The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age”...

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The Fourteenth- Century Crisis

Transcript of The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age”...

Page 1: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

The Fourteenth-Century Crisis

Page 2: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

The Calamitous 14th Century

Europe in 1300

“Little Ice Age”Climatic changes; cooler temperatures

Shorter growing season

Heavy storms

1315-1317 famine

Page 3: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

The Black Death

Bubonic plague, rats, and fleas

Origins and transmission

First wave: 1347-50

Death toll25-50% of population

Cities vs. villages

Page 4: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

The Black Death: Reactions

Search for meaning

Religious activityFlagellants

Papal reaction

ArtGuilds wiped out

Focus on death

Page 5: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

The Black Death: Reactions

Literature: DecameronGiovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375)

Setting• Wealthy people flee Florence to escape plague

• Storytelling to pass the time

• “Prologue”: famous description of plague

Story of Melchisedech the Jew

Page 6: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

Dislocation and Upheaval

Social consequences of plagueLabor shortage and mobility

Aristocratic reaction: Statute of Laborers

Breakdown of manorial obligations

RevoltsJacquerie (1358) – Etienne Marcel

English Peasants’ Revolt (1381) – Wat Tyler and John Ball

Urban revolts – ciompi of Florence (1378)

Page 7: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

Hundred Years War (1337-1453)Edward III v. Philip VI

Changing warfareCrecy (1346)

Poitiers (1356) and Peace of Bretigny (1359)

Henry V and Agincourt (1415)

Joan of Arc (1412-30)

Conclusion

Page 8: The Fourteenth-Century Crisis. The Calamitous 14 th Century Europe in 1300 “Little Ice Age” Climatic changes; cooler temperatures Shorter growing season.

Political Instability

England – Richard II and Parliament

French kings vs. Burgundian dukes

Holy Roman Empire – Golden Bull (1356)

Italian city-states – move to despotism


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The Calamitous Typhoon at Hongkong

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The Ars Nova Musical Developments in the Fourteenth Century.

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The Calamitous 14 th Century

The Calamitous 14 th Century

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