“THE HAPPINESS ADVANTAGE”

DAY 14: 3 things you

are grateful for in the present.

5 minute

Repeat after me: “I will DOMINATE that test!

Last time in World History….

Postwar Uncertainty

A Scientific Revolution

Albert Einstein “Theory of

Relativity” - 1905, theory turns science and society upside down

While the speed of light is constant, other things that seem constant (space & time) are not

A Scientific Revolution

Sigmund Freud Ideas and work

was as revolutionary as Einstein

Idea of our “unconscious mind”

Analyzes dreams for the first time

Changes in Lit. & ArtLiterature

The horror of war made deep impression on many writers

For Example: Franz Kafka:

“The Trial” and “The Castle”

James Joyce “Ulysses”

Art Rebelled against the

norm; wanted to show the inner emotions of objects

Picasso and “cubism”

Surrealism, inspired by Freud, movement linked dreams with reality

Jazz emerged in the U.S.

“Three Musicians” Picasso “Egg Born” Salvador Dali

Changes in Society and Tech.

The role allowed women to take new roles for the first time

Women’s suffrage in U.S., Britain, Germany, Sweden & Austria

Ditched restrictive hair and dress styles for more comfort

The automobile transformed society and more people owned them, not just rich

Airlines start to be used for leisure travel (Charles Lindberg)

Radio broadcast begins in Pittsburgh, PA and sweeps the nation

Film becomes popular and “Hollywood” is born …. Play Me: Charlie Chaplin

A Worldwide Depression

Postwar Europe Many European countries were

nearly bankrupt

Counties started to establish new democratic governments but governments were often inefficient

Many willing to sacrifice a democratic government for a strong, authoritative leadership.

Weimar Republic 1919 – Germany’s

new democratic government

Weak from the start Many Germans

blames the Weimar Gov. for the humiliating of Treaty of Versailles.

Inflation in Germany, U.S. helps

Attempts at lasting peace between France and Germany and world, failed German children playing with…money!

Financial Crisis In late 1920s, U.S.

prosperous economy sustained world economy

Uneven distribution of wealth, overproduction, consumers buying less

1929, stock market crashes (p. 473).

Depression hits us all

Within months, unemployment boomed and wages decreased

Banks and business began to close, farmers lost land sentences

By 1933, ¼ of American workers have NO JOB!

Great Depression – a long business slump

Fascism in Europe! Millions of people lost faith in

democratic government. Why?

Turned to extreme forms of government such as FascismFascism

Fascists made several promises, for example:

1. Revive economy

2. Punish those responsible for hard times

3. Restore national pride

Fascism’s Rise in Italy

Def: Militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to state and obedience to its leader

FascismFascism’s Rise in ItalyCharacteristics

1. Nationalism

2. Loyalty to authoritarian leader

3. Wear uniforms

4. Special salutes

5. Mass rallies

6. Deny individual rights

7. State is Supreme!!

Differences with Communism

1. Social classes exist in Fascist state

2. Fascists are nationalists and Communists are internationalists

Mussolini Takes Control

Italy’s Problems:

1. Treaty of Versailles

2. Inflation

3. Unemployment

4. Democratic government is ineffective

Founded Fascist Party in 1919

As economy worsens, popularity increases

Black Shirts – Black Shirts – attack Communists

Supported by middle class, aristocracy, and industrial leaders

Oct. 1922, 30,000 fascist mark into Rome and rally for Musso.

“Il Duce” How does

Mussolini take control of Italy?

1. Abolish Democracy

2. Outlaw all political parties

3. Secret police

4. Censorship

Rise of the NazisNazis

National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazis

Overturn Treaty of Versailles

Combat Communism

Swastika

Brown Shirts

“der Fuhrer” 1923 Beer Hall

Putsch

Mein Kampf

1. Aryans “master race”

2. Vow to regain German lands

3. Against Treaty of Versailles

4. Lebensraum = “more space”

Hitler Becomes Chancellor 1932, Nazis are

biggest party on Germany

Jan. 1933 – President Paul von Hindenburg names him Chancellor (p. 478)

Germany becomes Totalitarian State

SS created

Gestapo

Banned strikes, labor unions

Hitler Becomes Chancellor

President Hindenburg names Hitler chancellor

Fire destroys Reichstag building and Communists are blamed

Germany becomes Totalitarian State

SS created

Gestapo

Banned strikes, labor unions

Paul vonHindenburg

State Standard 10.9.4

Fuhrer is Supreme Propaganda

Censorship

Book burning

Hitler Youth

League of German Girls

Hitler Makes War on

the Jews

Anti-Semitism

November 9, 1938 the Night of Broken Glass or Kristallnacht

State Standard 10.9.4