The general structure of bacteria -...
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The general structureof bacteria
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The uni-cellular organisms Viruses
– Herpes virus, HIV, influenza virus
The procaryotic organisms– Escherichia, Salmonella, Pseudomonas
– Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Neisseria
The eucaryotic organisms– Candida, Aspergillus, Trichophyton
– Entamoeba, Giardia, Plasmodium, Balantidium
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General structure of abacteria
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Electron micrography of abacteria cell
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The structure of an eucaryotic cell
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Comparison of prokaryot og eucaryot cells
with microtubuliwithout microtubuliFlageller
presentlackingEndoplasmaticreticulum
presentlackingGolgi apparatpresentlackingMitochondria
relatively largerelatively smallRibosomes
attached to chromosomes
lackingNucleosomesseveral linearsingle circularChromosomes
presentmanglerNuclear membrane10-100 µm1-10µmsize
EucaryoteProcaryote
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Common structures bacteria cell
proteintransfer DNA under conjugation
F or sex pili
DNAextrachromosomal DNAPlasmidsDNAgenetic materialChromosomes
carbohydrate, lipid, protein, salts
reservelager for nærings-stoffer
InclusionsRNA, proteinmake synthesis of proteinsRibosomes
permeabilitets barriere, transport, energy, enzymes
Cytoplasmicmembrane
peptidoglycanprotect, give form, stabilityCell wall
polysaccharidesattachment to surfaces, pro-tection against phagocytosis
Capsule
proteinattachment, protectionPiliproteinmovementFlagelKemisk opbygningFunction
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Flagella og pili hos en peritrikbevægelig bakterie
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Flagel typer
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Flagella of (a) Bacillus cerius, (b) Vibro cholerae and (c)
Bacillus brevis stained withflagel staining
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Sex-pili
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Electron micrography of flagella in Salmonella
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The function af pili/fimbriaein different bactaria
attach til mucous epithelial cells10-20Ps. aeruginosa
attach til mucous epithelial cells, protect against phagocytosis, antigen variability
?Streptococcuspyogenes (fimbriaeand M-protein)
attach til mucous epithelial cellsin the uro-genital tract
100-200N. gonorrhoeae
transfer DNA during conjugation1-4E. coli (F-pili)
attach til mucous epithelial cellsin the intestinal tract
100-200E. coli (alm. pili)
FunctionNo.
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Electron micrography of fimbriae and pili
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Mucoid colonies produced by abundant capsular production
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Cell surface of Gram-positive, Gram-negative and acid-fast
bacilli
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Peptido-glycan layer
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Peptidoglycan monomer
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Function of cytoplasmicmembrane
serve as– an osmotic and permeability barrier
provide place for– transport system for specific substances– specific enzyme systems
provide energi to the cell owing to – respiratory and photosyntetic electron
transport systems synthesize cell wall components
– peptidoglycan, lipids and proteins coordinate
– the replication and separation af DNA– formation of septum and cell division
provide chemotaxi
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Bacillus cereus with endospore
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Electron micrography of endospore
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Difference between vegetative celland endospore
resistantsensitiveMetyleneblåt farveresistantsensitiveLysozyme
highlowResistance againstradiation
highlowResistance againstchemicals and acids
highlowHeat resistant
lackingpresentSynthesis of macromolecules
lackingpresentEnzymes
refractiveNon-refractivemicroscopicappearance
thick spore layer and peptidoglycan wall
Gram-positive cellwall
SurfaceEndosporeVegetativ celle
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Different types og spores seen by light microscopy
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Bacteriophage transfer its geneticmaterial (DNA) into the bacteria
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Electron micrography of a bacteriophage
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A bacteriophage seeks out a bacteria
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The bacteriophage inject itsgenetic material into the bacteria
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The bacteria is destroyed due to the attach of a lysogenic
bacteriofage