Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.

FOCUSFOCUS

TIP For additional advice seeDale Carnegie Training®Presentation Guidelines.

www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalogwww.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog

Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL FOCUSFOCUS

www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalogwww.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog

Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL Tagalog Grammar - VERBAL FOCUSFOCUS

Actor Focus Verbal affixesActor Focus Verbal affixes

• Indicate that the focus (actor) of the Indicate that the focus (actor) of the sentence is doing the action of the sentence is doing the action of the verb verb

• The -UM- VerbThe -UM- Verb

• The MAG- VerbThe MAG- Verb

• The MA- VerbThe MA- Verb

The –UM VerbsThe –UM Verbs

This verb is formed by attaching the infix This verb is formed by attaching the infix --UM-UM- to the verb root. The to the verb root. The -UM--UM- affix affix always comes right before the first vowel always comes right before the first vowel of the root word. (samples are in the past of the root word. (samples are in the past tense/perfective aspect)tense/perfective aspect)– Kumain (kain)Kumain (kain)

– Umalis (alis)Umalis (alis)

– Tumakbo (takbo)Tumakbo (takbo)

– Pumunta (punta)Pumunta (punta)

A major affix that is usually found in verbs A major affix that is usually found in verbs denoting casual action and/or action not denoting casual action and/or action not involving movement of an object external involving movement of an object external to the actor.to the actor.

Designates actor’s movement from one Designates actor’s movement from one place to anotherplace to another

Does not occur with roots/base words Does not occur with roots/base words beginning with m or wbeginning with m or w

Sample sentences Sample sentences

• Kumain siya kagabi.Kumain siya kagabi.

• Pumunta si Ate Marvs sa Nevada, Pumunta si Ate Marvs sa Nevada, Arizona, at California noong Arizona, at California noong Disyembre.Disyembre.

• Umalis ang tatay kanina.Umalis ang tatay kanina.

Your Sample SentencesYour Sample Sentences

Mag- VerbsMag- Verbs

These verbs are formed by attaching the These verbs are formed by attaching the prefix prefix MAG- MAG- to the verb root. Because to the verb root. Because MAGMAG- is a prefix, it is always attached to - is a prefix, it is always attached to the front of the word. the front of the word.

Magbigay (bigay) – to giveMagbigay (bigay) – to give

Magluto (luto) – to cookMagluto (luto) – to cook

Maglaro (laro) – to playMaglaro (laro) – to play

Maghanda (handa) – to prepareMaghanda (handa) – to prepare

A major actor focus affix that connotes A major actor focus affix that connotes deliberate action involving movement of an deliberate action involving movement of an object external to the actor. In a sentence, object external to the actor. In a sentence, this verb requires a object or ng phrase.this verb requires a object or ng phrase.

Used in verbalization of borrowed wordsUsed in verbalization of borrowed words

magbusmagbus

magkompyutermagkompyuter

magbasketbolmagbasketbol

Sample Sentences Sample Sentences (Past/Perfective)(Past/Perfective)

• Nagbasketbol siya kapahon.Nagbasketbol siya kapahon.

• Nagbigay si Mila ng mga regalo sa Nagbigay si Mila ng mga regalo sa mga bata noong Pasko.mga bata noong Pasko.

• Nagluto ang nanay ng pansit Nagluto ang nanay ng pansit kagabi.kagabi.

Sample verbs that will take Sample verbs that will take both um and mag affixesboth um and mag affixes

• Magbasa – bumasaMagbasa – bumasa

• Magsulat – sumulatMagsulat – sumulat

• Magsayaw – sumayawMagsayaw – sumayaw

Your Sample SentencesYour Sample Sentences

Ma VerbsMa Verbs

• This is verb that is used as an actor affix and in rare This is verb that is used as an actor affix and in rare instances as an object affix.instances as an object affix.

• It is also a prefix.It is also a prefix.

– Matulog – tulog – to sleepMatulog – tulog – to sleep

– Maligo – ligo – to batheMaligo – ligo – to bathe

– Matuto – tuto - to learnMatuto – tuto - to learn

– Makinig – kinig – to listenMakinig – kinig – to listen

– Mahuli – huli – to be lateMahuli – huli – to be late

– Nanood – nood – to view or to watchNanood – nood – to view or to watch

• Used with inactive verbsUsed with inactive verbs

• As an Object affix (very rare)As an Object affix (very rare)– Makita – kita – to seeMakita – kita – to see

• Nakita niya si Ben. (past) Nakita niya si Ben. (past) He/She saw BenHe/She saw Ben..

