The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers · 1.1 Applications ... 10.1.2 Cellulose nanofiber...
Transcript of The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers · 1.1 Applications ... 10.1.2 Cellulose nanofiber...
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………………. 30 ▪ 1.1 Applications………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………. 31 ▪ 1.1.1 Main opportunities in
nanocellulose……………………………………………………………………….. 36
▪ 1.2 Production worldwide……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
▪ 1.2.1 Production plants and production status………………………………………………………………… 40
▪ 1.3 Market drivers………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
▪ 1.3.1 Demand for sustainable materials………………………………………………………………………….. 41
▪ 1.3.2 Enhanced products for paper and board industries……………………………………………….. 42
▪ 1.3.3 Unique properties lead to new products…………………………………………………………………. 43
▪ 1.3.4 Recent improvements in production and product integration…………………………………. 43
▪ 1.4 Market and technical challenges…………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
▪ 1.4.1 Characterization…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
▪ 1.4.2 Production……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44
▪ 1.4.3 Functionalization…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
▪ 1.4.4 Moisture absorption and aggregation…………………………………………………………………….. 44
▪ 1.4.5 Scalability……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45
▪ 1.4.6 Lack of current products…………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
▪ 1.4.7 Cost-competitiveness with traditional technology…………………………………………………… 45
▪ 1.5 Global cellulose nanofibers market size…………………………………………………………………………. 46
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 1.5.1 The market for cellulose nanofibers in 2017…………………………………………………………… 46
▪ 1.5.2 Nanocellulose global revenues and demand in tons, 2015–2027………………………….. 50
▪ 1.5.3 Cellulose nanofiber market by region…………………………………………………………………….. 52
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………………………… 55 ▪ 2.1 MARKET OPPORTUNITY
ANALYSIS……………………………………………………………………………. 56
▪ 2.1.1 Stage of commercialization…………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
▪ 2.1.2 Economic impact by 2027………………………………………………………………………………………. 57
▪ 2.1.3 Current market size for equivalent applications……………………………………………………… 57
▪ 2.1.4 Ease of commercialization……………………………………………………………………………………… 57
▪ 2.1.5 Competitive landscape…………………………………………………………………………………………… 57
▪ 2.1.6 Cost……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
▪ 2.1.7 Competition from other materials…………………………………………………………………………… 58
▪ 2.1.8 Regulatory/Government policy push………………………………………………………………………. 58
▪ 2.1.9 Market pull……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 58
▪ 2.2 MARKET CHALLENGES RATING SYSTEM…………………………………………………………………. 58
3 NANOCELLULOSE………………………………………………………………… 61 ▪ 3.1 What is
nanocellulose?…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
▪ 3.2 Types of nanocellulose…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
▪ 3.2.1 NanoFibrillar Cellulose (NFC)………………………………………………………………………………… 65
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 3.2.1.1 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
▪ 3.2.1.2 Production methods of NFC producers………………………………………………………….. 67
▪ 3.2.2 NanoCrystalline Cellulose (NCC)…………………………………………………………………………… 68
▪ 3.2.2.1 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 69
▪ 3.2.3 Bacterial Cellulose (BCC)………………………………………………………………………………………. 70
▪ 3.2.3.1 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 71
▪ 3.3 Synthesis of cellulose materials……………………………………………………………………………………… 71
▪ 3.3.1 Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)……………………………………………………………………………. 71
▪ 3.3.2 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)………………………………………………………………………………. 72
▪ 3.3.3 Nanofibrillated cellulose (MFC)………………………………………………………………………………. 72
▪ 3.3.4 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)………………………………………………………………………………… 73
▪ 3.3.5 Bacterial cellulose particles (CNC)…………………………………………………………………………. 74
▪ 3.4 Properties of nanocellulose…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 75
▪ 3.5 Advantages of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………….. 76
▪ 3.6 Manufacture of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………… 76
▪ 3.7 Production methods……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 77
▪ 3.7.1 Nanofibrillated cellulose production methods…………………………………………………………. 80
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 3.7.2 Nanocrystalline celluose production methods………………………………………………………… 80
4 CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS MARKET STRUCTURE………………… 81 ▪ 4.1 Routes to
commercialization…………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
▪ 4.2 Market structure from materials production to end product…………………………………………….. 81
