The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky
-
Upload
graciela-chichilnisky -
Category
Technology
-
view
202 -
download
0
Transcript of The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky
![Page 1: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Green Power Fund
- reflections by its author -
Graciela ChichilniskyUNFCCC Side Event
June 18th 2012Rio+20 Rio Centro Brazil
![Page 2: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Human Dominated World
Human Beings are today the largest geological force in the planet
We are changing the planet’s atmosphere, its body of waters, and the complex web of species that makes life on earth
Climate Change
![Page 3: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Global Risks•Climate Change•Biodiversity Extinction•Clean Water scarcity•Life in the Seas going extinct
Avoiding Extinction
![Page 4: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
URGENCY
Why are we being called to respond to
The Climate Question
![Page 5: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Catastrophic Risks• Global sea level raise threatens the survival
of 43 island nations • Polar Caps melt - accelerating warming trend• Record breaking tornadoes, floods, droughts
and devastating fires• 30 million climate migration in 2011 • National Security at Risk US Pentagon 2009
Oceans - the origin of life – going extinct
![Page 6: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Are Humans Next?• Need Action Now• Waited too long• Industrial economies 20% of world population
cause most of world’s C02 emissions
Energy from fossil fuels is 45% of global emissions
Clean Energy is the Only Solution
![Page 7: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The AnthropoceneThe change we are producing will be read in rock formations for thousands of years
A new geological era - the ‘Anthropocene’ – follows the Holocene –it started in 1945
The Bretton Woods Institutions after WWII led to
Globalization of Western Economics
![Page 8: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A Brief History of Western Economics
How an individualistic frontier societyGrows Interconnections & the Global
Commons
![Page 9: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Western Economicsan
Individualistic frontier Society
• Lacks connections with natural resources
• Lacks connections between present and future
• Lacks connections between people
![Page 10: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Western Market Economics based on
– Competitive Markets - individualistic consumers trade private goods: no connection between people
–Optimal Growth Theory -- exponential growth of population and resource use – a frontier society without limits: no connection between the economy and ecological systems
– Cost Benefit Analysis and Financial Models Discount the Future – a short term vision: no connection between the present and the future
Dictatorship of the Present
![Page 11: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Western economicsDisconnects us
• Lacks connections between people • Lacks connections between economy and
environment• Lacks connections across generations
Sustainable Development
requires building connectionsWHY?
![Page 12: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Because humans dominate the planet
• For the first time in recorded history• Following an era of rapid globalization
Humans dominate Planet Earth
• We are connecting and changing the planet’s atmosphere, its bodies of water, and the complex web of species that makes life on Earth
![Page 13: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
This means natural resource limits
• As we reach natural resource and environmental limits
The survival of humankind is at stake
• Need connections with the ecology, between people and with the future of our species
Can Western Economics adjust?
Can Markets become Sustainable?
![Page 14: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sustainable Economics
How to do it
![Page 15: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What to do• Change International Law• Change Economics
We just have to do it
• For the survival of our Species
![Page 16: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Changing Economics is Key
HOW?
•Provide the Missing Connections•Between people and the environment
•Between the Present & the Future
New Global Markets mean new GDP
![Page 17: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Changing Economics
Requires Changing International Law
![Page 18: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Change International Law
Basic Needs • In 1974 I created the Bariloche Model of the World Economy
• Based on my new concept of Basic Needs
• Basic Needs foundation of Sustainable Development voted by 150 nations at the 1992 UN Earth Summit in Rio Brazil
• Adopted by the G – 20 in 2009
Sustainable Development
![Page 19: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Change International Law
The Carbon Market • The Carbon Market I designed and wrote into the UN Kyoto Protocol in 1997 is international law since 2005
• Productive clean CDM transfers to developing nations $50 Bn since 2005
• EU ETS Trades $200 Bn/year, decreased 37% EU emissions since became law in 2005
• Makes profitable the use of clean energy for the production of all goods and services
• Changes the energy foundation of the Global Economy
• China ratified the Kyoto Protocol and since 2005 leads the World in Solar and Wind markets
• US did not and was left behind in clean technology
![Page 20: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Change International LawThe Green Power
Fund• $200Bn/year Private/Public Fund for building Carbon Negative Power Plants in developing nations
• Funded by the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol = Carbon Market trading in 2011
• Created in Copenhagen CP15 December 2009 – I published and presented it to Pershing US State Dept, and Pizer US Treasury
• Announced two days later December 17 2009 by US Sec H. Clinton -- now accepted in Durban 2011
![Page 21: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Where are We?
