The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.//...
-
Upload
erik-mcdowell -
Category
Documents
-
view
227 -
download
0
Transcript of The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.//...
![Page 1: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Glory That Was Greece
![Page 2: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Resources for further research:
1. http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/Main_Page/
2. http://history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm
3. http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/
4. http://greece.mrdonn.org/
5. http://
www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/Greece.html
6. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/
7. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/
![Page 3: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Time Periods
• Minoan• Mycenaean• Dark Ages• Archaic• Classical • Hellenistic
![Page 4: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Geography of Greece
• Mountains– Hindered communication and unification– Caused growth of independent city-states
• Seas and seaports– Peninsula with irregular coastline– Seaports encouraged development of trade
• Poor farmland– Few crops could be grown– Forced to trade– Became leading traders of Aegean and eastern
Mediterranean
![Page 5: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Early Greeks
• Hellenes – Indo-European nomads – Dorian, Aeolian, and Ionian tribes
• Circa 1400-1000 B.C.E. – migration from Black Sea and Danube regions → modern-day Greece and Turkey
• Conquered Cretans and other natives• Circa 1000 B.C.E. – controlled Greece, some of
Asia Minor, and Aegean islands
![Page 6: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Greece’s Colonies
• Circa 800-600 B.C.E.
• Colonized areas around the Mediterranean – Italy’s west coast (Naples), Sicily (Syracuse), southern France (Marseilles), Egypt, Byzantium (Constantinople/Istanbul)
• Spread Greek culture, language, religion
![Page 7: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mycenaean and Minoan Civilization
![Page 8: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Greece and the Greek Colonies
![Page 9: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Forces Uniting the Greeks
Ancestry Language Literature
Religion Olympic Games
![Page 10: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Forces Uniting the Greeks
Ancestry
• Believed in a common ancestor – Hellen
Language
• Spoke different Greek dialects but could understand one another
• Used Phoenician alphabet and added vowels
Literature
• Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
• Mythological tales
![Page 11: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Greek Language and Alphabet
![Page 12: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Forces Uniting the Greeks
Religion
• Greek pantheon of gods and goddesses living on Mount Olympus
• Zeus, Athena, Hades, etc.
Olympic Games
• Every four years• This four-year period was
called the Olympiad• Began in 776 BCE• Physical games – boxing,
broad jumps, chariot racing, dashes, discus throwing, distance running, javelin throwing
• Intellectual games – art, drama, music, poetry
![Page 13: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Greek Religion
![Page 14: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Olympic Games
![Page 15: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Forces Disuniting the Greeks
First Loyalty Was to City-State
• Often fought one another
• This disunity eventually allowed the Macedonians to conquer Greece
Geography
• Mountains divided city-states and hindered communication
Different Types of Government
• Athens – democracy
• Sparta – authoritarian and militaristic nature
• Also aristocracies, oligarchies, and tyrannies
![Page 16: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Age of Homer
• Circa 1000 B.C.E.-circa 750 B.C.E.
• Greece’s “Dark Ages” – little information known
• Iliad and Odyssey• People – farmers, traders,
and warriors• Crops and livestock – cattle,
grapes, olives, sheep, wheat Homer
![Page 17: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Legends of the Trojan War
• Greeks at Ionia preserved many stories about the Mycenaeans.
• Most famous legend was the Trojan War• Legends of the Trojan War were kept alive by
Homer, a blind poet who lived in Ionia around 750 B.C.
• He traveled from town to town, singing ancient stories
![Page 18: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Trojan War cast of characters
• GREEKS– Achilles, known as strongest &
bravest– Odysseus– Telemachus (Odysseus’ son)– Greater Ajax – Lesser Ajax– Agamemnon, king of Mycenae,
had most powerful kingdom in Greece
– Menelaus, king of Sparta, husband of Helen, brother of Agamemnon (usually has red hair)
• TROJANS (FROM TROY)– Hector, Troy’s greatest
warrior– Paris (Hector’s brother)– Priam , king of Troy, Hector
and Paris’s father
![Page 20: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Trojan War
• War starts with Aprodite, Hera, and Athena fighting because Eris, the goddess of discord) gave them an apple labeled “for the fairest”
• A Trojan prince named Paris decides that Aprodite wins
• Aprodite in turn makes Queen Helen fall in love with him
• Paris kidnaps Helen from her husband (Menelaus)• Agamemnon, Menelaus’s brother, led a 10 year war
against Troy
![Page 21: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Trojan War
• Greeks Achilles and Ajax die= considered best Greek fighters
• Trojans Hector (Trojan prince, son of King Priam, honorable warrior) and Paris die
• Troy falls to concept of the Trojan Horse. The Greeks construct a huge wooden horse and hide their men inside
![Page 22: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Spartan shield Trojan shield
![Page 23: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Trojan Horse victory by the Greeks
• The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under cover of night. The Greeks entered and destroyed the city of Troy, decisively ending the war.
![Page 24: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Trojan Horse
• “Trojan Horse" has come to mean any trick that causes a target to invite an enemy into a securely protected bastion or space.
![Page 26: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
King Agamemnon, king of wealthy Mycenae
![Page 27: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Achilles and Hector
![Page 28: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Achilles’ heel
![Page 29: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Trojan Horse
![Page 30: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Persian Empire
• Founder= Cyrus the Great, very tolerant• Persians were Ayrans, like the people who migrated to
India• Now this region is called Iran, which comes from word Ayran
• Cyrus’ last conquest was Babylonians, treated the conquered well, allowed Jews to returned to homeland and gave Jews money to rebuild temple, which Babylonians had destroyed
• Much info. comes from writing of 1st Greek historian Herodotus
![Page 31: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cyrus the GreatCyrus and clemency (merciful)
More a liberator than conquerer; Mentioned in the Old Testament 22 times; Freed Jews from Bablylon and allowed them to return to homeland; helped pay for rebuilding of Temple of Jerusalem when destroyed (1st time)
![Page 32: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1st Greco-Persian Battle
• Starts with Cyrus conquering Ionia• Ionians used to being ruled by tyrants, not a
merciful Cyrus• Set up tyrants in area but wasn’t working• Ionian Revolt• Hoplite warfare• Battle of Marathon
![Page 33: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
First Persian War
• Cyrus the Great had conquered Greek city-states of Ionia
• Ionians hated Persian rule and Persian taxes• 499 B.C. they asked Athens for help• Athens burned Persian city of Sardis• Persian troops recaptured Ionian leaders and
Darius was angry• Revenge was to conquer all of Greece
![Page 34: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Battle of Marathon• 490 B.C. 20,000 Persian soldiers set sail for Greece• Land near Marathon, 26 miles from Athens• Small force of 10,000 Athenian infantry- no archers, no cavalry,
outnumbered 2 to 1.• Athenians vote to attack, & next day at dawn, Greek phalanxes attack
on all sides- Persians retreat• As Greeks closed in, Persians fled to their ships• Fastest runner, Pheidippides, had just returned from carrying a
message to distant Sparta. Although exhausted, he set out for Athens• On reaching the city, he gasped, “Rejoice! We have won.” and then he
collapsed and died• To honor battle and Pheidippides marathon runners cover the same
distance of about 26 miles Pheidippides ran nearly 2,600 years ago
![Page 35: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Results of 1st Persian War
• was a watershed in the Greco-Persian wars, showing the Greeks that the Persians could be beaten
• highlighted superiority of Greek hoplites• famous for the inspiration of the Marathon race
![Page 37: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Darius the Greattribute, roads, common currency, Persepolis, local govt.
Daric satrap
Royal RoadPersepolis
![Page 39: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Darius• Conquered people had local self govt. but had to send tribute to
the Persian emperor• Each province would pay only what produced- much more fair tax
code• With the money, Darius built Persepolis• Darius created a common currency so gold coins could be
accepted across empire from Ionia (Greece) to India and Babylonia
• Used wealth to build roads- the Royal Road stretched from Sardis in Lydia to Susa in Babylonia
• According to Herodotus, it took 3 months to carry a message from one city to the other. Postal stations were located a day’s ride apart along the way to get new messengers and fresh horses.
![Page 40: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Persian Empire
• Darius the Great- under his rule, Persia became a HUGE multicultural empire
• One approach, could follow example of China’s first emperor Shi Huangdi, by imposing uniform laws and standards
• Persians created politics where there was local self-government
• Darius divided empire into satrapies, with laws made by locals
• Darius also sent each satrap (local official) a secretary who was the king’s spy and reported directly to Darius
![Page 41: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Persian defeat- Darius more determined
• But before he could launch another attack, he dies
• Son Xerxes wants to now punish Greeks• Herodotus describes the huge invasion forces
Xerxes assembles, and decides to not take huge army in ships by land
• Creates a floating bridge and leads about 100,000 men into Greece to start Second Persian War
![Page 42: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
2nd Greco-Persian Battle
• Xerxes (Darius’s son) is Persian leader• 3 Major Battles:– Thermopylae (300, Leonidas, enduring strength of
Spartans)– Salamis (naval battle)– Plataea and Mycale (terrestrial battle, showed
military prowess of hoplite soldiers)
![Page 43: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Xerxes versus Spartans in Thermopylae- 300
• Many Greeks thought Persians were unstoppable• King Leonidas, ledge a small Spartan force to stop
Persians at a narrow mountain pass called Thermopylae• Spartans held off the invaders, then a traitor showed
the Persians another path through mts.• 300 Spartans chose death defeat• Herodotus wrote that when their weapons were gone,
they fought on “with their hands and teeth” until every man was killed
• (like Masada by Israelites instead of being defeated by Romans)
![Page 44: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Wooden Walls of Athens- Battle of Salamis about to occur
• Terrified Athenians consulted the Oracle at Delphi• It said that “wooden walls” could save the Athenians• Many Athenians thought that meant city walls• Themistocles believed that the wooden walls meant
ships• When Persians reached Athens, they found the
harbor empty• Athenians had fled by ship to nearby islands• Persians burn down Athens, including temples on
the Acropolis
![Page 46: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Battle of Salamis- by sea
![Page 47: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Battle of Salamis
• Xerxes had throne set on a hill near Athens; Xerxes very confident and ready to watch his fleet destroy the Greek navy
• He has 1,200 warships, and Greeks 380 ships• Themistocles had set a trap• Keep his fleet hidden while Persian ships filled narrow
strait• Then Greeks attacked and rammed the crowded Persian
ships• Soon strait was crowded with broken ships and impossible
for Persians to escape• Instead of losing rest of his fleet, Xerxes sails for home
![Page 48: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
“Golden Age” for Athens
• Athenians celebrate their victory by introducing a “golden age” of art and learning
• Pericles leads the way with a program for rebuilding the city
• Athenians create marvels of art and architecture, including the Parthenon
• Athens enjoys a golden age of philosophy, science, and literature.
![Page 49: The Glory That Was Greece. Resources for further research: 1.// 2.//history-world.org/ancient_greece.htm.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081506/5697bfd21a28abf838cabe96/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Timeline
http://www.holoka.com/pdf-files/hist_323_lect.pdf