▪ 4.3 Volume of industry demand for CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS BY CELULOSE NANOFIBER producer sales………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 84
▪ 4.4 Current end users for nanocellulose, by market and company………………………………………. 86
5 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS………………… 88 6 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS…………………………………………. 90
▪ 6.1 Standards……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 90
▪ 6.1.1 International Standards Organization (ISO)……………………………………………………………. 90
▪ 6.1.2 American National Standards………………………………………………………………………………… 90
▪ 6.1.3 CSA Group…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 90
▪ 6.2 Toxicity…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 91
▪ 6.3 Regulation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 93
7 REGIONAL INITIATIVES AND GOVERNMENT FUNDING………….. 95 8 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER APPLICATIONS…………………………….. 96
▪ 8.1 High volume, medium volume and low volume cellulose nanofiber applications………. 96
9 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL (TRL)………………………………………………………………………………………… 98 10 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER END USER MARKET SEGMENT ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………. 100
▪ 10.1 Production of cellulose nanofibers……………………………………………………………………………. 100
▪ 10.1.1 Microfibrillated cellulose…………………………………………………………………………………… 100
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 10.1.2 Cellulose nanofiber production………………………………………………………………………… 100
▪ 10.1.3 Production volumes, by region…………………………………………………………………………. 102
▪ 10.1.4 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 102
▪ 10.1.5 Prices……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 105
▪ 10.2 Cellulose nanofibers patents & publications…………………………………………………………….. 107
11 COMPOSITES INCLUDING THERMOPLASTICS AND RUBBER ADDITIVES……………………………………………………………………………… 114
▪ 11.1 MARKET DRIVERS AND TRENDS…………………………………………………………………………. 114
▪ 11.1.1 Growing use of polymer composites………………………………………………………………… 114
▪ 11.1.2 Increased need for advanced, protective materials………………………………………….. 115
▪ 11.1.3 Improved multi-functional performance over traditional composites-green AND strong 115
▪ 11.1.4 Multi-functionality……………………………………………………………………………………………… 116
▪ 11.1.5 Growth in the wind energy market……………………………………………………………………. 116
▪ 11.1.6 Environmental impact of carbon fibers…………………………………………………………….. 116
▪ 11.1.7 Shortcomings of natural fiber composites and glass fiber reinforced composites 117
▪ 11.2 APPLICATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 118
▪ 11.2.1 Applications by cellulose type………………………………………………………………………….. 118
▪ 11.2.2 Applications timeline………………………………………………………………………………………… 119
▪ 11.3 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 120
▪ 11.3.1 Biopackaging……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 124
▪ 11.3.1.1 Market drivers and trends……………………………………………………………………………. 124
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 11.3.1.2 Anti-microbial packaging biofilm market is growing……………………………………… 129
▪ 11.3.1.3 Applications…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 130
▪ 11.3.1.4 Global market size and opportunity……………………………………………………………… 132
▪ 11.3.1.5 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………….. 136
▪ 11.3.1.6 Product developer profiles…………………………………………………………………………… 138
▪ 11.3.2 Aerospace and aviation……………………………………………………………………………………. 138
▪ 11.3.2.1 Market drivers and trends……………………………………………………………………………. 138
▪ 11.3.2.2 Applications…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 140
▪ 11.3.2.3 Global market size and opportunity……………………………………………………………… 142
▪ 11.3.2.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………….. 145
▪ 11.3.3 Automotive……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 146
▪ 11.3.3.1 Market drivers and trends……………………………………………………………………………. 146
▪ 11.3.3.2 Applications…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 149
▪ 11.3.3.3 Global market size and opportunity……………………………………………………………… 151
▪ 11.3.3.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………….. 155
▪ 11.3.3.5 Product developer profiles…………………………………………………………………………… 156
▪ 11.3.4 Construction & building……………………………………………………………………………………. 157
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 11.3.4.1 Market drivers and trends……………………………………………………………………………. 157
▪ 11.3.4.2 Applications…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 159
▪ 11.3.4.3 Global market size and opportunity……………………………………………………………… 159
▪ 11.3.4.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………….. 162
▪ 11.3.4.5 Product developer profiles…………………………………………………………………………… 163
12 PAPER & BOARD………………………………………………………………… 167 ▪ 12.1 Market drivers and
trends………………………………………………………………………………………… 167
▪ 12.1.1 Environmental………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 167
