The Geographer’s Tools Copyright 1996-2001 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.
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Transcript of The Geographer’s Tools Copyright 1996-2001 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.
The Geographer’s Tools
Copyright 1996-2001 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.
Globe
• Three-dimensional representation of the earth
– not easily portable
– we can only see half of it at a time
Map• Two-dimensional graphic
representation of selected parts of the earth’s surface.
– Distorts the earth when flattened
Cartographer: A person who makes maps
• Map Projection
– A way of drawing the Earth’s surface by presenting a round Earth on a flat paper.
Planar/Azimuthal
• Projection on a flat surface.
– Distorts shape and size
Conical• Projection onto a cone
– Usually shows east to west
– Distorts land at edges
Mercator (compromise)
• Projection onto a cylinder
– Shows entire earth on one map
– Places are distorted at the poles and compressed near the equator
Homolosine
• “Interrupted map”
– Accurate shapes and sizes
– cannot measure distances correctly
Robinson• Oval with top and bottom edges cut off
– Accurate size and shape
– Places near poles appear flat
Peter’s projection• Distorts shape
• Size more accurate
North isn’t UP?
N
Early maps:
ACTIVITY
• MENTAL MAPS
Important to know:
• Maps have different purposes.
– Geographer’s use a map for the job their doing
• Airplane pilot
• Contractor
• Teacher
Physical Map
• A two dimensional representation of the natural features of the earth
Political Map
• A two dimensional representation of the states and countries of the earth.
Surveying
• Observing
• Measuring and recording what is seen in a specific area in order to make a map
Landsat
• A series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above the Earth and collect geographic data.
Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES)
• Weather Satellite
Global Positioning System (GPS)
•Uses 24 satellites called Navstars which beam information to the earth to give the exact position (lat, long, time) to a hand-held receiver.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Stores information about the world in a digital database.
– Combine info. From variety of sources
– Display allows user to visualize the use of space
– #1 tool of Geographers. $$$
ACTIVITY
• SKETCH MAPS