Third Annual EMS R ESEARCH S UMMIT Third Annual EMS R ESEARCH S UMMIT.
The Future International Project at GSI - FAIR - F acility for A ntiproton and I on R esearch
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Transcript of The Future International Project at GSI - FAIR - F acility for A ntiproton and I on R esearch
The Future International Project at GSI -
FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
Walter F. Henning / GSI Darmstadt
CARE-HHH-APD, November 2004, CERN
GSI Darmstadt
Member of the Helmholtz Association
IntroductionBrief Description of FAIRAccelerator IssuesResearch GoalsSummary and Outlook
Other Presentations Related to FAIR
• G. Franchetti Space charge and optics studies for the GSI complex Session 2
• P. Spiller SIS100/300 and high-energy beam transport at FAIR Session 5
• G. Moritz Fast pulsed superconducting magnets for SIS and super SPS Session 5
• G. Rumolo Intensity limitations by combined and/or Session 6 unconventional impedance sources
UNILACSIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR
RESR
The Future International Facility at GSI: FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
100 m
ExistingExistingFuture ProjectFuture Project
UNILACSIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR
RESR
The Future International Facility at GSI: FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
100 m
ExistingExistingFuture ProjectFuture Project
Beams now: Z = 1 – 92(protons to uranium)up to 2 GeV/nucleonBeam cooling
Beams now: Z = 1 – 92(protons to uranium)up to 2 GeV/nucleonBeam cooling
Beams in the future:
Intensity: 100 – 1000 fold Species: Z = -1 – 92(anti-protons to uranium) Energies: up to 35 - 45 GeV/uPrecision: beam cooling
Beams in the future:
Intensity: 100 – 1000 fold Species: Z = -1 – 92(anti-protons to uranium) Energies: up to 35 - 45 GeV/uPrecision: beam cooling
3 Ionsources2 injectors
Heavy Ion Linac UNILAC (<20 MeV/u)
Heavy Ion SynchrotronSIS18 (2 GeV/u for A/q=2)
Fragment SeparatorFRS
ExperimentalStorage RingESR
Present GSI Accelerators
1GeV/u U + H
About 1000 nuclear residues
identified
A/Z-resolution ~10-3
Production of exotic nuclear beams by fragmentation
advantage:shortlived isotopes(T1/2< ms) accessible
electron collector electron gun
high voltage platform
magnetic fieldelectron beam
ion beam
electron collector electron gun
high voltage platform
magnetic field electron beam
ion beam
Electron-Beam Cooling of Energetic Ion Beams
G.I. Budker, At. En. 22 (1967) 346G.I. Budker, A.N. Skrinsky et al., IEEE NS-22 (1975) 2093
Schottky Frequency Spectrum
electron collector electron gun
high voltage platform
magnetic fieldelectron beam
ion beam
Storage Rings: Cooled Ion Beams
0.97 1 1.03rel. ion velocity v/v0
ion
inte
nsi
ty
before cooling
after cooling
Electron-Cooled Ion Beams:• highest phase space density• highest momentum resolution• smallest beam diameter• increased (collider) luminosity• sensitivity to low intensity• restoration of beam-target effects• precision mass measurements
Scheidenberger et al.
Primary Beams
• 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+
• Factor 100-1000 over present in intensity• 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons• 1010/s 238U73+ up to 35 GeV/u (up to 90 GeV protons)
Secondary Beams
•Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in intensity over present •Antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV
•Cooled beams•Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets
Key Technical Features
Storage and Cooler Rings
•Radioactive beams•e – A collider
•1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons
FAIR: Facility Characteristics
UNILACSIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR
RESR
ProductionTargets
Accelerator Physics and Technology for FAIR
Main R&D challengesSuperconducting, fast ramping synchrotron magnets
High gradient, low frequency RF cavities
Fast stochastic and electron cooling
Novel lattice/collimation design: Beam optics studies
Control of collective effects:Large scale simulation studies
Ultra high vacuumfor intense beams
HESR e-cooler
SIS 100 dipole magnet
CR compressor cavity
control of stripping losses
Desorption test-stand Working pointdiagram:Stabilityof intensebeams
SIS 100/300: Low loss designOr: how accurate do we need to simulate ?
1012/s 1.0 GeV/u U28+: 40 kW (1 TW)
1010/s 1 GeV/u U73+: 0.4 kW
SIS 18 average power (2004/2005):
SIS 100/300 average (peak) power:
SIS 100/300
SIS 18
Quenching/Lifetime of SC magnets: tolerable beam loss in the SC magnets: < 1 % Beam loss induced outgassing: Dynamic pressure below 5x1012 mbar requires < 1 %
Structure activation: Hands-on maintenance requires losses < 1 %
(Uncontrolled !) beam loss budget:
Experimental Setup for Ion Beam Induced Desorption Yield Measurements at GSI
sample holder
ion gauge
sector valve
RGA
conductance
collimator
fromaccelerator
TMP TSP
SIP
TMPcurrenttransformer
ion gauge
Since 2003: Systematic studies:4 experiments on over 20 different targets.
Experiments by: M. Bender, H. Kollmus, A. Krämer (GSI), E. Mahner (CERN)
0,1
1
10
100
1000
eff (
N2
equi
v.)
[mol
ecul
es/io
n]
Pb27+
Cr7+
C2+
316LN 304 Cupolished
Ag/Cu1m sputter
coated
Si Al
Dynamic Vacuum and Desorption Processes
Beam losses increase with number of injected ions (shorter beam life time due to stronger pressure bumps)
P. Spiller, December 20018.75 MeV/u U28+
beam loss induced
desorptionloss ≈ 104
50 Voltspace charge potential vacuum chamber wall
septum or collimator
U28+
U28+ U28+
XX
X
X
X
X
X
X
Xq+
q e
U(28+q)
loss
loss
X
lossX
ion induced desorption
x ≈ 1-10
HESR: Beam Dynamics IssuesLow momentum spread + high luminosity ?
1-15 GeV
Nmax=1012
<L>=2x1032 cm-2s-1
E=100 keV (p/p=10-5)
p
HESR
H2 (=0.08 g/cm3)70000 pellets/s
d=1 mm
Internal Target:
p
<ntarget> = 5x1015 cm-2
1 A, 8 MeV e-beam30 m cooling section0.5 T magnetic Field
Electron cooler:computer modeling of the interplay of:intrabeam scatteringtarget interactionelectron coolingrf fields (barrier,..)impedances/feedbackdynamic aperturetrapped particles
INTAS Project (April 2004):‘Advanced beam dynamics for storage rings’FZJ,GSI,ITEP,JINR,Kiev,TSL
Long-term phenomena (> 1 s) !
12 m
H- Cyclotron
30 m
Solenoid field
High voltage (8 MV) tank
HESR
Feasibility study of fast (‘seconds’) electron cooling for the HESR, Budker Institute, Novosibirsk, RUS
HESR Electron Cooler
1 A electron beam
ESR Cooler: 3 m, 300 kV
Antiproton Electron Cooling in the HESRMagnetized (!) cooling
Simulation of cooling dynamics:
New SIS 100/300 Synchrotron
R&D programm in rapidly cyclingsuperconducting magnets
Two synchrotrons in one tunnel(1080 m circumference)
Booster and compressor Stretcher and high energy ring
Nuclotron dipole magnet:B=2T, dB/dt=4T/s
RHIC type dipole magnet:B=4T 6T, dB/dt=1T/s
SIS 300
R&D in Superconducting Magnet Technology
SIS200/300 cos magnet
UNILACSIS
FRS
ESR
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR
RESR
SIS 300
SIS 100
GSI today
PANDA
El.Cooler
Atom.Phys.
CBM
Plasma Phys.
FLAIR
Low En. Expt.
High En. Expt.
NESR Expts
Antiproton Production Target
SIS18 Upgrade
Beamlines
The FAIR Project
UNILACSIS
FRS
ESR
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR
RESR
SIS 300
SIS 100
GSI today
PANDA
El.Cooler
Atom.Phys.
CBM
Plasma Phys.
FLAIR
Low En. Expt.
High En. Expt.
NESR Expts
Antiproton Production Target
SIS18 Upgrade
Beamlines
The FAIR Project
• Nuclear Structure Physics and Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Ion-Beams
• Hadron Physics with Antiprotons
• Physics of Nuclear Matter with Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Physics of Dense Plasmas with Highly Bunched Laser and Ion Beams
• Atomic Physics, Fundamental Symmetries and Applied Sciences
• Accelerator Physics
0% 50% 100%
Radioactive Beams
Nucleus-NucleusCollisions
Antiprotons
Plasma-Physics
100 Tm Ring
300 Tm Ring
Collector & Storage Ring
High-Energy Storage Ring
Nucleus-Nucleus 100 sec
RadioactiveBeams
PlasmaPhysics
Antiprotons
Duty-Cycles of the Accelerator RingsDuty-Cycles of the Accelerator Rings Duty-Cycles of the Physics ProgramsDuty-Cycles of the Physics Programs
Parallel Operation
SIS 300
Proton-rich nuclei•Proton radioactivity•Proton - neutron pairing•Isospin symmetry•Tests of standard model and symmetries•Nucleosynthesis
Neutron-rich nuclei•Neutron drip line•Shell quenching•Skins and halos•Loosley bound systems•Soft collective modes•Nucleosynthesis
Superheavy elements•Shell stabilization•Long-lived nuclei
Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei – Radioactive Beams at FAIRStructure and Dynamics of Nuclei – Radioactive Beams at FAIR
Pro
ton
nu
mb
er
Z
Accreting white dwarf
Nova Cygni 1992
Sun
Elements in our solar system
Neutron number N
Nuclear Physics in the Universe
Physics program at the High Energy Antiproton Storage Ring (HESR)
Physics program at the High Energy Antiproton Storage Ring (HESR)
J/ spectroscopy confinement
hidden and open charm in nuclei
glueballs (ggg) hybrids (ccg)
strange and charmed baryons in nuclear fields
inverted deeply virtual Compton scattering
CP-violation (D/ - sector)
fundamental symmetries:
antiprotons in traps (FLAIR)
New proposals: ASSIA, PAX (pol. target; pol. p – beams)
comparison e+e- versus ppcomparison e+e- versus pp
e+e- interactions: only 1-- states formed other states populated in secondary decays (moderate mass resolution)
pp reactions: all states directly formed (very good mass resolution)
production of 1,2
'ee
2,1
/J ee
formation of 1,2
/J ee
2,1pp
Crystall Ball
E 760 (Fermilab)
m (beam) = 0.5 MeV
Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma – Relativistic Nuclear Beams at FAIR
Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma – Relativistic Nuclear Beams at FAIR
QCD- Phase Diagram
study of compressed baryonic / strange matter in nucleus-nucleuscollisions up to laboratory energies of 35 AGeV
important probe: dilepton pairs
SIS 100/300SIS 100/300
SIS AGS CERN SPS
optimum production ofbaryons with strange quarks
maximum compressionin heavy-ion collisions
threshold for strange quarks
threshold forantiprotons
threshold forcharm quarks
1 10 100
ion energy [AGeV]
nucl
ear
mat
ter
den
sity
(bl
ue c
urve
)
Rel
.pro
duct
ion
of s
tran
ge
qua
rks
(re
d cu
rve)
NN Collisions at 2-40 AGeVNN Collisions at 2-40 AGeV
SIS 18
Ion BeamHeating
Jupiter
Sun Surface
Magnetic Fusion
solid statedensity
Tem
pera
ture
[eV
]
Density [cm-3]
LaserHeating
PHELIX
Ideal plasmas
Strongly coupled
plasmas
Sun Core
InertialCofinement
Fusion
High Power Density in Matter – Physics of Dense Plasma
High Power Density in Matter – Physics of Dense Plasma
SIS 100
U92+
2. Extreme Dynamic Fields
0 87 94 97 98Percent of Light Velocity
Atomic Physics
t 0.1 as
I 1021 W/cm2
MHz
b ~ 106 fm
COSTS (CDR Year-2000 Euros)
Building and infrastructure: 225 Mio. € Accelerator: 265 Mio. €
Experimental stations / detectors: 185 Mio. €
Total: 675 Mio. €
SCHEDULE
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Nuclear structurephysics
Antiproton physics
Nuclear matterresearch
Atomic physics
Plasma research
Materials research
Radiation biology
Accelerator physics New facilityGSI today
Users interest
Users, Costs and SchedulesEstimates from July 2001
Kostenprofil Stufen 1-2-3
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
140,0
160,0
180,0
200,0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Sum Stage 1
Sum Stage 2
Sum Stage 3
Cost Profile for Stages 1 - 2 - 3
...a FAIR Perspective...