▪ 12.1.2 Need to develop innovative new products in the paper and board industry……… 167
▪ 12.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 167
▪ 12.2.1 Paper packaging………………………………………………………………………………………………. 169
▪ 12.2.2 Paper coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 169
▪ 12.2.3 Anti-microbials…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 169
▪ 12.3 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 170
▪ 12.3.1 Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board…………….. 171
▪ 12.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 173
▪ 12.5 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 174
13 TEXTILES……………………………………………………………………………. 176
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 13.1 Market drivers and trends………………………………………………………………………………………… 176
▪ 13.1.1 Growth in the wearable electronics market………………………………………………………. 176
▪ 13.1.2 Growth in the market for anti-microbial textiles………………………………………………… 176
▪ 13.1.3 Need to improve the properties of cloth or fabric materials………………………………. 177
▪ 13.1.4 Environmental and regulatory………………………………………………………………………….. 178
▪ 13.1.5 Need for biodegradable sanitary products……………………………………………………….. 178
▪ 13.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 179
▪ 13.3 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 181
▪ 13.3.1 Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in textiles………………….. 181
▪ 13.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 182
▪ 13.5 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 183
14 MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE………………………………………………….. 184 ▪ 14.1 Market drivers and
trends………………………………………………………………………………………… 185
▪ 14.1.1 Improved drug delivery for cancer therapy………………………………………………………. 185
▪ 14.1.2 Shortcomings of chemotherapies…………………………………………………………………….. 185
▪ 14.1.3 Biocompatibility of medical implants………………………………………………………………… 185
▪ 14.1.4 Anti-biotic resistance………………………………………………………………………………………… 186
▪ 14.1.5 Growth in advanced woundcare market…………………………………………………………… 186
▪ 14.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 186
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 14.2.1 Drug delivery……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 187
▪ 14.2.2 Medical implants………………………………………………………………………………………………. 187
▪ 14.2.3 Tissue engineering…………………………………………………………………………………………… 188
▪ 14.2.4 Wound dressings……………………………………………………………………………………………… 188
▪ 14.2.5 Laterial flow immunosay labels………………………………………………………………………… 189
▪ 14.3 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 189
▪ 14.4 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 193
15 COATINGS, FILMS & PAINTS……………………………………………….. 195 ▪ 15.1 Market drivers and
trends………………………………………………………………………………………… 195
▪ 15.1.1 Sustainable coating systems and materials……………………………………………………… 195
▪ 15.1.2 Chemical to bio-based……………………………………………………………………………………… 195
▪ 15.1.3 Increased demand for abrasion and scratch resistant coatings……………………….. 196
▪ 15.1.4 Increased demand for UV-resistant coatings…………………………………………………… 196
▪ 15.1.5 Growth in superhydrophobic coatings market………………………………………………….. 197
▪ 15.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 198
▪ 15.2.1 Abrasion and scratch resistance………………………………………………………………………. 198
▪ 15.2.2 Wood coatings…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 199
▪ 15.2.3 Anti-counterfeiting films……………………………………………………………………………………. 199
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 15.2.4 Gas barriers……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 199
▪ 15.3 Global market size……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 199
▪ 15.3.1 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………. 205
▪ 15.3.1.1 High viscosity………………………………………………………………………………………………. 205
▪ 15.3.1.2 Moisture sorption…………………………………………………………………………………………. 205
▪ 15.3.1.3 Durability……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 205
▪ 15.3.1.4 Dispersion……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 206
▪ 15.3.1.5 Transparency………………………………………………………………………………………………. 206
▪ 15.3.1.6 Production, scalability and cost……………………………………………………………………. 206
▪ 15.4 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 207
16 AEROGELS…………………………………………………………………………. 208 ▪ 16.1 Market drivers and
trends………………………………………………………………………………………… 208
▪ 16.1.1 Energy efficiency……………………………………………………………………………………………… 208
▪ 16.1.2 Demand for environmentally-friendly, lightweight materials……………………………… 208
▪ 16.2 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 208
▪ 16.3 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 210
▪ 16.3.1 Thermal insulation……………………………………………………………………………………………. 210
▪ 16.3.2 Medical…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 210
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 16.3.3 Shape memory………………………………………………………………………………………………… 211
▪ 16.4 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 211
17 OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION………………………………………………. 212 ▪ 17.1 Market drivers and
trends………………………………………………………………………… 212 ▪ 17.1.1 Need to reduce operating costs and improve operation
efficiency…………………… 212 ▪ 17.1.2 Increased demands of drilling
environments……………………………………………………. 213 ▪ 17.1.3 Increased exploration in extreme
environments………………………………………………. 214 ▪ 17.1.4 Environmental and
regulatory………………………………………………………………………….. 214
▪ 17.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 215
▪ 17.2.1 Oil and fracking drilling fluids……………………………………………………………………………. 216
▪ 17.2.2 Extraction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 217
▪ 17.3 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 217
▪ 17.3.1 Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas………………………………. 218
▪ 17.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 220
▪ 17.5 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 221
18 FILTRATION AND SEPARATION………………………………………….. 222 ▪ 18.1 Market drivers and
trends………………………………………………………………………………………… 222
▪ 18.1.1 Need for improved membrane technology……………………………………………………….. 222
▪ 18.1.2 Water shortage and population growth…………………………………………………………….. 223
▪ 18.1.3 Need for improved and low cost membrane technology………………………………….. 224
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 18.1.4 Need for improved groundwater treatment technologies………………………………….. 225
▪ 18.1.5 Cost and efficiency…………………………………………………………………………………………… 225
▪ 18.1.6 Growth in the air filter market…………………………………………………………………………… 225
▪ 18.1.7 Need for environmentally, safe filters……………………………………………………………….. 226
▪ 18.1.8 Recyclability of polymer membranes……………………………………………………………….. 226
▪ 18.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 226
▪ 18.2.1 Water filtration………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 228
▪ 18.2.2 Air filtration……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 228
▪ 18.2.3 Virus filtration…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 229
▪ 18.3 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 230
▪ 18.3.1 Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration…………………………………………….. 231
▪ 18.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 234
▪ 18.5 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 234
19 RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS……………………………………………………… 236 ▪ 19.1 Applications…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………… 236 ▪ 19.1.1 Food…………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………… 237 ▪ 19.1.2 Pharmaceuticals…………………………………………………
……………………………………………. 237 ▪ 19.1.3 Cosmetics…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………… 237 ▪ 19.2 Product developer
profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 238
20 PRINTED AND FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS……………………………… 239
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 20.1 Market drivers and trends………………………………………………………………………………………… 239
▪ 20.1.1 Environmental………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 239
▪ 20.1.2 Flexible, wearable and paper electronics markets growing……………………………… 239
▪ 20.1.3 Need for improved barrier function…………………………………………………………………… 241
▪ 20.2 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 241
▪ 20.2.1 Wearable electronics……………………………………………………………………………………….. 242
▪ 20.2.1.1 Nanopaper…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 245
▪ 20.2.1.2 Paper memory……………………………………………………………………………………………… 247
▪ 20.2.2 Conductive inks……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 247
▪ 20.3 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 247
▪ 20.3.1 Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in printed and flexible electronics.. 250
▪ 20.4 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 252
▪ 20.4.1.1 Manufacturing……………………………………………………………………………………………… 252
▪ 20.4.1.2 Integration……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 252
▪ 20.4.1.3 Competing materials……………………………………………………………………………………. 253
▪ 20.5 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 253
21 3D PRINTING………………………………………………………………………. 254 ▪ 21.1 Market
drivers………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 254
▪ 21.1.1 Improved materials at lower cost……………………………………………………………………… 254
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ 21.1.2 Limitations of current thermoplastics……………………………………………………………….. 254
▪ 21.2 Global market size and opportunity………………………………………………………………………….. 255
▪ 21.2.1 Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in 3D printing………………………………. 256
▪ 21.3 Market challenges……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 257
▪ 21.4 Product developer profiles……………………………………………………………………………………….. 257
22 CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS COMPANY PROFILES…………………………….. 258-342 (24 company profiles including production capactities, products, production processes, commercial applications, collaborations, target markets and contact details).
22.4 OTHER PRODUCERS AND APPLICATION DEVELOPERS…………………………………… 343-359 (30 company profiles) 23 MAIN NANOCELLULOSE RESEARCH CENTRES…………………… 360-371 (23 profiles) 24 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………….. 373
TABLES ▪ Table 1: Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter,
usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
▪ Table 2: Markets and applications for nanocellulose………………………………………………………………….. 33
▪ Table 3: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose, by application………………………………… 36
▪ Table 4: Nanocellulose production plants worldwide and production status……………………………….. 40
▪ Table 5: Current and planned production capacities, by major suppliers, pilot/pre-commercial and commercial volumes……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
▪ Table 6: Cellulose nanofiber products in Japan………………………………………………………………………….. 47
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Table 7: Potential volume estimates (tons) and penetration of cellulose nanofibers into key markets………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 50
▪ Table 9: Nanocellulose properties………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65
▪ Table 10: Applications of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC)……………………………………………………………….. 65
▪ Table 11: Production methods of NFC producers………………………………………………………………………. 67
▪ Table 12: Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)………………………………………………………….. 70
▪ Table 13: Applications of bacterial cellulose (BC)……………………………………………………………………….. 71
▪ Table 14: Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 71
▪ Table 15: Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
▪ Table 16: Nanofibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
▪ Table 17: Cellulose nanocrystals (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 73
▪ Table 18: Cellulose nanocrystals (MFC) preparation methods, resulting materials and applications………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74
▪ Table 19: Properties and applications of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………. 75
▪ Table 20: Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials…………… 77
▪ Table 21: Nanocellulose nanocrystal sources and scale…………………………………………………………….. 78
▪ Table 22: Nanofibrillated cellulose production methods……………………………………………………………… 80
▪ Table 23: Cellulose nanocrystals (NCC) production methods…………………………………………………….. 80
▪ Table 24: Cellulose nanofiber market structure…………………………………………………………………………… 81
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Table 25: Current and potential end users for cellulose nanofibers, by market and company……. 86
▪ Table 26: SWOT analysis of cellulose nanofibers………………………………………………………………………. 88
▪ Table 27: Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose……………………………………………………………………… 91
▪ Table 28: Potential high volume impact of cellulose nanofiber and likelihood of market impact…. 96
▪ Table 29: Production capacities of CNF producers per annum in tons, current and planned……. 100
▪ Table 30: Markets and applications for cellulose nanofibers…………………………………………………….. 102
▪ Table 31: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanofiber producers…………………………….. 105
▪ Table 32: Published patent publications for nanocellulose, 1997-2013…………………………………….. 108
▪ Table 33: Nanocellulose patents as of May 2015……………………………………………………………………… 108
▪ Table 34: Research publications on nanocellulose materials and composites, 1996-2013………. 109
▪ Table 35: Nanocellulose patents by organisation……………………………………………………………………… 110
▪ Table 36: Nanocellulose patents by organisation, 2014……………………………………………………………. 111
▪ Table 37: Main patent assignees for NCC, as of May 2015……………………………………………………… 112
▪ Table 38: Main patent assignees for NFC, as of May 2015………………………………………………………. 112
▪ Table 39: Main patent assignees for BCC, as of May 2015………………………………………………………. 112
▪ Table 40: Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials……………………….. 117
▪ Table 41: Equivalent cost of nanocellulose and competitive materials in polymer composites…. 119
▪ Table 42: Applications of nanocellulose in polymer composites by cellulose type……………………. 119
▪ Table 43: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the polymer composites market……………………. 119
▪ Table 44: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in composites………………………………………. 120
▪ Table 45: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in composites……………………. 121
▪ Table 46: Limitations of cellulose nanofibers in the development of nanocomposites………………. 121
▪ Table 47: Application markets, competing materials, cellulose nanofibers advantages and current market size in
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
composites…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 122
▪ Table 48: Demand for cellulose nanofibers the composites market, 2015-2027 (tons)…………….. 123
▪ Table 49: Examples of antimicrobial immobilization into cellulose nanofibers………………………….. 129
▪ Table 50: Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum based materials and other polymers…………………………………………………… 131
▪ Table 51: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in biopackaging……………………………………. 132
▪ Table 52: Application markets, competing materials, NFC advantages and current market size in packaging…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 133
▪ Table 53: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in biopackaging…………………. 135
