The "Golden Age” of the Netherlands
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The "Golden Age” of the Netherlands. (1580s - 1670s). The Netherlands: The “ Low Country ”. 17c: The “ Dutch ” Century. It was a political Republic: no monarchy. A radical attitude towards religion in the country. A certain level of religious toleration. Stable, thriving economy. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The "Golden Age” of the Netherlands
TheNetherlan
ds:The “Low Country”
17c: The “Dutch” Century
It was a political Republic:no monarchy.A radical attitude towards religion in the country.A certain level of religious toleration.Stable, thriving economy.“Golden Age” of artists and thinkers. Religion and everyday life were
recurring themes in their art.
The Netherlands (1609)
Political IndependenceEach of the 7 Dutch provinces was politically independent.The Dutch were not governed by an absolute ruler.Political power passed into the hands of wealth merchants.
Political IndependenceEach province elected a stadtholder (governor) and military leader.During times of crisis, all seven provinces would elect the same stadtholder, usually from the House of Orange.
The Dutch Federation REGENTS- provincial level- held virtually all the power- strong advocates of local independence
STADTHOLDER- States General representative from each province- responsible for defense and order
STATES GENERAL- federal assembly- foreign affairs (war)- all issues had to be referred to the local Estates
Dutch Royal Palace, Amsterdam
1648-1665
Religious TolerationCalvinism was the dominant religion.Lutherans, Anabaptists, Catholics, and Jews all enjoyed religious freedom.Religious toleration helped create a cosmopolitan society tat promoted commerce.
Dutch SocietyCities of Amsterdam & Rotterdam: granaries with enough surplus for one year.Generally higher salaries than in any other parts of W. Europe.
Even women had higher wages.“Protestant work ethic.”
Thrift and frugality.Had the highest standard of living in Europe!
The Dutch EconomyDried fish and grains were important.Exported diamonds, linens, pottery, spices, and flowers (tulips).Not much inflation.Great Dutch land reclamation project was accelerated during this time.Masters of the “carrying trade” (lowest shipping rates in Europe).
The Dutch EconomyDutch Republic was Europe’s leading commercial power during most of the 17th century. Amsterdam remained Europe’s financial center until the French Revolution- 1789.The Dutch fleet of 10,000 ships was the largest in the world. Played a key role in the Dutch economy.
The Dutch EconomyAs trade shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, Dutch replaced Italians as the bankers of Europe.Dutch East India Company displaced the Portuguese and gained control of the spice trade in the East Indies.
17c Dutch Global Commerce
Dutch East India Company, 1602
Dutch West India
Company, 1621
Netherland
Antilles
Fort Orange (Albany, NY)in New Netherlands
New Amsterdam (NYC)Settled in 1624.
Official Flag of the NYC Seal of the City of NY.
Dutch East India Ship, mid-17c
Return of the Dutch East India
Fleet, 1599
DutchDelftware
English Delftware
18c Delftware Tobacco Jars
Economic DeclineCostly with England and France damaged the Dutch RepublicEngland and France became the dominant European powersWilliam of Orange, strong Dutch Stadtholder, becomes King in England as a result of the Glorious Revolution.
Anglo-Dutch Wars First Anglo-Dutch War: 1660-1665 Second Anglo-Dutch War: 1665-1667 Third Anglo-Dutch War: 1674-1678
King William III Queen Mary II ascend the throne of England in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution.
Dutch ArtArtists focused on painting individual and group portraits, landscapes, and scenes of every day life.Rembrandt and Vermeer were the greatest artists of this time period.
The Night Watch – Rembrandt, 1642
Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp – Rembrandt,
1632
(detail) Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp –
Rembrandt, 1632
Portrait of an Old Jewish Man Rembrandt, 1654
Sampling Officials of the Drapers Guild – Rembrandt
- 1662
The Leiden Baker & His Wife
Jan Steen
The Lace MakerNicolaes Maes
A Young Woman with a Water Jug - Jan Vermeer,
1662
Girl with a Pearl EarringJan Vermeer, 1665
The Lace MakerJan Vermeer, 1669-1670
A Woman Holding a Balance
Jan Vermeer, 1662
The AstronomerJan Vermeer, 1668
The GeographerJan Vermeer, 1668-1669
Girl Reading a Letter with the Window Open - Jan
Vermeer, 1657
The Music LessonJan Vermeer, 1662-1665
