The Explorers
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Transcript of The Explorers
The Explorers
American Literature I
Giovanni da Verrazzano (1485-1528) American Lit. I
Verrazzano
Italian navigatorSailed for King Francis I of France
1524 explored the northeast coast of North America from Cape Fear, N.C. to Maine
Verrazzano
January 17, 1524: left Madeira, Spain
March 7: spied land (Cape Fear, N.C.)
First sailed south, then north to New York
Sailed to Maine, then on to Newfoundland, Canada, and back to Europe July 8: back to Dieppe,
France
Verrazzano
Searching for a Northwest passage to Asia
Thought that North America was a thin isthmus separating the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Verrazzano
Made two more voyages. 1527: mutiny forced him to return to
France (by way of Brazil) 1528: landed in Florida
then to lesser Antilles• Was killed and eaten by Carib Indians
Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca (1490?-1557?)
Cabeza de Vaca
Sailed to North America from Spain as treasurer of expedition led by Narváez.Departed in 1527 250 to 300 men
Cabeza de Vaca
After surviving a hurricane near Cuba, the expedition landed on the west coast of Florida (near Tampa Bay) in April 1528.
A series of hurricanes and fights with Native Americans killed many of the crew.
Cabeza de Vaca
Men made 5 rafts on which they sailed west, hoping to reach a Spanish settlement in Mexico. Three rafts sankTwo surviving rafts (carrying 80 men)
landed at Galveston IslandNarvaez did not survive
Cabeza de Vaca
Only 15 men survived the cold winter. Traveled west, walking along the
Colorado River. By 1533, there were only 4 survivors
(including Cabeza de Vaca )Were enslaved by Indian tribes along
the wayWere helped by others
Cabeza de Vaca
Only 15 men survived the cold winter. Traveled west, walking along the
Colorado River. By 1533, there were only 4 survivors
(including Cabeza de Vaca )Were enslaved by Indian tribes along
the wayWere helped by others
Cabeza de Vaca
These 4 men were the first non-natives to travel in this area of southwestern North America.
Reached the Spanish settlement of Culiacan in early 1536
Later that year they reached Mexico City, where they were welcomed by the Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza.
Cabeza de Vaca
After serving as a Mexican territorial governor, de Vaca returned to Spain in 1537.
Published an account of his travels1542: La Relación (The Report)
• later known as Naufragios (Shipwrecks) His writing encouraged many other Spanish
expeditions to the Americas De Soto (1539-1543) Coronado (1540-1542)
Cabeza de Vaca
Samuel De Champlain(1567?-1635)
Champlain
French explorer and navigator Mapped much of northeastern North
America Made twelve explorations and map
making trips from 1603 to 1633 Started a settlement in Quebec
Champlain
1603: sailed to France on Francois Grave Du Pont's expedition up the St. Lawrence and Saguenay
Riversexplored the Gaspe Peninsula
1603: Returned to France and decided to search for a Northwest Passage and to settle the Gaspe Peninsula
Champlain
1604: Returned to Canada on Pierre de Mont's expedition.
1604-1607: sailed around and charted most of the coast of Nova Scotia (to the Bay of Fundy) and down the coast to Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard (Massachusetts), and later to Rhode Island
1605: After a short time in France, returned to Canada and helped found a colony in Port Royal, Nova Scotia
Champlain
1608: led 32 colonists to settle Quebec in order to establish it as a fur-trading center. Only nine colonists survived the winterMore arrive the next summer
Champlain
1609: befriended the Huron Indians and helped them fight the Iroquois (this battle led to 150 years of bitterness and hostility between the Iroquois and the French). It was during this venture that he
discovered Lake Champlain.
Champlain
1613: again sailed up the St. Lawrence & explored the Ottawa River.
1615: after returning from France, he retraced this route and ventured into what is now northern New York state and the eastern Great Lakes (Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario).
Champlain
Headed the Quebec settlement for years, until the English attacked and took the Fort at Quebec in July 1629.
Returned to France. After a French-British peace treaty in
1632, Quebec was once again French, and Champlain returned as its governor (1633).
He died from a stroke on Dec. 25, 1635.