What comes Next?
![Page 22: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Changes Articulated by the
United Nations
Kyoto Protocol
![Page 23: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Carbon Market
•What is it?
•What it is not
![Page 24: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Carbon Market• EU-ETS Trades $200 Bn/year
• Reduced 30% EU emissions
• CDM transfersred $50 Bn clean energy projects in poor nations
• Now in 4 continents• Compulsory Carbon Market in
California USA• US Federal Law March 2012 limits
power plant emissions•
![Page 25: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Emission Limits are the basis of Carbon
Market How does it Work
Dirty pays
clean – ZERO overall costs
Dirty pays
clean – ZERO overall costs
Carbon Makes Clean
Energy profitable
Dirty Energy
expensive and
Undesirable
Carbon Makes Clean
Energy profitable
Dirty Energy
expensive and
Undesirable
CARBON PRICES
ARE THE Missing Signal
CARBON PRICES
ARE THE Missing Signal
$25/TON EMITTED$25/TON EMITTED
CHANGES THE
ENTIRE GLOBAL ECONOM
Y
CHANGES THE
ENTIRE GLOBAL ECONOM
Y
![Page 26: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Carbon MarketLinks to Global Economy
Everything is made with energy Economic growth = Energy Use
Link to EnergyCarbon Market provides Missing
SignalNew Market Prices = New Values
Carbon Market = New GDP
![Page 27: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
From the Carbon Market
to the
Green Power Fund
![Page 28: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Power Plants Create Development
• Energy is the mother of all Markets
A US$55 Trillion Global Power Plant Infrastructure
(IEA)• They Power the World• The World needs more energy• But Power Plants today emit 45% of all
Carbon emissions• Need carbon negative power plants NOW
![Page 29: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Green Power Fund
• Mobilizes the World Energy Markets
Builds Carbon Negative Power Plants• $200bn/year to build carbon negative power
pants• Creating Rapid Development in Latin America
Africa Small Island States
Funded by the Carbon Market
![Page 30: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
To Build Carbon Negative Power Plants in LA Africa
and AOSIS• Capture More Carbon than Emitted• Providing Rapid Development while• Cleaning the Planet’s Atmosphere• Ideal for Low Income Developing Nations• Low Emitting Nation can Reduce more
Carbon than they emit• Paid for by the $200 Bn/trading of the
Carbon Market of the Kyoto Protocol
![Page 31: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Copenhagen COP15:Two Seeds
with Irresistible Growth
1. Green Power Fund2. Carbon Negative
Technologies in the CDM
![Page 32: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Durban December 2011:Kyoto Protocol extended 3
years
• Existing KP limits valid until 2015• New Carbon limits pledged for 2015
•Green Climate Fund Accepted by all Nations
![Page 33: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Cost Benefit Analysis and Optimal Growth theory exist that do not discount the Future
A Formal Theory of Sustainable Development has been developed that provides
Equal treatment for future generationsConnects
The Present and the Future
Sustainable Development
(Chichilnisky 1996, 2000, 2006, 2009, 2010)
![Page 34: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Basic Needs, The Carbon Market and the
Green Power Fund
• New types of markets that value the Global Commons
• The Atmosphere, Biodiversity, WaterChange the global economy
![Page 35: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
New Markets Change Capitalism
• Markets trading privately produced public goods are new
• They combine equity with efficiency
Connecting People• They require limits on resource use
Connecting Economics with Ecological Systems
![Page 36: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Green Capitalism in the 21st Century
• The basis exists: international law and economics
• Theoretically and in practice• New markets for the global commons,
new growth theory, new cost benefit analysis and new GDP measures, new international law
![Page 37: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Global Commons
New Economics
From maximizing profits toeconomic progress
that ensures survival of our species
![Page 38: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Technology is Urgently Needed
• To Reduce Carbon from the Atmosphere
• In a Profitable Way
The Word needs Energy
CLEAN ENERGY FOR DEVELOPING NATIONS
![Page 39: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Global Thermostat Pilot Plant, SRI International - Menlo Park California
February 2011
![Page 40: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
06/25/12
Why a Carbon Negative Solution
Carbon Neutral is not enough• Neutralizing emissions does not
prevent further increases in atmospheric CO2
• Even the most aggressive efficiency improvements and renewables adoption are unlikely to keep CO2 concentration at the generally agreed 450ppm to avoid catastrophic climate risk Negative Carbon is the
solution1• Air capture enables direct and rapid reduction of CO2 concentration
• GT allows for the capture of even more CO2 than we are loading into the atmosphere or that the earth’s systems can absorb – Negative Carbon
GT’s technology directly reduces carbon
concentration in the air, making carbon negative
possible
1 United Nations Headquarters, New York, November 12, 2009. Presentation by G. Chichilnisky on"The Rising Tide at Copenhagen: A Win-Win Solution for Industrialized and Developing Nations"
![Page 41: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Closing the Carbon Cycle
• GT Technology Captures Carbon from Air• Inexpensive: Uses Low Process Heat • Cogenerates Power Production
withCarbon Capture• The More Power is Produced – the More
Carbon is reduced• Makes Coal Plants Carbon Negative• Makes Solar Power Plants even more
Carbon Negative
![Page 42: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
GT’s Air Capture Technology
GT’s Air Capture Technology
Three-Step Process Produces Concentrated CO 2 Stream
Step 1Air Input
Transport and
Injection
Compression
Other Application
s
Key to GT’s technology is
cogeneration using low temperature process heat to
capture CO 2 Subsequent steps are shared by all CO 2 capture methods though pipelining costs can
be reduced by co-locating where CO 2 is stored or used
Step 2CO 2
Capture
Step 3CO 2
Regeneration
![Page 43: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Absorbing CO2
Pipes to oil well or algae
UP
![Page 44: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Releasing CO2
Pipes to oil well or algae ponds
DOWN
![Page 45: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
06/25/12
Applications & Markets for Captured CO2
Storage Enhanced Oil Recovery*
Algae-Based Biofuels*
Hydrogen-Based Fuels
Products cement, fertilizer, plastics, greenhouses
*EOR and Algae-based biofuels represent most significant
opportunities for commercial
applications of CO2 captured using
GT’s technology
![Page 46: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Unique Advantages of GT’s Technology
Unique Advantages of GT’s Technology
Measurable advantages over other forms of carbon capture
Low-Cost Provider•Powered by low cost & widely available process heat
Scalable Design•Modular design adapts to different sized applications
Carbon Negative Solution•An energy or industrial plant can capture even more CO2 than is emitted – a carbon negative solution
Flexible Integration• Fossil, renewable, nuclear plants, industrial plants, (cement, steel) – anywhere heat is available
![Page 47: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
06/25/12
GT Pilot Plant at SRI - October 1, 2010
![Page 48: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Strategic PartnersStrategic Partners
![Page 49: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
06/25/12
GT Producing Carbon Negative Fuels with IHI and Algae
Systems
Desalination
Desalination
CO2
Wastewater
Algae Production
Algae Production
Dewatering
Dewatering
Fuel Production
Fuel Production
Fuels,Electricity &
Biochar
Treated
Wastewater
Drinking
Water
• Produces carbon negative transportation fuels (gasoline diesel)
• Treats municipal wastewater and produces drinking water
• Generates green electricity and biochar fertilizers
GT isloping fully-integrated biorefinery in partnership with Algae Systems
Provides critical municipal services while producing energy
As Green As It Gets
Solar Energ
y
![Page 50: The Green Power Fund -- A Rio+20 Presentation by Graciela Chichilnisky](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070317/556444d7d8b42a682d8b460b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The Green Power Fund Creates
a Carbon Negative World
• To fund Carbon Negative Power plants in island nations AOSIS Latin America & Africa
• The ONLY WAY that low emitting developing nations can benefit from the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol