The Future & Applications of GIS
Transcript of The Future & Applications of GIS
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The Future & Applications of GIS
…if I really knew, would I still be here?
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Uses of GIS: no change
The primary three:• manage data• analyze data• communicate informationBUT• relative importance shifting• implementation technology changing
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Changing Emphases:
From Data to Analysis
75%Data Conversion:
10-15%Attribute Tagging
Spatial 5% Analysis
Data Conversion
Spatial Analysis
Attribute Tagging
Past Present/Future
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Changing EmphasesFrom Description to Simulation & Modeling
Past
Picture worth athousand words:
maps & diagrams ofhow is, or how was
Web portals serve static data sets
Future
Visual simulation &virtual reality:
real time display of how is, and how might be-forest fire-freeway traffic flow
Web portals serve continuous sensor-derived data
Iconic models: scaled down representations of the real thing
Symbolic models: based on logical relationships in mathematical or statistical form
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Changing Emphasesfrom 2-D description to 4-D interactionPast• 2-D flat map displays
– User as observerFuture• Effective 3-D visualization
– Via the merger of CAD and GIS?– What is the data model?
• 4-D incorporation of time: “The time has come for time.”– Via agent-based modeling / cellular automata? Or how?
• Cells (e.g. land parcels or people) interacting over time according to established rules
• 5, 6 and 7-D incorporation of touch (pressure, texture, temperature), sound and smell into modeling/simulation environment
• User as participant – researchers, professionals, the public interact with the model– the public as the planner (participatory GIS)
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Changing Emphases:Out of this world
Past– GIS applied to Planet Earth
Future– GIS as a methodology for the analysis of spheres
• Other planets—Mars, Jupiter, and Uranus
• The human brain– One earth but many brains– & vis-a-versa: does the brain use “maps” for
organization?
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Application Areas• The Appeal (Application) and Potential of GIS:
• The great appeal of GIS stems from their ability tointegrate great quantities of information about theenvironment and to provide a powerful repertoire ofanalytical tools to explore this data.
• Such a system would be valuable in a wide range ofsituations for urban planning, environmental resourcemanagement, hazards management, emergency planning,or transportation forecasting, and so on.
• The ability to separate information in layers, and thencombine it with other layers of information is thereason why GIS hold such great potential as researchand decision-making tools.
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Application Areas
• Application Areas• GIS are now used extensively in government,
business, and research for a wide range ofapplications including environmental resourceanalysis, land use planning, location analysis,tax appraisal, utility and infrastructureplanning, real estate analysis, marketing anddemographic analysis, habitat studies, andarchaeological analysis.
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Application Areas
• One of the largest areas of application has been in facilities management. Uses for GIS in this area have included
• locating underground pipes and cables,
• balancing loads in electrical networks,
• planning facility maintenance,
• tracking energy use.
• Local, state, and federal governments have found GIS particularly useful in land management. GIS has been commonly applied in areas like:
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Application Areas
• zoning and subdivision planning,
• land acquisition,
• environmental impact policy,
• water quality management,
• maintenance of ownership.
• More recent and innovative uses of GIS have used information based on street-networks. GIS has been found to be particularly useful in
• address matching,
• location analysis or site selection,
• development of evacuation plans.
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Conclusions
• GIS is rapidly becoming a key technology to support decision making at all scales
• The near future will continue to see accelerating growth in data availability and computing power to support GIS
• The strategic decision to make now is not whether, but when and how to use GIS to support environmental studies and decisions
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Conclusion• Our only model for the future is the past• think back as many years as you are looking
forward– change has been both revolutionary.. and glacial
• don’t forget that the pace of change is accelerating– probably just gearing-up for the information age,
not reaching its climax• but remember,we have to get there from here
– can you envision a path?• if we knew the future, we wouldn’t be here!