The Harappan Civilization 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE Citadel of Mohenjo-Daro Grid layout.
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Transcript of The Harappan Civilization 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE Citadel of Mohenjo-Daro Grid layout.
![Page 1: The Harappan Civilization 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE Citadel of Mohenjo-Daro Grid layout.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649cca5503460f94992979/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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The Harappan Civilization
3300 BCE - 2400 BCE
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Citadelof
Mohenjo-Daro
Grid layout
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Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro
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Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro
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Main Street, Mohenjo-Daro
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pottery, Mohenjo-Daro
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Bison Seal, Mohenjo-Daro
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Necklace, Mohenjo-Daro
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Public Well, Harappa
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Unicorn Seal, Harappa
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Burial Pottery, Harappa
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Harappan Writing
Undecipherable to date.
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Aryan Migration
pastoral depended on their cattle.
warriors horse-drawn chariots.
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Sanskrit writing
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The Vedas 1200 BCE-600 BCE.
written in SANSKRIT.
Hinduism roots in Vedas
Caste system
Dharma
Rig Veda oldest work
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Varna (Social Hierarchy)
Shudras
Vaishyas
Kshatriyas
Brahmins
Pariahs -- Untouchables
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Hinduism• Many deities– Brahma-creator– Vishnu-preserver– Siva-destroyer
• Upanishads– Self denial—fasting– Yoga—discipline
• Reincarnation• Karma– Ahimsa
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History of Religion
http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html
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Religions of South Asia
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Buddhism in the Subcontinent
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The essence of Buddhism
The “middle way of wisdom and compassion.”
2,500 year old tradition. Buddha, the teacher. Dharma, the teachings.
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Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE)
Born in NE India (Nepal). Raised in great luxury to be a king. At 29 he rejected his luxurious life to
seek enlightenment and the source of suffering.
Lived a strict, ascetic life for 6 years. Rejecting this extreme, sat in
meditation, and found nirvana. Became “The Enlightened One,” at
35.
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What is the fundamental cause of all suffering?
Desire!Desire! Therefore, extinguish the self, don’t obsess
about oneself.
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Four Noble Truths1. There is suffering in the world. To
live is to suffer. 2. The cause of suffering is self-centered
desire and attachments. 3. The solution is to eliminate desire
and attachments4. To reach nirvana, one must follow
the Eightfold Path
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Eightfold Path
NirvanaNirvana The union with the ultimate spiritual reality.
Escape from the cycle of rebirth.
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Spread of Buddhism
• Missionaries and traders helped to spread the religion
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Buddha
19c Thailand
Buddha’s head
2c Pakistan
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Zen BuddhismSeeks sudden
enlightenment through meditation, arriving at emptiness
Beauty, art, and aesthetics: Gardens. Archery. Tea ceremony. Calligraphy.
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China’s History
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Huang He River
Shang Dynasty1700-1027 BCE
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Oracle Bones
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Zhou1028-771 BCE
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Mandate of HeavenThe Zhou justified taking over from the Shang by saying that they had lost divine approval to rule
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Zhou Dynasty1029-258 BCE
Leaders/Traits• Walled cities• Trade routes between cities• Mandate of Heaven• Feudalism
Philosophy• Daoism
– Laozi– 500’s BCE
• Confucianism– Analects– Chaotic government as Zhou
was in decline– 522 BCE
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Confucianism
• Based on five relationships– Ruler/subject– Husband/wife– Father/son– Older brother/younger
brother– Friend/friend
• Not a religion• Women were
subservient to men
• Wanted to reform society by showing rulers how to govern wisely
• Laid groundwork for creation of a bureaucracy [a trained civil service who runs the government]
• Examination system
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Qin Dynasty221-206 BCE
Shi Huangdi-First Emperor Ruthless—Totalitarian Legalism adopted Territorial Expansion begins 214 BCE Book burning-213 BCE Standardized weights and measures Single money system Uniform writing system Postal system Great Wall Bankrupted China Pottery Army-210 BCE Forced labor
First time China united as one empire Agricultural Trade/merchants
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Great Wall
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