The Extration of the Versitile Aluminium

8/17/2019 The Extration of the Versitile Aluminium

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THE EXTRATION OFTHE VERSITILE

ALUMINIUM

Group 1: Kareem; Susanna;

Danesh;Britany;Dee-Anne

Ms. Jordan

5th December!"1!.


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WHAT IS ALUMINIUM?

A#uminium is a chemica# e#ement $ith the

symbo# A# and atomic number 1%. &t e'ists in

(roup % o) the periodic tab#e and is not so#ub#e

in $ater. A#uminium is si#*ery $hite and *eryreacti*e this reason is the cause )or it not

)ound by itse#) but combined $ith numerous

other e#ements. A#uminium has a standerd

atomic $ei(ht o) !+ amu and an e#ectroniccon)i(uration o) !,%.


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WHERE IS ALUMINIUM FOUND?

A#uminium is )ound main#y in rocs but it ise'tracted )rom an ore ca##ed bau'ite.

Bau'ite is a hydrated ore $ith the

appro'imate )ormu#a A#!/% . !0!/ but can

easi#y be stated as impure A#!/%

Bau'ite is )ormed as a resu#t o) chemica##ya#tered a#uminium-bearin( rocs under

tropica# conditions.


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Bau'ite can occur as c#ay and can be )ound

up to " meters be#o$ the sur)ace. &t is )ound

beneath #ayers o) c#ay and sand.


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Bau'ite ore is red in co#our because o) the

presence o) the iron o'ides 23e!/%4 and)rom the other minera#s 2impurities4 it

contains.


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ure a#uminium o'ide is a $hite po$der

no$ as a#umina.

A#uminium has to be e'tracted )rom the

a#umina.


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HOW IS ALUMINIUM EXTRACTED?

STEP ONE: Remove Bauxite from te Eart!

A"" over#ur$e% a%$ "a%$ mu&t #e '"eare$

#( te u&e of #u"" $o)er&* ex'avater& a%$

$ra+ "i%e&!

After te over#ur$e% i& remove$* te#auxite i& $ri""e$ a%$ #"a&te$ ,it

ex-"o&ive& to #rea. it u-!


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Bauxite being blasted with explosives


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STEP TWO: 6he Bayer rocess:

6he a#uminium ore is mi'ed $ith caustic soda

27a/04 in di(esters. 8austic soda reacts on#y

$ith a#umina and disso#*es it but #ea*in( theother minera#s behind. 6he mi'ture is )i#tered to

retrie*e the so#ution $ith the hi(h a#umina

content.

A#!/%2s4 9 !7a/02a4 9 %0!/2a4

!7aA#2/042a4


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A#thou(h !7aA#2/042a4 is so#ub#e A#2/04% is

not so di#utin( the stron(#y basic so#utioncauses so#id a#uminium hydro'ide to

precipitate.

A#thou(h !7aA#2/042a4 is so#ub#e A#2/04% is

not so di#utin( the stron(#y basic so#utioncauses so#id a#uminium hydro'ide to

precipitate.

Added $ater

!7aA#2/042a4 !A#2/04%2s4 9

!7a/02a4


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A Di(ester


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STEP

THREE:

3i#tration

6he s#urry )romthe di(estors is )ed

into sett#in( tans.

6he #iuid $hich

contains thea#umina is )i#tered

to remo*e the

#iuid and any

traces o) red mud.

A Sett#in( 6an


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STEP FOUR:

recipitation

A)ter the separation is comp#eted the

A#2/04%2s4 is coo#ed in precipitation tans$here pure A#!/%2s4 is )ormed.

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STEP FIVE:

6he 0a##-0erou#t process:

-A#!/% is )irst mi'ed $ith cryo#ite 27a% A#34then the mi'ture is heated to me#t the so#ids.

21"""


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%9

-A# ions are reduced A#uminium meta#:

At the cathode:

%9 =

A# 9 %e A#2#4

At the Anode:

!- =

-! / 9 82s4

8/!2(4 9 e

6he anode $hich is made o) carbon is

o'idised durin( e#ectro#ysis. 8arbon )rom the

anode combines $ith o'ide ions to )orm 8/!2(4


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6he >#ectro#ysis /) A#uminium disso#*ed in Mo#ten

8ryo#ite


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An >#ectro#ysis Shop


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WH/ IS ALUMINIUN EXTRATED IN

THIS 0ARTICULAR WA/?

6here are )i*e processes in*o#*ed in thee'traction o) a#uminium each ha*in( a reason )or

the speci)ic $ay in $hich it is done.

Step 1?emo*in( Bau'ite )rom the >arth usin(

e'p#osi*es or by dri##in(.

Rea&o%1 A#uminium is )ound $ide#y in rocs

ho$e*er is e'traction )rom bau'ite. Bau'ite is

)ound )ar beneat the su)ace and thus e'p#osi*es

and other euipment are needed )or its e'traction


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Step !

6he Bayer rocess

Rea&o%1 Because A#uminium is a *ery reacti*emeta# it is ne*er )ound a#one but combined .

6he Bayer rocess causes the a#uminium to

disso#*e so that the other impurities can be

separated out.

Step %

3i#tration

Rea&o%1 Because A#uminium is disso#*ed as

sodium a#uminate $hen mi'ed $ith 7a/0.

3i#tration is reuired to separate the mi'ture.

S


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Step

recipitation

Rea&o%1 Because A#2/04% contains $ater it hasto be heated 2ca#cined4 . @hen this is done pure

a#uminium o'ide is )ormed.

Step 50a##-0erou#ts rocess

Rea&o%&1

-Because A#!/% is a combined e#ement to

%9 !- separate the A# )rom the / the process o)

e#ectro#ysis it used. A#uminium is )ormed at the


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cathode and /'(en is re#eased at the anode

but because o) the carbon e#ectrode used the

o'ide combines $ith the carbon re#easin( 8/!2(4

-8ryo#ite27a% A#34 is used because it has a

re#ati*e#y #o$er boi#in( point than pure

A#uminium thus sa*in( a #ot o) ener(y.


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USES OF ALUMINIUM


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USES OF ALUMINIUM

A#uminium is #ar(e#y used today due to its manyunusua# properties.

A#uminium is used )or paca(in(. Drin cans

)oi# $rappin(s and )oi# containers are a## made)rom a#uminium.

6he #ayer o) a#uminium o'ide )orms a protecti*e

#ayer o*er the a#uminium $hich is resistant tocorrosion un#ie iron. 6his #ayer o) o'ide is

comp#ete#y impermeab#e and thus maes it

idea# )or paca(in( as nothin( is #et in or out.


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0a'.a+i%+


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A#uminium is used in the 6ransportation

industry.

A#uminium )orms the body )or most transport

*ehic#es. 6his is because A#uminium is a *ery

#i(ht meta# and thus #ess )orce is reuired to

mo*e it hence #ess ener(y. A#uminium is notthe stron(est o) meta#s ho$e*er a##oys tae

care o) this as it he#ps to increase its stren(th.


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Tra%&-ortatio%


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A#uminium is used in the Bui#din( &ndustry.

A#uminium is #i(ht and *ery resistant tocorrosion and because o) this it is *ery use)u# in

the bui#din( industry. &t can be used in $indo$s

roo)in( sy#i(ht (utters and door )rames.

A#uminium is e'treme#y *ersiti#e and can becur*ed tapered $e#ded bonded and cut into

any shape to suit any ob. 6his is #ined to

A#uminiums ma##eabi#ity.


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Bui"$i%+


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Other Uses Include:

A#uminium )orhouseho#d cooin(

euipment)or

e'amp#e pots and

pans.

A#uminium can used

as $ires as it is

cheaper and #i(hter

thou(h not as e))icient

a conducter o)

e#ectricity as copper.


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Structure:

A#uminium is capab#eo) bein( duti#e

ma##eab#e a (ood

conductor o) heat and

e#ectricity and meta#subect to a hi(h

me#tin( point. &t is so#id

at room temperature.

6hese properties are

a## as a resu#t o)

A#uminium structure:


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A#uminium is ab#e to conduct e#ectricity and

heat because o) the *ibratin( ions. @hen one

ion *ibrates it causes another ion to *irate andthese mo*ements and *ibration causes the

meta# to conduct heat or e#ectricity.

A#uminium is said to be ducti#e or ma##eab#e

this is because its atoms chan(e position.

0o$e*er chan(in( the position o) the atoms

does not cause correspondin( chan(es in theener(y #e*e#s o) the e#ectrons.


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A#uminium has a hi(h me#tin( point

indicatin( that it has a *ery stron( meta##ic

bond.

Bonding

Meta##ic bondin( is di))erent )rom ionic or

co*a#ent bonds. &n meta##ic bondin( the

*a#ence e#ectrons are de#oca#iCed meanin(

the atoms do not stay around that onenuc#eus.

6he stron( attraction bet$een the e#ectrons

and the positi*e#y char(ed meta##ic ions


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8auses the hi(h me#tin( points o) meta#s and a

hi(h density because o) the ti(ht pacin( o) the

atoms.


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onclusion

& hope you ha*e enoyed this presentation on A#uminium its >'traction and its ses and &

$ish that the in)ormation presented $as use)u#

and $i## be o) bene)it in the near )uture. 6han

you.


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Re!erence:

8hemistry 3ourth >dition by /#msted @i##iams.

8hemistry 3or 6he 8aribbean by Atherton

Ea$rence and Ste$ard.

The Extration of the Versitile Aluminium

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