The Fate of the Coral Reefs
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Transcript of The Fate of the Coral Reefs
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The Fate of the Coral
ReefsGlobal Warming’s Effect on Ocean Ecosystem
By: Pat Wise
www.divegallery.com
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http://liveandletdive.googlepages.com/dreamstimeweb_7417461_reef.JPG/dreamstimeweb_7417461_reef-full.jpg
http://spy-spider.com/skull_and_crossbones.png
http://www.australiaone.com.au/images/public/Great-Barrier-Reef-QLD.jpg
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What is Coral Mate? Phylum - Cnidaria Class - Anthozoa Reef building secrete
CaCO3 skeletons
Neritic Zone of Ocean (Shallow)
Sunlight and warm water! Cnidocytes
http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Coral/sciclasscr.html
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Sweet Place to Live
Home to 9 million Species
Maximum Production!
One of Four Sick Hiding Spots
www.apple.com
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Symbiosis WOAH! Awesome!
Photosynthetic Dinoflagellates
Zooxantheallae – Nitrogenous waste, CO2, and a Home
Coral – Photosynthetic capability and increased CaCO3 production
Pigmented algae produce colorful coral
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/photos/corals.html
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/students/coral/coral3.htm
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Global Warming (In Case You Forgot)
http://www.younggreens.ie/main/?p=89
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Coral Bleaching… Not Cool
Increased Water Temperature
Zooxantheallae don’t pull their weight
Algae expelled from Coral
Leaves white coral behind
www.abc.net.au/reslib/ 200704/r135574_457949.jpg
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Coral Bleaching… is Ugly
Coral Death leads to algae and soft coral overgrowth
Marine “Weeds”
http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/image_full/international/photosvideos/photos/bleached-coral-great-barrier
www.gbrmpa.gov.au
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Damage Done – Great Barrier Reef
42% of Great Barrier Reef bleached in 1998 18% suffered permanent damage El Niño in 2002 warmed water temperatures
affecting 60% of GBR Killed 90% of reef forming corals on some
inshore reefs
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Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1999). Climate Change, Coral Bleaching and the Future of the World's Coral Reefs. Mar. Freshw. Res.
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The Future CO2 increases will lead to further
water temp. increases Dr. Terry Done – “1° increase in
global temperature = 82% reef bleaching, 2° increase = 97%, 3° = Total devastation”
Graph – Temp increase/bleaching threshold vs. Time
Increasing CO2 levels in ocean (acidification) hurts coral’s ability to generate CaC)3 reef structures.
http://www.sciencemag.org/
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Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1999). Climate Change, Coral Bleaching and the Future of the World's Coral Reefs. Mar. Freshw. Res.
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Effects on Fish
Lose Habitat Massive
Extinctions Gobiodon
Species C Biodiversity Loss Food Production
www.mahonia.org
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Red Tides
1998 El Niño results in massive burning of Indonesian Rainforests
Iron rich smog develops Toxin producing
Dinoflagellates (red in color) produce red tide
Devastating effect – carcinogens (Karenia brevis) wildcoast.blog.co
m
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Red Tides… Even Worse
2002 – El Niño produces smog over Southeast Asia
Size of the United States Cut sunlight by 10% Heated lower atmosphere and Ocean Hundreds of Millions of dollars worth of
aquaculture damaged Southeastern Coral Reefs may be
permanently damaged
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A New Hope?
Symbiodinium 50/400 = F- No Complexity Migration To Where?
Google.images.com
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What to Do???
Lower CO2 Emissions Stop Overfishing Protect Reefs from
non-water warming harm (Tourism, Boating, Overfishing)
Stop El Niño!
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More Simple Solutions
Turn off the Lights! Eat less meat Turn down your thermostat Use electricity over natural gas Use the fireplace! Ride your bike Make daily sacrifices to Gukumatz (Very Important)
http://www.yovendomicasa.es/images/dibujoserpientecols2.jpg
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Hughes, T.P. et al. 2003. Climate Change, Human Impacts, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs. Science 301, pp. 929-33
Freeman, Scott. Biological Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2004.
Flannery, Tim. The Weather Makers, Our Changing Climate and What it Means for Life on Earth. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2005. 104-13.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1999). Climate Change, Coral Bleaching and the Future of the World's Coral Reefs. Mar. Freshw. Res.
Donner, S., Skirving, W. J., Little, C. M., Oppenheimer, M. and Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (2005). Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates of adaptation under climate change. Glob. Chan. Biol.
"Garden Sprinklers May Save Reef from Bleaching." ABC News. 15 June 2007. ABC. 10 Nov. 2008 <http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/06/15/1951896.htm>.
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