Enlightenment and the American Revolution World History.
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Transcript of Enlightenment and the American Revolution World History.
Enlightenment and Enlightenment and the American the American
RevolutionRevolutionWorld HistoryWorld History
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How does the Scientific Revolution
challenge the THEOCRACIES
THEOCRACIES and
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES of the
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES of the
1700s1700s?
Philosophes Apply the Scientific Revolution to Society to solve problems: 1700-1800s
The enlig
htenm
ent
The enlig
htenm
ent
Philosophes Apply the Scientific Revolution in: 1700-1800s
Time o
f illu
min
ation
Time o
f illu
min
ation
Denis DiderotDenis Diderot
Essential Question
Why would an Encyclopedia be
revolutionary during the Enlightenment?
Philosophe, Thomas Hobbes
Philosophe, john locke
Philosophe, john locke
• Rulers are NOT absolute in power and must remain bound to laws of reason and nature• Should protect people’s natural rights• Humans have free will • Idea of divine right and kings is NONSENSE!!!
• Citizens have the right to overthrow the ruler if the ruler does not represent the people• Sovereignty
Ideas of modern democracy
Philosophe, Baron de Montesquieu
It’s NATURAL for rulers with ABSOLUTE POWER to use power in corrupt manner… therefore… we must…
Baron
de
MontesquieuMontesquieu
Philosophe, Baron de Montesquieu
…spread power evenly over three branches of government – ensures freedom, liberty, no corruption…
SEPARATION OF POWERS (Checks & Balances)
a. Legislative – Made laws (Congress)
b. Executive – Administered laws (Pres.)
c. Judicial – Interpreted and applied laws (Supreme & Federal Courts.)
Philosophe, jean jacques Philosophe, jean jacques rousseau rousseau believed that people are…believed that people are…
Philosophe, jean jacques Philosophe, jean jacques rousseaurousseau
• He believed the best He believed the best government used government used POPULAR POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY or a SOVEREIGNTY or a vote by all of the vote by all of the peoplepeople
• ““General Will” General Will” OR OR Common GoodCommon Good
• A Social Contract is A Social Contract is necessary.necessary.
MAJORITY RULESMAJORITY RULES
Philosophe, Voltaire
• Used public opinion to fight injusticeUsed public opinion to fight injustice
““I do not agree with a word I do not agree with a word
you say, but I will fight to the you say, but I will fight to the
death for your right to say it.” death for your right to say it.”
Believed the perfect government needed Believed the perfect government needed freedom of speech and of religion.freedom of speech and of religion.
Assignment applying Assignment applying Enlightenment ThinkersEnlightenment Thinkers
Create an Encyclopedia Cover, Create an Encyclopedia Cover, authored by Diderot using authored by Diderot using
each last name as a piece of each last name as a piece of “word art” to symbolize each “word art” to symbolize each philosophe’s belief of human philosophe’s belief of human
nature & government:nature & government:
* Voltaire* Voltaire
*Hobbes*Hobbes
*Locke*Locke
*Montesquieu*Montesquieu
*Rousseau*Rousseau
… … Or Write a Poem titled: “Ode to Or Write a Poem titled: “Ode to Reason” reflecting the human Reason” reflecting the human nature & government nature & government expressions of:expressions of:
* Diderot* Diderot
*Voltaire*Voltaire
*Hobbes*Hobbes
*Locke*Locke
*Montisquieu*Montisquieu
*Rousseau*Rousseau
Enlightenment Ideas Spread 1775-1783
The right to unalienable rights and the right to representation
Enlightenment Ideas Spread 1775-1783: Background
• Background•Opportunity in colonies=cheap,
land, social advancements, new identity
•British needed to pay for the French and Indian War (Britain v. France over power in North America and Caribbean) =taxed colonies
Causes of the American Revolution
“Great upheavals in history occur when circumstances are ripe.”
Causes of the American Revolution
“Great upheavals in history occur when circumstances are ripe.”
Assignment Assignment Causes of the American Causes of the American
Revolution Revolution Mission:
• Analyze the political cartoon “Causes of the American Revolution”
• Identify the symbols that outline the causes of the war
• Use your textbook (pages 182-184) to create a detailed timeline explaining the causes of the American Revolution
Major Topics:
• French and Indian War
1754-1763
• Trade Laws 1764
• Stamp Act 1765
• Townshend Act 1767
• Boston Massacre 1770
• Boston Tea Party 1773
• Intolerable Act 1774
Causes of the American Revolution:
1. French and Indian War
2. Taxes on Colonies1. Stamp Act 1767: Stamps on newspapers,
public documents, legal papers (help pay war debt)
2. Townsend Act 1767: Tax on glass, paints, tea1. Boston Massacre 1770: Merchants in Boston called
for a boycott of British goods=British sent troops to keep order=shots fired, kill 5 people=repealed most taxes except that on TEA
Causes of the American Revolution
Causes of the American Revolution:
3. Colonists React to British
*Public Assembly: led to Boston Massacre
*Civil Disobedience: Sons of Liberty (Samuel Adams & Paul Revere) protest by dumping tea into harbor=Boston Tea Party 1773
*Representation: 1st Continental Congress 1774 (Philadelphia), list of grievances
NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENATION
Causes of the American Revolution:
4. British Counters Opposition: *Intolerable Acts -limited rights of colonists even more after Boston Tea Party (Boston port closed, British troops can’t be punished, British Governor in charge, no rights!)
*Lexington and Concord 1775=British troops leave Boston in search for hidden weapons, meet militiamen in Lexington and Concord
5. Declaration of Independence: *2nd Continental Congress 1776: July 4, 1776*Thomas Jefferson wrote using Locke and Rousseau and English Bill of Rights
Causes of the American Revolution: Causes of the American Revolution: ReviewReview
French & Indian War: Britain Needs $ Blame Colonies for Cost SO….TAX THE COLONIES
↓Stamp Act & Townsend Act
↓Boston Massacre
↓Boston Tea Party
↓Intolerable Act
↓ REVOLT (build up weapons Britain send more troops)
““Great upheavals in history occur when circumstances are ripe.”Great upheavals in history occur when circumstances are ripe.”
Lexington and Concord 1775= Shots Heard Around the World:
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
Why were the first shots of the American revolution considered the “Shots heard around the world?”
Write a critical response using your current knowledge.
THINK!!!!
Declaring IndependenceDeclaring Independence
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE • 2nd Continental Congress 1776: July 4, 1776• Thomas Jefferson wrote using Enlightenment
thought
It’s a brave new world in America!It’s a brave new world in America!Out with monarchy and in with democracy!Out with monarchy and in with democracy!
Rights of individuals!Rights of individuals!Government must answer to the people!Government must answer to the people!
Declaration of Independence• Drafted by Thomas Thomas
JeffersonJefferson• People had the right to
“alter or abolish unjust governments.”
• Popular sovereignty• All government power
comes from the people• King had trampled the
peoples’ natural rights.• Colonists now had the right
to rebel
Application Activity:Application Activity:
As we have alluded to the Enlightenment ideas of democracy impacted the American revolution and the founding of our nation. It is now your job to make the proper connections.
1. Work with a partner near you. 2. Read the excerpts from the Declaration of Independence
3. Highlight, Define, Visualize, Clarify, Predict 4. Write the ideas in everyday words make it simple to
understand 5. Match the proper Enlightenment philosophe(s) with the idea(s)
expressed in the excerpt
Articles of Confederation 1781
• Created National Government with little power because they didn’t want to create a mini-me Britain
• Could not tax
• Could not navigate with foreign nations
• It failed…SO
United States Constitution 1789
The Constitution – page 186-187The Constitution – page 186-187
• Used ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire
• Created a Representative Democracy (REPUBLIC)• Government in which power is divided between
the national (or federal government) and the states• Separation of powers (3 branches)
• Citizens VOTE • Bill of Rights added later: Amendments 1-10
Federalist Papers – Writing campaign to convince American citizens to ratify the new Constitution
First President: George Washington.