Reconstruction 1865-1877 · Johnson vs. the Radical Republicans •1866 – Congress passed 2 bills...
Transcript of Reconstruction 1865-1877 · Johnson vs. the Radical Republicans •1866 – Congress passed 2 bills...
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Reconstruction
1865-1877
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Radical Republicans & Lincoln
• Angered by
Lincoln’s plan
because it did not
give full equality to
freed slaves
• Thought Lincoln’s
plan was too easy
on the South
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The Wade-Davis Bill
• Majority of adult Southern white men
would have to swear allegiance to America
• State Constitutional Conventions would
have to:
– abolish slavery
– Reject Confederate war debt
– Deny the vote and office holding to former
CSA officers
• Lincoln killed the bill by pocket veto
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John Wilkes
Booth
shot Lincoln
on April 14,
1865
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Johnson’s Reconstruction
• Blamed wealthy plantation
owners for the war
• His plan for the Southern
states:
– New constitutions
– Elect a new
governments
– Repeal secession
– Cancel Confederate
debts
– Ratify the 13th
Amendment
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Black Codes • Laws passed by
Southern legislatures
that limited the rights
of African Americans
in the South
• African Americans
were required to sign
yearly labor contracts
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Johnson vs. the Radical
Republicans • 1866 – Congress passed 2 bills
– Freedmen’s Bureau Bill – provided food,
clothing, medical care, and education for war
refugees
– Civil Rights Act – nullified the Black Codes by
declaring freedmen full citizens with equal
rights
• Johnson vetoed both bills
• In April, Congress overrode Johnson’s
veto
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Fourteenth
Amendment
• Granted citizenship to
all people born in the
U.S.
• No citizen could be
denied the rights
promised in the
Constitution
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Military
Reconstruction
Act of 1867 • South was put under
military rule
• Southern states had to hold
new elections
• All male voters can vote
• Barred confederacy
supporters from voting
• Southern states should
guarantee equal rights
• Ratification of the 14th
amendment (1868)
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Former Confederate soldiers founded the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
after the American Civil War (1861-1865). The KKK used
violence and intimidation to prevent blacks from voting and
holding office, and to keep them segregated.
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Anti Klan Laws
Enforcement Act of 1870 passed to
prevent any Ku Klux Klan activity
from preventing anyone from voting
that had the right to do so.
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Johnson’s Impeachment
• Congress passed 2 laws to make sure that
President Johnson would not ignore their
laws
– Command of the Army Act – President’s order
must go through General Grant
– Tenure of Office Act – Congress must
approve the removal of any cabinet member
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The
Showdown • Johnson challenged
Congress & fired
Edwin Stanton
• House of
Representatives
voted to impeach
the President
• The Senate failed to
remove Andrew
Johnson
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Blacks
Gained the
Right to
Vote 15th
Amendment
*Became law
March 1870
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Why Did People Grow Tired of the
Reconstruction?
• Put heavy taxes on the people
• Came to symbolize corruption & greed
• When the military withdrew from the south,
gov’ts. were taken over by white southerners
→ blocked Reconstruction policies
• North voters really did not support racial
equality
• Economic downturn in 1873 drew people’s
attention elsewhere
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• Democrats gave the election to Hayes
• He removed troops from the South & gave money to southern RRs
Solid
South
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Reconstruction Successes
1. Republicans carried
out 2 main goals
2. Stimulated economy
3. 14th/15th Amendments
4. Freedmen’s Bureau
5. Tax-supported,
mandatory education
Failures
1. Southerners remained
in poverty
2. State gov’ts. & KKK
denied blacks the vote
3. Racist attitudes
continued.
4. Southern economy
cont’d. to emphasize
agriculture
5. Did not address needs
of other groups:
farmers, workers,
suffragettes