– Mahalata – halata – to noticeMahalata – halata – to notice• Nahalata ni Ben na galit ang tatay. Nahalata ni Ben na galit ang tatay.

Ben noticed that father is angry.Ben noticed that father is angry.

Your Sample SentencesYour Sample Sentences

Objects Focus Verbal Objects Focus Verbal AffixesAffixes

These affixes indicate that the focus These affixes indicate that the focus of the sentence is the object of the sentence is the object (receiver of the action). (receiver of the action).

I verbsI verbs

In verbsIn verbs

An VerbsAn Verbs

I- AffixI- Affix

• Often denotes action affecting the Often denotes action affecting the position of the goal but not causing position of the goal but not causing a change in its structure. a change in its structure.

• This is usually the object affix This is usually the object affix counterpart of mag- verbscounterpart of mag- verbs

• Itapon – to throwItapon – to throw

• Iuwi – to take homeIuwi – to take home

• Iakyat – to bring up/to take upIakyat – to bring up/to take up

• Ialok – to offerIalok – to offer

• Ilabas – to take outIlabas – to take out

Command formCommand form

• Itapon mo Itapon mo ang basuraang basura sa labas. sa labas.

• Iuwi ninyo Iuwi ninyo ang ulamang ulam para kay para kay nanay.nanay.

• Ilabas mo Ilabas mo ang daingang daing kasi mabaho. kasi mabaho.

Your Sample SentencesYour Sample Sentences

-In verbal affix-In verbal affix

• Denotes action radically affecting the goal/object Denotes action radically affecting the goal/object such as those causing the change in its structuresuch as those causing the change in its structure

• It is a suffix; i.e. it is added at the end of the root.It is a suffix; i.e. it is added at the end of the root.

• Usually it is the object counterpart of –um.Usually it is the object counterpart of –um.

– Inumin – inom – to drinkInumin – inom – to drink

– Lutuin – luto – to drinkLutuin – luto – to drink

– Tapusin – tapos – to finishTapusin – tapos – to finish

*** in suffixation o changes to u*** in suffixation o changes to u

Cooking verbsCooking verbs

• Tadtarin – tadtad – to chopTadtarin – tadtad – to chop

• Hiwain – hiwa – to sliceHiwain – hiwa – to slice

• Haluin – halo – to mixHaluin – halo – to mix

Command FormCommand Form

• Haluin mo ang ulam.Haluin mo ang ulam.

• Inumin ninyo ang gatas sa mesa.Inumin ninyo ang gatas sa mesa.

• Tapusin mo ang “homework” sa Tapusin mo ang “homework” sa Tagalog.Tagalog.

• Lutuin mo ang isda.Lutuin mo ang isda.

Your Sample SentencesYour Sample Sentences

-An Affix-An Affix

• Typically denotes actions affecting the Typically denotes actions affecting the surface or appearance of the goal but not surface or appearance of the goal but not causing a change of its structurecausing a change of its structure

• It is a suffixIt is a suffix

• Denote movement in relation to a goalDenote movement in relation to a goal

• Denote action typically involving a human Denote action typically involving a human goalgoal

• Used in a few pseudo-verbsUsed in a few pseudo-verbs

• Affecting the appearance but not causing Affecting the appearance but not causing changechange– Hugasan – hugas – to washHugasan – hugas – to wash

– Walisan – walis – to sweepWalisan – walis – to sweep

– Bukasan/buksan – bukas – to openBukasan/buksan – bukas – to open

– Sarahan/ sarhan – sara – to closeSarahan/ sarhan – sara – to close

*** han is used if final letter of the root is a *** han is used if final letter of the root is a vowel avowel a

• Movement in relation to a goalMovement in relation to a goal– Abutan – abot – to pass something toAbutan – abot – to pass something to

– Dalahan/dalhan – dala – to bring Dalahan/dalhan – dala – to bring something tosomething to

– Lapitan – lapit – to approach someoneLapitan – lapit – to approach someone

– Puntahan – punta – to go toPuntahan – punta – to go to

– Upuan – upo – to sit down onUpuan – upo – to sit down on

• Action involving a human/animate Action involving a human/animate goalgoal– Halikan – halik – to kissHalikan – halik – to kiss

– Ngitian – ngiti- to smile atNgitian – ngiti- to smile at

– Tulungan – tulong – to helpTulungan – tulong – to help

Your sample sentences:Your sample sentences: