The Great AwakeningReligious movement in the 1730s and

1740s.Preached ideas that went against

Puritan beliefs and teachings.JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best

known preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an

Angry God”, urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.

This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion.

The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening.

Benjamin Franklin

• Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father• 1706 – 1790• Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book helped shape the American character,

such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.• Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for

all the colonies• Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve

his position in life• Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence• Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French

and Indian War• Considered to be the “first civilized American”• Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove

William Penn• William Penn established a

colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia.

• Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.

Explain the reasons for the development of representative government in Colonial America

• Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs

Major Eras and Events in U.S. History – Colonial America

• Exploration and Colonization• Establishment of the 13 colonies• Representative Democracy• Mercantilism• Religious Freedom

What are some reasons for European Exploration

• Reasons for Exploration:

• Religion• Wealth• Fame• National pride• Curiosity• Faster,

cheaper trade routes to Asia

What are some reasons for European colonization of North America

• Reasons for Colonization:

• Religious freedom

• Political freedom

• Economic opportunity (mercantilism)

• Social mobility• A better way

of life

Political reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies

• Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:

• Political• Competition with Spain

and France who already had many colonies in North America

• Increase trade and markets for English exports (mercantilism)

• Source of raw materials

Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies

• Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:• • Seeking religious freedom• • Freedom from persecution for religious beliefs• •

Social reasons for establishingthe 13 English Colonies:

• Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:

• Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life• England was overcrowded and settlers desired

their own land

Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the

Colonial Period• Distance from England

created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order

• Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament)

• Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws

• Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies.

• Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed.

• Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government

How did Religion and Virtue Contribute to the Growth of

Representative Government in the American Colonies

Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Slaves During the Colonial Period

• Slaves During the Colonial Period:• Political – no political voice; no rights• Economic – labor of the Plantation System;

considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents

• Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity

Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period

• Free Blacks During the Colonial Period:• Political – no political voice; limited / restricted rights• Economic – low wage earners• Social – lowest social class; limited access to

education; socially isolated

Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization:

• Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created

• Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida