The FLUKA Monte Carlo code - Uppsala University
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Mattias Lantz Applied Nuclear Physics Department of Physics & Astronomy Uppsala University [email protected] The FLUKA Monte Carlo code www.fluka.org This introduction to the FLUKA MC is part of the course Modelling and simulation methods of particle transport , 5 credits, 1FA451
Transcript of The FLUKA Monte Carlo code - Uppsala University
Mattias LantzApplied Nuclear Physics
Department of Physics & AstronomyUppsala University
The FLUKA Monte Carlo code
www.fluka.org
This introduction to the FLUKA MC is part of the course Modellingand simulation methods of particle transport, 5 credits, 1FA451
www.fluka.org
OUTLINE & SCHEDULE
Part 1: What is FLUKA? (8 April 10-12)• History• Code design and features• Physics• Applications• Nice new tools
Part 2: Practical hints (10 April 13-15)
Part 3: Exercises (15 April 8-12)
History of
FLUKA
History of FLUKA1962: MC code(s) for high-energy proton beams
J. Ranft (Leipzig) and H. Geibel (CERN)
1970: Study of event-by-event fluctuations in calorimeters=> FLUktuierende KAskadeMainly used for radiation shielding studies
1970-1987: Development by J. Ranft and J.H. Möhring (Leipzig)with significant contributions from P. Aarnio and J. Routti (Helsinki), J.M. Zazula (Cracow) andA. Fassò and G.R. Stephenson (CERN)
1989-: A. Ferrari and P.R. Sala (INFN Milano), together with A. Fassò and J. Ranft, transforms FLUKA into a general purpose MC code
2003: CERN-INFN Collaboration Agreement 2006: Many improvements, free format input, nice tools…2011: Gfortran option available
www.fluka.org
www.fluka.org
MCNP/MCNPX
EGS
PHITS
MORSE
MARS
PENELOPE
LAHETHETC
GEANT
History of FLUKA
FLUKA
SHIELD-HIT
Funny comparison between FLUKA, GEANT, and SHIELD-HIT:http://willworkforscience.blogspot.se/2010/10/monte-carlo-programs-in-particle.html
BEAM nrc
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MCNP/MCNPX
EGS
PHITS
MORSE
MARS
PENELOPE
LAHETHETC
GEANT
History of FLUKA
FLUKA
SHIELD-HIT
Funny comparison between FLUKA, GEANT, and SHIELD-HIT:http://willworkforscience.blogspot.se/2010/10/monte-carlo-programs-in-particle.html
BEAM nrc
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History of FLUKA
Comparison of number of publications between different MC codeshttp://willworkforscience.blogspot.se/2011/04/monte-carlo-race-2011.html
Fluka isFLUKA is:
A stand-alone Monte Carlo code for transport andinteraction of particles and nuclei with matterHadron-hadron and hadron-nucleus interactions: 1 keV – 10000 TeVNucleus-nucleus interactions: ~10 of MeV/A – 10000 TeV/A (1)
E.m. and μ interactions: 1 keV – 10000 TeVNeutron multi-group transport and interactions: thermal – 20 MeV (2)
Photo-nuclear interactionsOptical photon generation and interactions (Cherenkov, scintillation, ...)
Neutrino generation and interactionsCharged particle transport including all relevant processes
Residual nuclei calculations, time evolution, residual dose calculations, ...
(1) Can not handle D, T, He-3, He4 yet(2): recently extended from 72 to more than 260 groups. Point-like cross sections for a few selected nuclei
Combinatorial geometry with optional voxel and lattice capabilitiesInterface to GEANT4 geometry package, AutoCAD, SimpleGeo, ... Analog calculations or with variance reduction
Precision transport in magnetic fields
www.fluka.org
www.fluka.orgCode design and features
Sound and modern physics:• Based, as far as possible, on original and well-tested microscopic models• All steps should be self-consistent and with solid physical basis• Optimized by comparing with experimental data at single interaction level• No tuning on integral data such as thick target yields, etc.• Final predictions obtained with a minimum of free parameters which are fixed for all energies, targets and projectiles
• Basic conservation laws are fulfilled ”a priori”• Correlations are fully preserved within interactions and among showers components
• The physical models of FLUKA are fully integrated, with full cross-talk between all components (FLUKA is NOT a toolkit! Compare with GEANT)
⇒ Results from complex cases arise naturally from the underlying physical models⇒ Suitable environment for exotic extensions (ν, N-decay…) ⇒ Predictivity where no experimental data are directly available
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High accuracy:• Systematic use of relativistic kinematics• All variables are double precision• Tabulated total cross sections and other integral nuclear and atomic data are used (slower, but gives better accuracy than parametrizations)
• Differential cross sections obtained by sampling reaction channels and energies by physical models• Effort to use accurate mathematical and physical algorithms in order to achieve the same level of accuracy for each component and at all energies
FORTRAN-77 code:• The code has about 500,000 lines of code (~17 MBytes)• Internal memory management, dynamical memory allocation• Available on Linux x86 (g77), Compac TrueUnix and Mac OSX (g95), ... Also KNOPPIX version (FLUPIX), bootable from any host OS
• Also used in mixed-language applications, for instance C++ with GEANT4 geometry package (FLUGG interface)
Code design and features
www.fluka.orgCode design and features
No programming required for standard cases:• All scoring, cutoff settings, biasing, etc. are defined by the user without any need to write code
• This allows very optimized scoring algorithms• Difficult to convince users that are accustomed to other codes
Very powerful user routines are available for special cases where the standard scoring is not enough for the user or when complex input kinematics is necessary
Scoring: Event-by-eventCoincident/Anti-coincidentTime gatesAngle dependence w.r.t. surfacesFluctuations and correlations... (~10 more)
Many different biasing options (~10) can be activated
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Physics
Hadronic models in FLUKA
www.fluka.orgPhysics: thin target example
Angle-integrated 90Zr(p,xn) at 80.5 MeV
The various lines show contributions from:• evaporation• INC• pre-equilibrium• total
Experimental data: M. Trabandt et al., Phys. Rev. C39, 452 (1989)
www.fluka.orgPhysics: thick target example
Neutron double-differential distributions from protons on stopping-length targetsExp. data: Meier et al., Nucl. Sci. Eng. 110, 299 (1992) and Meigo et al., JAERI-Conf. 95-008
www.fluka.orgPhysics: modified RQMD
Double-differential neutron yield by 400 MeV/n Ar and Fe ions on thick Al targetsExperimental data points: Phys. Rev. C62, 044615 (2000)
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Applications• Energy production, waste transmutation: Energy Amplifier• LHC: beam-machine interaction and radioprotection• LHC/ATLAS/CMS: radiation background in detectors• LHC/ATLAS: calorimetry simulation• LHC/ALICE: general detector simulation• Neutrino beams from accelerators: WANF & CNGS• Cosmic rays: calculation of secondary particles in atmosphere• ICARUS: general detector and physics simulation• BOREXINO: radioactive background studies• Dose calculations: civil aviation• Dose calculations: space missions• Medical physics: hadrotherapy
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ATLAS: radiation background and calorimetryE. Gschwendtner, C.W. Fabjan, N. Hessey, T. Otto, and H. Vincke,
Measuring the radiation background in the ATLAS experiment,
Nucl. Instr. Meth. A476, 222 (2002) (benchmarked up to 14 attenuation lengths)
Applications
Photon background Neutron background
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Regions of high losses(e.g., Collimators,…)
ATLAS
Regions with low losses(e.g., due to residual gas)
The LHCLoss Regions
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3.2
Point 3.3
Point 4 Point 5
Point 6
Point 7
Point 8
ALICE
LHCb
MomentunCleaning
RF CMS
LHC Dump
BetatronCleaning
LHC: collimation, beam dump effects
Applications
www.fluka.org
8 hours
1 week
4 months
Cooling time
CERN-SC-2005-092-RP-TN
Residual dose rate (mSv/h)after one year of operation
Applications
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Warm QuadrupoleCold Dipole
LHC: Complex magnetic fields included
Applications
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Atmosphere: 100 layersAtmosphere: 100 layers
Cone amplitudeCone amplitudeDepending on allowed toleranceDepending on allowed toleranceOn geomagnetic cut-offOn geomagnetic cut-off
( 50 or 200 as options )( 50 or 200 as options )
Cosmic rays: Physics and dosimetry
First 3-D calculation of atmospheric neutrinoswas done with FLUKA. Showed unexpectedenhancement in the horizontal direction.
Applications
www.fluka.orgApplicationsDosimetry: Aviation and space missions
Atmospheric neutron fluenceabove Narita Airport (Tokyo)
Ambient dose equivalent from neutronsat solar activity maximum, on commercialflights from Seattle to Hamburg and fromFrankfurt to Johannesburg
S. Roesler et al., Rad. Prot. Dos. 98 (2002) 367
www.fluka.orgApplications
CNGS CNGS: Cern Neutrino beam to Gran Sasso
• FLUKA has been used for the physics and engineering design of the CNGS
• The simulation includes all details of beam transport, interaction, structure of target, horn focusing, decay, etc.
www.fluka.orgApplications
CNGS: Properties of the neutrino beam
Neutrino event spectra at Gran Sasso National Laboratory
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ICARUS: LAr TPC• Large sensitive volume• Continuously sensitive• Self-triggering• 3D views of ionising events with particle identification
• Also acts as good homogenous calorimeter of very fine granularity
The two 300-ton ICARUSmodules inside Laboratori
Nazionali di Gran Sasso, Italy
FLUKA used for:• full detector simulation• atmospheric neutrino generation and interactions• CNGS beam simulation• Interaction of solar and supernova neutrinos• Generation and detection of proton decay• Calculation of underground muon events
Applications
www.fluka.orgApplications
ICARUS: Cosmic ray events
The geometry of the mountain has beendescribed using the voxel system of FLUKA. Here: 1 voxel = 100 x 100 x 50 m3
Transport model:Transport model: FLUKA (all processes switched on but no
production of secondaries)GS geometry:GS geometry: (as taken from the map
used in the MACRO experiment) Input:Input: output event by event from
atmospheric shower generationOutput:Output: event by event, the muons
survived at the depth of underground GS lab: 963 m below the surface
www.fluka.orgApplications
176
cm
434 cm
Shower
Hadronic interaction
ICARUS: Cosmic ray events
FLUKA simulation
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Medical applications12C ions (400 MeV/u) in Water
Exp. Data: Haettner et al, Rad. Prot. Dos. 122 (2006) 485Simulation: A. Mairani, PhD Thesis, Pavia, 2007
Applications
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K. Parodi et al, JPCS 74, 2007
Treatment Planning
Medical applicationsFLUKA can embed voxel structures within its standardcombinatorial geometry
Optimized transport through the voxelsRaw CT-scan outputs can be imported
FLUKA simulationmGy mGy
Applications
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Tools
TITLE60.4 MeV proton on Natural Beryllium target assembly*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..DEFAULTS EET/TRANBEAM -0.0604 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.0 1. PROTON*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..BEAMPOS 0.0 0.0 0.0DISCARD 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0EMFPHOTONUC 1.0 3.0 43.0 1.0*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..GEOBEGIN COMBINAT Beryllium Target* Bodies*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..**AAA*IIII_________+_________+_________+_________+_________+_________+ SPH 1 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +100000.0 SPH 2 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +1000.0* 5 infinite circular cylinders ZCC 3 +0.0 +0.0 +1.10 ZCC 4 +0.0 +0.0 +1.20 ZCC 5 +0.0 +0.0 +1.70 ZCC 6 +0.0 +0.0 +1.80 ZCC 7 +0.0 +0.0 +2.20* Infinite planes dividing the cylinders XYP 8 +0.0 XYP 9 +1.85 XYP 10 +2.45 XYP 11 +2.55 XYP 12 +2.60 XYP 13 +2.65* Planes at an angle for the copper/water cooling spiral PLA 14 .08715574 0.0 .99619470 1.7 0.0 0.05 PLA 15 .08715574 0.0 .99619470 1.7 0.0 2.05*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7.. SPH 16 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +10.0* USRBDX detector planes at 190 cm and 195 cm XYP 17 190.0 XYP 18 195.0 RPP 19 -15.0 +15.0 -11.5 +11.5 189.0 210.0 XYP 20 -1.0* Precollimator XYP 21 19.9 XYP 22 24.15 XYP 23 48.15* Cylinder to construct the upper bump in precollimator ZCC 24 0.0 0.0 7.0* Truncated cone TRC 25 0.0 0.0 50.15 0.0 0.0 -32.25 5.3168141 3.4331858
* Air below water phantom 017 +27 -30* Air in neutron trap 018 +28 -27* Air above large paraffin blocks 019 OR +27 +59 -26 -62 -63 -64 -65OR +26 -23* Air on outside of large paraffin blocks 020 OR +27 -59 +58 -37OR +27 -59 +58 +38OR +27 -59 +58 -39OR +27 -59 +58 -40OR +27 -59 +58 +41OR +27 -59 +58 +42OR +27 -59 +58 -43 -35OR +27 -59 +58 -44 -36OR +27 -59 +58 +45 -36OR +27 -59 +58 +46 -35OR +27 -58 +57 -47OR +27 -58 +57 +48OR +27 -58 +57 -49OR +27 -58 +57 -50OR +27 -58 +57 +51OR +27 -58 +57 +52OR +27 -58 +57 -53 OR +27 -58 +57 -54OR +27 -58 +57 +55OR +27 -58 +57 +56OR +27 -59 +58 +43 -53 -35 +60OR +27 -59 +58 -46 +56 -35 -61OR +27 -59 +58 +44 -54 -36 +60OR +27 -59 +58 -45 +55 -36 -61*_AAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIII* Region Paraffine 021 +35 022 +36 023 OR +58 -59 -60 +37 +39 +40 +43 +44OR +57 -58 -60 +47 +49 +50 +53 +54 024 OR +58 -59 +61 -38 -41 -42 -45 -46OR +57 -58 +61 -48 -51 -52 -55 -56 025 OR +62OR +63OR +64OR +65* Air inbetween large paraffin blocks 026 OR +57 -59 +60 -61 +53 +54 -55 -56 -35 -36 END GEOEND*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..*GEOEND 100.0 100.0 200.0 -100.0 -100.0 -70.0 DEBUG*GEOEND 200.0 200.0 200.0 &BIASING 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0BIASING 0.0 0.0 3.0 4.0BIASING 0.0 0.0 3.0 6.0*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..MATERIAL 1.0 1.0 0.0000899 3.0 HYDROGENMATERIAL 4.0 9.012182 1.85 5.0 BERYLLIUMATERIAL 6.0 12.01 2.25 6.0 CARBONMATERIAL 8.0 16.0 0.00143 8.0 OXYGENMATERIAL 12.0 24.305 1.738 9.0 MAGNESIUMATERIAL 13.0 26.982 2.7 10.0 ALUMINUMMATERIAL 26.0 55.847 7.2 11.0 IRONMATERIAL 29.0 63.546 8.96 12.0 COPPERMATERIAL 27.0 58.9332 8.9 22.0 COBALT
www.fluka.org
Tools: flair
TITLE60.4 MeV proton on Natural Beryllium target assembly*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..DEFAULTS EET/TRANBEAM -0.0604 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.0 1. PROTON*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..BEAMPOS 0.0 0.0 0.0DISCARD 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0EMFPHOTONUC 1.0 3.0 43.0 1.0*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..GEOBEGIN COMBINAT Beryllium Target* Bodies*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..**AAA*IIII_________+_________+_________+_________+_________+_________+ SPH 1 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +100000.0 SPH 2 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +1000.0* 5 infinite circular cylinders ZCC 3 +0.0 +0.0 +1.10 ZCC 4 +0.0 +0.0 +1.20 ZCC 5 +0.0 +0.0 +1.70 ZCC 6 +0.0 +0.0 +1.80 ZCC 7 +0.0 +0.0 +2.20* Infinite planes dividing the cylinders XYP 8 +0.0 XYP 9 +1.85 XYP 10 +2.45 XYP 11 +2.55 XYP 12 +2.60 XYP 13 +2.65* Planes at an angle for the copper/water cooling spiral PLA 14 .08715574 0.0 .99619470 1.7 0.0 0.05 PLA 15 .08715574 0.0 .99619470 1.7 0.0 2.05*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7.. SPH 16 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0 +10.0* USRBDX detector planes at 190 cm and 195 cm XYP 17 190.0 XYP 18 195.0 RPP 19 -15.0 +15.0 -11.5 +11.5 189.0 210.0 XYP 20 -1.0* Precollimator XYP 21 19.9 XYP 22 24.15 XYP 23 48.15* Cylinder to construct the upper bump in precollimator ZCC 24 0.0 0.0 7.0* Truncated cone TRC 25 0.0 0.0 50.15 0.0 0.0 -32.25 5.3168141 3.4331858
* Air below water phantom 017 +27 -30* Air in neutron trap 018 +28 -27* Air above large paraffin blocks 019 OR +27 +59 -26 -62 -63 -64 -65OR +26 -23* Air on outside of large paraffin blocks 020 OR +27 -59 +58 -37OR +27 -59 +58 +38OR +27 -59 +58 -39OR +27 -59 +58 -40OR +27 -59 +58 +41OR +27 -59 +58 +42OR +27 -59 +58 -43 -35OR +27 -59 +58 -44 -36OR +27 -59 +58 +45 -36OR +27 -59 +58 +46 -35OR +27 -58 +57 -47OR +27 -58 +57 +48OR +27 -58 +57 -49OR +27 -58 +57 -50OR +27 -58 +57 +51OR +27 -58 +57 +52OR +27 -58 +57 -53 OR +27 -58 +57 -54OR +27 -58 +57 +55OR +27 -58 +57 +56OR +27 -59 +58 +43 -53 -35 +60OR +27 -59 +58 -46 +56 -35 -61OR +27 -59 +58 +44 -54 -36 +60OR +27 -59 +58 -45 +55 -36 -61*_AAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIIIAAIIIII* Region Paraffine 021 +35 022 +36 023 OR +58 -59 -60 +37 +39 +40 +43 +44OR +57 -58 -60 +47 +49 +50 +53 +54 024 OR +58 -59 +61 -38 -41 -42 -45 -46OR +57 -58 +61 -48 -51 -52 -55 -56 025 OR +62OR +63OR +64OR +65* Air inbetween large paraffin blocks 026 OR +57 -59 +60 -61 +53 +54 -55 -56 -35 -36 END GEOEND*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..*GEOEND 100.0 100.0 200.0 -100.0 -100.0 -70.0 DEBUG*GEOEND 200.0 200.0 200.0 &BIASING 0.0 0.0 1.0 3.0BIASING 0.0 0.0 3.0 4.0BIASING 0.0 0.0 3.0 6.0*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7..MATERIAL 1.0 1.0 0.0000899 3.0 HYDROGENMATERIAL 4.0 9.012182 1.85 5.0 BERYLLIUMATERIAL 6.0 12.01 2.25 6.0 CARBONMATERIAL 8.0 16.0 0.00143 8.0 OXYGENMATERIAL 12.0 24.305 1.738 9.0 MAGNESIUMATERIAL 13.0 26.982 2.7 10.0 ALUMINUMMATERIAL 26.0 55.847 7.2 11.0 IRONMATERIAL 29.0 63.546 8.96 12.0 COPPERMATERIAL 27.0 58.9332 8.9 22.0 COBALT
www.fluka.org
Tools
Old way: 2-dimensional cutsfor debugging and visualizationof energy deposition, fluence,dose rate, etc...(still nice, but...)
File: lacassagne.inp
www.fluka.org
Tools: flair
File: lacassagne.inp
www.fluka.org
Tools: SimpleGeo
File: lacassagne.inp
www.fluka.org
Example with flair
www.fluka.org
Example with flair
Part 2: Use existing course materialGo to the FLUKA web site http://www.fluka.orgClick on ”Courses” and select the 12th FLUKA Course (JLAB 2012)Click on ”Program”Also check out the Advanced Course & Workshop (Vancouver 2012)
www.fluka.org
Some of the downloadable pdfs are also available on Studentportalen
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