▪ Table 54:Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the biopackaging market, 2015-2027 (tons)………. 136
▪ Table 55: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the biopackaging market………….. 137
▪ Table 56: Companies developing nanocellulose products in bio packaging, applications targeted and stage of commercialization………………………………………………………………………………………….. 138
▪ Table 57: Applications in aerospace composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof…. 140
▪ Table 58: Nanomaterials in the aerospace market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact………………………………………………………………………………………………… 142
▪ Table 59: Market size for nanocellulose in aerospace and aviation………………………………………….. 143
▪ Table 60: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the aerospace and aviaton market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 145
▪ Table 61: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the aerospace market……………… 145
▪ Table 62: Applications of natural fiber composites in vehicles by manufacturers……………………… 148
▪ Table 63: Application markets, competing materials, cellulose nanofibers advantages and current market size in the automotive sector…………………………………………………………………………………… 151
▪ Table 64: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive sector………………………. 152
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Table 65: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive industry…. 153
▪ Table 66: Market size for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive industry………………………………… 153
▪ Table 67: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………. 154
▪ Table 68: Applications and commercilization challenges for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive market…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 155
▪ Table 69: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive market……………… 155
▪ Table 70: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in the automotive industry, applications targeted and stage of commercialization………………………………………………………… 156
▪ Table 71: Comparison of nanocellulose with steel and other materials…………………………………….. 159
▪ Table 72: Market size for cellulose nanofibers in construction and civil engineering………………… 159
▪ Table 73: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the construction, building protection and exterior coatings market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.. 160
▪ Table 74: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the construction and building market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 161
▪ Table 75: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the construction, building protection and architectural exterior coatings market………………………………………………………………………….. 162
▪ Table 76: Cellulose nanofibers in polymer composites-Companies and products……………………. 163
▪ Table 77: Cellulose nanofibers applications timeline in the paper and board markets……………… 167
▪ Table 78: Global packaging market, billions US$……………………………………………………………………… 170
▪ Table 79: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in paper and board……………. 171
▪ Table 80: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the paper and board market, 2015-2017 (tons)… 173
▪ Table 81: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the paper and board market…….. 174
▪ Table 82: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paper and board, applications targeted and stage of commercialization…………………………………………………………………………….. 174
▪ Table 83: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
nanomaterials……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 179
▪ Table 84: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in textiles…………………………… 181
▪ Table 85: Potential volume estimates (tons) and penetration of cellulose nanofibers into textiles. 181
▪ Table 86: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in textiles……………………………………………… 182
▪ Table 87: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the textiles and apparel market.. 183
▪ Table 88: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in textiles, applications targeted and stage of commercialization…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 183
▪ Table 89: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in the medical and healthcare markets…….. 186
▪ Table 90: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the drug formulation and delivery market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact……………… 189
▪ Table 91: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in medical implants and devices market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact…………………………. 191
▪ Table 92: Cellulose nanofibers opportunity in the wound care market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact……………………………………………………………. 192
▪ Table 93: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the medical and healthcare market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 193
▪ Table 94: Cellulose nanofibers product developers in medical and healthcare applications…….. 193
▪ Table 95: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the coatings and paints markets…………………… 198
▪ Table 96: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in coatings and films……………………………. 201
▪ Table 97: Application markets, competing materials, cellulose nanofibers advantages and current market size in coatings and films………………………………………………………………………………………… 202
▪ Table 98: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in coatings and films…………. 203
▪ Table 99: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the paint and coatings market, 2015-2017 (tons). 204
▪ Table 100: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the coatings and films market… 206
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Table 101: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers products in paper coatings and non-packaging coating products, applications targeted and stage of commercialization…………… 207
▪ Table 102: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the aerogels market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………… 209
▪ Table 103: Cellulose nanofibers applications timeline in the aerogels market………………………….. 210
▪ Table 104: Cellulose nanofibers product developers in aerogels……………………………………………… 211
▪ Table 105: Cellulose nanofibers applications timeline in the oil market……………………………………. 215
▪ Table 106: Application markets, competing materials, cellulose nanofibers advantages and current market size in oil and gas……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 218
▪ Table 107: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in oil and gas……………………………………… 218
▪ Table 108: Cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact…………………………………………………………………………………………. 219
▪ Table 109: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas exploration market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 220
▪ Table 110: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas exploration market…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 220
▪ Table 111: Cellulose nanofibers product developers in oil and gas exploration……………………….. 221
▪ Table 112: Types of filtration…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 222
▪ Table 113: CNF membranes…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 224
▪ Table 114: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the filtration market……………………………………… 226
▪ Table 115: Application markets, competing materials, cellulose nanofibers advantages and current market size in filtration………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 231
▪ Table 116: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in filtration………………………………………….. 231
▪ Table 117: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration industry……. 232
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Table 118: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………….. 233
▪ Table 119: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market………………… 234
▪ Table 120: Companies developing cellulose nanofiber products in filtration, applications targeted and stage of commercialization………………………………………………………………………………………….. 235
▪ Table 121: Cellulose nanofibers applications timeline in the rheology modifiers market…………… 236
▪ Table 122: Commercial activity in cellulose nanofiber rheology modifiers………………………………… 238
▪ Table 123: Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)……………………. 240
▪ Table 124: Cellulose nanofiber applications timeline in flexible electronics………………………………. 241
▪ Table 125: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films………………………………………. 245
▪ Table 126: Global market for wearables, 2014-2021, units and US$……………………………………….. 248
▪ Table 127: Application markets, competing materials, Cellulose nanofibers advantages and current market size in electronics……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 250
▪ Table 128: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in the flexible and printed electronics sector…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 250
▪ Table 129: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in flexible electronics………. 251
▪ Table 130: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the printed and flexible electronics market…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 253
▪ Table 131: Companies developing cellulose nanofiber products in paper electronics, applications targeted and stage of commercialization…………………………………………………………………………….. 253
▪ Table 132: Application markets, competing materials, cellulose nanofibers advantages and current market size in 3D printing……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 255
▪ Table 133: Market assessment for cellulose nanofibers in 3D printing……………………………………… 256
▪ Table 134: Market opportunity assessment for cellulose nanofibers in 3D printing…………………… 256
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Table 135: Market challenges rating for cellulose nanofibers in the 3D printing market……………. 257
▪ Table 136: Companies developing cellulose nanofibers 3D printing products,…………………………. 257
▪ Table 137: Nanocellulose producers and types of nanocellulose produced……………………………… 258
▪ Table 138: Target market, by nanocellulose producer……………………………………………………………… 259
FIGURES ▪ Figure 1: CNF wet powder………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39 ▪ Figure 2: Cellulose nanofiber transparent sheet…………………………………………………………………………. 43 ▪ Figure 3: CNF transparent sheet………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45 ▪ Figure 4: Running shoes incorporating cellulose nanofibers………………………………………………………. 46 ▪ Figure 5: Ballpoint pen incorporating cellulose nanofibers………………………………………………………….. 47 ▪ Figure 6: Onkyo speakers, incorporating CNF……………………………………………………………………………. 48 ▪ Figure 7: Daio Paper toilet wipes………………………………………………………………………………………………… 49 ▪ Figure 8: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE)…………………………………….. 49 ▪ Figure 9: Cellulose nanofibers market, by type, 2015–2027 (Tons)……………………………………………. 51 ▪ Figure 10: Cellulose nanofiber market by region, 2017………………………………………………………………. 53 ▪ Figure 11: Cellulose nanofiber market by region, 2027………………………………………………………………. 54 ▪ Figure 12: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit……………………………………………………. 61 ▪ Figure 13: Scale of cellulose materials……………………………………………………………………………………….. 62 ▪ Figure 14: Types of nanocellulose………………………………………………………………………………………………. 64 ▪ Figure 15: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses…………………………………………….. 64
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Figure 16: TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals………………………………………………………………………… 69 ▪ Figure 17: Main steps involved in the preparation of NCC………………………………………………………….. 79 ▪ Figure 18: Schematic of typical commercialization route for cellulose nanofiber producer…………. 81 ▪ Figure 19: Volume of industry demand for nanocellulose by cellulose nanofiber producer sales, 2016……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 85 ▪ Figure 20: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for cellulose nanofibers…………………………………….. 99 ▪ Figure 21: Production volumes of cellulose nanofibers 2017, by region…………………………………… 102 ▪ Figure 22: Nanocellulose patents by field of application, 2013………………………………………………… 110 ▪ Figure 23: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the composites market, 2015-2027 (tons)……….. 123 ▪ Figure 24: Example process for producing NFC packaging film……………………………………………….. 128 ▪ Figure 25: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the biopackaging market, 2015-2017 (tons)…….. 136 ▪ Figure 26: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the aerospace and aviaton market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 144 ▪ Figure 27: Nanomaterials-based automotive components………………………………………………………… 149 ▪ Figure 28: NFC composite………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 151 ▪ Figure 29: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the automotive market, 2015-2017 (tons)………… 154 ▪ Figure 30: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the construction and building market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 161 ▪ Figure 31: Paper and board global demand……………………………………………………………………………… 171 ▪ Figure 32: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the paper and board market, 2015-2017 (tons).. 173 ▪ Figure 33: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the medical and healthcare market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 192
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Figure 34: Global Paints and Coatings Market, share by end user market……………………………….. 200 ▪ Figure 35: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the paints and coatings market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 204 ▪ Figure 36: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the aerogels market, 2015-2017 (tons)……………. 209 ▪ Figure 37: Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery. 216 ▪ Figure 38: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the oil and gas exploration market, 2015-2017 (tons)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 219 ▪ Figure 39: Nanocellulose virus filter paper………………………………………………………………………………… 230 ▪ Figure 40: Demand for cellulose nanofibers in the filtration market, 2015-2017 (tons)……………… 233 ▪ Figure 41: Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials………………………………………. 242 ▪ Figure 42: Cellulose nanofiber films…………………………………………………………………………………………. 243 ▪ Figure 43: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper…………………………………………………………………… 244 ▪ Figure 44: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF………………………………… 245 ▪ Figure 45: Foldable nanopaper…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 246 ▪ Figure 46: Foldable nanopaper antenna…………………………………………………………………………………… 246 ▪ Figure 47: Paper memory (ReRAM)…………………………………………………………………………………………. 247 ▪ Figure 48: Global market revenues for smart wearable devices 2014-2021, in US$………………… 248 ▪ Figure 49: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart wearable devices 2014-2021 in US$, conservative estimate………………………………………………………………………………………………… 249 ▪ Figure 50: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart wearable devices 2014-2021 in US$, optimistic estimate……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 249
The Global Market for Cellulose Nanofibers
© Future Markets, Inc. 2017 All rights reserved.
▪ Figure 51: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet………………………………………………………………………………….. 265 ▪ Figure 52: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric………………………………. 266 ▪ Figure 53: Nonwoven fabric made from CNF……………………………………………………………………………. 267 ▪ Figure 54: Rheocrysta spray…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 288 ▪ Figure 55: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp……………………………………………………………………. 301 ▪ Figure 56: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic……………………………………………………………….. 301 ▪ Figure 57: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers……………………………………………………………………. 302 ▪ Figure 58: CNF transparent film……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 305 ▪ Figure 59: CNF wet powder……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 306 ▪ Figure 60: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF………………………………………………………….. 333 ▪ Figure 61: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film……………… 338