THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS The Rise of Dictators.
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Transcript of THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS The Rise of Dictators.
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THE FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
The Rise of Dictators
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The Birth of the League of nations
Originally proposed by the United States at the end of WWI (Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points)
Designed to be a place to discuss international conflict and ensure peace through mutual defense
Flawed from beginning- USA didn’t join- Soviet Union and Germany were not allowed in- The Spirit of Locarno (avoid war at all costs)
The League was just the will of England and France (both withdrew from aggressive foreign policy after the war)
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Imperial Japan
In the 1930’s, Japan’s government was lead by the Military
Driven by their lack of natural resources and their dependence on foreign trade (especially with the USA), Japan attempted to expand its empire into Asia
Japan conquers Manchuria (North of China) in 1932
Japan attacks China in 1937
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Japanese Atrocities
The Japanese Imperial Army was extremely brutal in their treatment of the enemy
They routinely killed prisoners of war, murdered civilians, kidnapped girls to be used as “comfort women,” and used chemical and biological weapons against defenseless people
The world was outraged but the League of Nations did nothing to stop them
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Fascist Italy
Benito Mussolini, a former newspaper editor, comes to power in Italy after the “March on Rome” in 1922
He is riding the people’s anger over Italy’s treatment at the treaty of Versailles, crushing poverty and a failing Italian government
Mussolini creates fascism – a combination of dictatorship (one person in charge), nationalism, imperialism, militarism with work creation schemes and social programs to provide for the people
Mussolini become wildly popular and served as a model for Hitler and other dictators
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Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
As part of his idea to “rebuild the Roman Empire” Mussolini invades Ethiopia (the last free African State)
The Ethiopians have few advanced weapons but effectively fight a guerilla style war
The Italians became frustrated with the lack of progress and decided to force Ethiopia’s surrender by attacking civilians
Hundreds of thousands are killed as the Italians bomb and shell innocent people in their homes
Again, the world is outraged but nothing is done to stop the horror
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The Rise of Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin comes to power in the Soviet Union (formerly Russia)
Perhaps the most brutal dictator in history
Starves to death, imprisons and executes millions of his own people
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Spanish Civil War
Francisco Franco, Spanish General, invades Spain from Morocco
A civil war starts between Franco’s supporters and the rest of Spain
Italy and German sent troops and weapons to help Franco
Franco seizes power in 1939
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In Summary
Dictators (Franco, Mussolini, Hitler etc.) rise from poverty and discontent
They use brutal methods at home and against other nations
The League of Nations does not have the strength or will power to stop them
Since these dictators are not stopped, they only become more bold and aggressive
The failure of the League of Nations to act created a situation where dictators eventually gained so much power that it took a full scale war to stop them