The English Civil War HENRY VIII Henry VIII creates the Church of England (WHY?) with Parliament’s...
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The English Civil War
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HENRY VIII• Henry VIII creates the
Church of England (WHY?)
with Parliament’s help• Henry VIII is married 6
times (has 3 surviving children - Mary, Elizabeth, Edward)
• Upon his death, Edward takes the throne (very Protestant!)
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• After Edward dies, Mary becomes queen of England (very Catholic!)
• Mary dies without an heir; Elizabeth (Protestant) becomes queen
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Queen Elizabeth I• Makes England a
Protestant country• Solidifies ties to Scotland &
Ireland• Made England one of the
most powerful nations in Europe
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England’s Religious Rollercoaster!
Henry VIII - Catholic
Henry VIII- Protestant
Edward VI - Protestant
Queen Mary-
CatholicElizabeth I- Protestant
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Queen Elizabeth I• Makes England a
Protestant country• Solidifies ties to Scotland &
Ireland• Made England one of the
most powerful nations in Europe
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• When Elizabeth dies, the Tudor Dynasty ends (why?)
• James (VI) I of Scotland (her
cousin) becomes king; begins the Stuart Dynasty
• Trouble ahead….
Pretty cool
that I’m James VI
of Scotland AND James I
of England
!
James I
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• Trouble started when James I took the throne after Elizabeth died
• Believed he had divine right• His greatest weakness: – always asking Parliament for
money to fund his extravagant lifestyle ; What is Parliament?
• Parliament and the people were not always happy with his foreign policy
James I
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• James was head of church and state• The Puritans felt there was still too
much Catholic influence in the Church of England and wanted to “purify” it
• James refused reforms except for new translation of bible
• James felt criticism of the church meant you were not a loyal subject and you should leave
James I & Religion
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Charles I (1625-1649)
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• Charles I, Son of James, he also believed in divine right, opposed Puritans and married a Catholic
• Repeatedly asked Parliament for money • When a request for money was denied
he:• Put areas under martial law• Dissolved Parliament• Quartered troops in private homes
Charles I & Abuse of Power
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• Parliament got fed up and the next time the king asked for money, they made him sign the Petition of Right
• Said the King WILL NOT: • Imprison unlawfully• House troops in private homes• Pass taxes without Parliament’s approval
• Charles signed it to get his money…but then ignored it & dissolved Parliament again!
• Ruled for 11 years as an absolute ruler!
•
Charles I & Abuse of Power
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• Charles persecuted Puritans• Thousands of Puritans went on to seek
religious freedom in the American colonies
• Charles further angered Scotland when he tried to force Anglican prayer on them
• They were prepared to defend their freedom…
Charles I & Religion
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ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
The English Civil War
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• The Scots invaded England and the Irish rebelled over the practice of land grants
• Charles was in desperate need of money
• He was forced to call Parliament back and they were determined to limit his power
• Charles refused to agree to their demands and both sides prepared for war!
Beginnings of War
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• Cavaliers - those who supported Charles I; nobles and landowners from north
• Roundheads - supporters of Parliament and Puritans; came from south
• Roundheads were led by • Oliver Cromwell• 4 yrs of conflict• Parliament won and Charles was
executed
English Civil War
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The Beheading of Charles I
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Oliver Cromwell Rules• After Charles I was executed the Monarchy & the House of Lords were abolished
• Oliver Cromwell was made Lord Protector of England
• Cromwell placed England under military rule…
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Oliver Cromwell Rules• Crushed the Irish rebellion• Strict morality – abolished theater, sporting events, drinking, dancing, & even Christmas celebrations!
• When he died, people wanted a change & restored the monarch under Charles II
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Horrible Histories
• English Civil War Song• http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tl0LL6yWGRU
• English Civil War News Report• http://
moodle.llanishen.cardiff.sch.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=5273