The era of Good Feelings1817-1825

• Spirit of Nationalism in US•patriotism or national oneness•Country is united, confident, and growing•1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13.•National Bank•Jackson’s invasion of FL•Adams’s assertive diplomacy

• One political party---Republican party• Respect from Europe• Monroe first president to visit all states.• Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good

Feelings” had began.•But, time period was not free of problems.

• Cultural Nationalism • Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American society from

books and paintings of Revolutionary heroes to Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller that promoted patriotism

• Economic Nationalism• Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a political

movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy--------AMERICAN SYSTEM

• Political Nationalism• Movement to bring about the support for national government

over the states. Supreme court decisions support the concept of national government over the states.

Election of 1816

Election of 1820

James Monroe1817-1825

The Westward Push

Reasons for Westward Movement

• Population shift from the east to the West

• Acquisition of Native Americans’ lands• Land easy to obtain • Economic pressures • Improved transportation • Immigration

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)

• Naval Disarmament between Great Britain and the US on the Great Lakes

Richard Rush

The Convention of 1818

Convention of 1818

• Joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for 10 years

• Northern boundary of the LA Territory set at the 49th parallel

• Shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland

Andrew jackson & Expansion

• August 1814: Treaty of Fort Jackson

• Creeks (including allies) forced to give 22 million acres

• Cherokee land included

• Treaty of Ghent

• land would be returned to Indians

• Jackson refused; Madison didn’t want to cross popular hero

• Many Creeks move into FL

Jackson & FL• Seminole Indians,

runaway slaves and white outlaws conducted raids into US territory and retreated to safety into FL

• Dec 1817

• Jackson ordered to cross into FL and attack Seminoles but no Spanish forts even if housed Seminoles

First Seminole War 1817-

18

Jackson & FL• Sec. of War Calhoun wanted Jackson court

martialed

• Sec. of State J. Q. Adams (in Spain) supported Jackson

• Use Jackson’s action to his advantage to get Spain to sell FL

• Brits don’t press issue (trade)

• Speaker of the House Clay introduces censure motion in Congress

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

• Spain agreed:

• to give all of FL to US

• on border of CA

• US agreed:

• to pay $5 million

• to give up territorial claim to Texas

US Population Density

1810 1820

Monroe’s Presidency• Continued Madison’s programs and policy

• Tariff

• Internal improvements (with amendment)

• Sought to be president for all ppl

• End party divisions

• Problem:

• All ambitious politicians joined the Republican party

Nationalism• Required country to become

economically integrated in order to avoid regional conflicts

• The American System

• 2nd Bank of the US

• Tariff of 1816

• Internal Improvements at federal Expense

• National Road

• National Road: From Cumberland, VA to Illinois

New Roads & Canals

• Erie Canal: funded by New York State

• Started a canal building boom

SECTIONALISMSECTIONALISM

EconomyLeader

____________

Role ofGovernment

NORTHEAST

• Business and ManufacturingDaniel Webster_______________• Wanted Tariffs• Backed internal

improvements

End to cheap public land

• Increasingly nationalistic

• Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must

abolish it.

SOUTH

• Cotton-growingJohn C. Calhoun

_______________

• Opposed tariffs and government

spending on American System

• Increasingly supportive of states’ rights

• Pro-slavery and opposed any

steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and

abolish it.

WEST

• Frontier agricultureHenry Clay

______________•Supported internal improvements and American System.• Wanted cheap

land• Loyal to the U.S.

Govt.• Against slavery

but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue

U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.

SECTIONAL DIFFERENCESSECTIONAL DIFFERENCES

EconomyLeader

__________

Role ofGovernment

EconomyLeader

__________

Role ofGovernment

NORTHEAST• Business and ManufacturingDaniel Webster

____________•Wanted Tariffs

• Backed internal

improvements•Wanted end to

cheap public land

• Increasingly nationalistic• Against

Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt.

must abolish it.

SECTIONAL DIFFERENCESSECTIONAL DIFFERENCES

EconomyLeader

__________

Role ofGovernment

SOUTH• Cotton growing• John C. Calhoun

_____________• Opposed tariffs and

government spending on

American System

• Increasingly supportive of states’ rights• Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of

the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it.

SECTIONAL DIFFERENCESSECTIONAL DIFFERENCESWEST

• Frontier agriculture• Henry Clay_____________

• Supported internal improvements •Wanted cheap land• Loyal to the U.S. Govt.• Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue

EconomyLeader

__________

Role ofGovernment

Slavery and Missouri• 1st piece of LA Territory to apply for statehood

• Threatened balance of power in Senate (11 free/11 slave)

• The Tallmadge Amendment

• prohibited the further introduction of slaves into Missouri

• All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25.

• Passed by the House, not in the Senate.• The North controlled the House, and the South had

enough power to block it in the Senate.• Seen by Southerners as attempt to deprive white ppl

of Missouri of their constitutional equality

Missouri Compromise

• Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills

• Missouri to be admitted as a slave state

• Maine to be admitted as a free state

• In the rest of LA Territory north of latitude 36 30’, slavery prohibited

Impact of the Compromise• No emancipation against the

wish of white majority

• States to be admitted in pairs

• The breakup of Republican party along sectional lines

• Senate became more powerful

• Enhanced reputation of Henry Clay

• Southern solidarity

Southern Fears

• Prospect of North uniting and using greater pop. to force a resolution to slavery problem upon the South

• threatened emancipation

• united North could use its power to promote its economic interests

• stronger federal govt = the greater the potential danger if it fell under hostile northern control

• Claimed by the US, Great Britain and Russia

• Russia was claiming California too

Monroe Doctrine

• Russia, France, Austria and Prussia

• against republics and democracies

• Would they help Spain?

• Joint US-British warning to European powers not to intervene in SOuth America?

JQA: We should go it alone

• Joint action would limit US expansion in hemisphere in future

• IF US acts alone, Britain would stand behind the US policy

• No European power would go to war in S.A.. British navy would defeat them.

• Monroe agreed with Adams

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• European powers not tin interfere with “American continents”

• “by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power.”

• Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine.

• It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and

isolationist policies.• Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas

off-limits to Europe

• Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine.

• It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and

isolationist policies.• Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas

off-limits to Europe

Monroe Doctrine

US recognized existing

European Colonies

US recognized existing

European Colonies

US will stay out of European

affairs

US will stay out of European

affairs

US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere

No European Colonization in the Americas

US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere

No European Colonization in the Americas

Election of 1824:The “Corrupt Bargain”

Candidate Popular VoteElectoral Vote

Andrew Jackson 43% 99

J.Q. Adams 31% 84

William Crawford

13% 41

Henry Clay 13% 37

Election goes to the House

The Corrupt Bargain

• SOH Clay backs Adams

• House elects Adams

• Adams appoints Clay as Sec. of State

• Jackson supporters cry “corrupt bargain”

John Q. Adams(1825-1829)

• One of the hardest workers and intellectuals ever in W.H.

• Promoted manufacturing, agriculture, arts, literature and science

• Lacked the “common touch”

• Refused to play politics