The Freedmen’s Bureau
description
Transcript of The Freedmen’s Bureau
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The Freedmen’s Bureau
Who Were They?
What Were They Trying to Accomplish?
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General Outline
I. What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
II. Why was the Freedmen’s Bureau important?
III. Who were the men who administered the Bureau?
A. National level
B. State level
C. Local level (the men “in the trenches”)
IV. Were Bureau agents conservative servants of the old planter class? Or well-intentioned men who hoped to see the old Confederacy abandon its old ways and
join
the modern world?
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President Andrew Johnson vetoes the Bureau bill
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The view of the Republicans in Congress
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The view of many white southerners
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The Bureau provided rations for the unemployed
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The Bureau as “honest broker” between former masters and slaves
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A Freedmen’s Bureau school
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An exterior view of a Bureau school
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An interior view
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The burning of a Freedmen’s Bureau school
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Everybody wanted something from the Bureau
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A marriage ceremony arranged by the Bureau
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Bureau regulations on marriage
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A Bureau marriage certificate
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The Bureau oversaw black voting for the first time in U.S. history
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The first vote in Virginia, 1867
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Long lines at the polls
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Election day became a social occasion in New Orleans
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Where were Texas Bureau agents from?
Geographic Origins
Number Percent
Outside CSA 160 86.5
Old CSA 25 13.5
Geographic Origins, Non-CSA
Number Percent
Free States 120 75
Union Slave States 12 7.5
Foreign 28 17.5
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Bureau men = city folkTexans = country folk
Occupation Percent of Bureau Agents
Percent of Texans
Professional (law, medicine, military)
64.8 17.2
Farming 17.1 70.4
Commerce and Industry
18.1 12.4
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A study of the Freedmen’s Bureau in Texas:
[Bureau] agents established some order where only chaos had
existed, discouraged the resumption of hostilities against the
Union, protected freed people against white violence, educated
the freedmen, and helped establish them as self-reliant,
individualistic Americans with the same legal rights as whites.
They established the former slaves as something they had never
been in the slaveholding South: citizens.
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A study of the Bureau in Virginia:
The Freedmen’s Bureau in Virginia did not cater to the whims of the
old master class. The actions of Bureau officers pointed toward
change, not stasis, the future, not the past. [In searching for
Virginians to take over public office from the old Confederacy], the
Freedmen’s Bureau searched out those who promised the best hope
for change in the Old Dominion, not those who were wedded to “the
world before the flood.”