The Endocrine System - kau hormones(student).pdf · CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES ... c. Identify...
Transcript of The Endocrine System - kau hormones(student).pdf · CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES ... c. Identify...
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 1 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
The Endocrine
System (part 1)
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 2 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Lab objectives:
a. Visualize the histological arrangement of the different glands
and recognize those cell types belonging to each.
b. Match the cell types with the hormones secreted.
c. Identify endocrine glands seen in dissected model animal
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 3 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Pre-lesson exercise:
Relax !! And try to enjoy the relaxation session in the class with your
friend..
Open your eyes.
What is your body doing right now?
Why do you think your body was doing this?
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 4 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Part 1: gross examination for the gland (rabbit):
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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1.1 hypothalamus:
More information:
The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis. It has regulatory areas
for thirst, hunger, body temperature, water balance, and blood
pressure, and links the nervous system to the endocrine system.
It's also secret Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH),
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Corticotropin-releasing
hormone (CRH), Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Prolactin
Inhibitory Factor (PIF, dopamine), Oxytocin, Arginine vasopressin
(AVP), also called antidiurectic hormone (ADH), Somatostatin.
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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1.2 Pituitary gland :
\
T.S of pituitary gland
The pituitary gland consists of:
Adenohypohysis:
Pars distalis - the largest section
Pars tuberalis - a collar of tissue that usually surrounds the
infundibular stalk
Pars intermedia - a narrow band that is usually separated from the
pars distalis by a hypophyseal cleft
Neurohypohysis:
Pars nervosa - the bulk of the posterior pituitary
Median emminence - the upper section of the neurohypophysis above
the pars tuberalis
Infundibular stalk - the "stem" that connects the pars nervosa to the
base of the brain
Assistance box
Optic = sight
Chiasm = lines that cross
Pars = part
Distalis = faraway
Intermedia = middle
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 7 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
1.2.1 pars distalis of Pituitary gland:
T.S. of pars distalis of Pituitary gland
There is three types of cells in the pars distalis of Pituitary gland:
Acidophils have cytoplasm that stains red or orange
Basophils have cytoplasm that stains a bluish color
Chromophobes have cytoplasm that stains very poorly
Assistance box
-phils = like
-phobes = dislike
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 8 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Please draw the vertical section of the pars distalis of pituitary
gland that you see under the microscope in high magnification
More information :
The pars distalis secretes Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid-
stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
(ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Lutenizing
hormone (LH),and Prolactin.
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 9 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
1.2.2 pars intermedia of Pituitary gland:
T.S. of pars intermedia of Pituitary gland
The pars intermedia may be identified between the pars distalis
and pars nervosa The pars intermedia contain large pale cells that
often surround follicles filled with "colloid".
Follicles filled with colloid
Assistance box
Colloid = resembling glue
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 10 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Please draw the vertical section of the pars intermedia of pituitary
gland that you see under the microscope in high magnification
More information:
The pars intermedia secretes Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(MSH).
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 11 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
1.2.3 pars nervosa of Pituitary gland:
T.S. of pars nervosa of Pituitary gland
There is two types of cells in the pars nervosa of Pituitary gland:
Herring's bodies are the distended neuron terminals, near blood vessels
for hormone transport when stimulated.
Pituicytes have a supporting function like Astrocytes.
Assistance box
Herring = small
Bodies = shape
-cyte = cell
Nuclei = A plural of
nucleus
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 12 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Please draw the vertical section of the pars nervosa of pituitary
gland that you see under the microscope in low magnification
More information:
The pars nervosa stores ADH and Oxytocin which were
secreted by the hypothalamus.
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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More images:
T.S of pituitary gland
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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T.S. of pars distalis of Pituitary gland
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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T.S. of pars intermedia of Pituitary gland
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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T.S. of pars nervosa of Pituitary gland
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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1.3 Pineal gland (Pineal body):
T.S of pineal gland
In the pineal we find
two cell types:
pinealocytes (about
95% of the cells;
large, light and round
nuclei) and astrocytes
(glial cells; dark,
elongated nuclei). Also
present are several
calcified concretions,
called brain sand or
corpora arenacea.
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 18 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
More information:
Pineal gland located on brainstem between midbrain and thalamus
that secretes melatonin .
Please draw the vertical section of
the pineal gland that you see under the microscope
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 19 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
More image:
T.S of pineal gland
Assistance box
astro- = star-shaped
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 20 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
1.4 thyroid gland
T.S. of thyroid gland
Cuboidle follicle cells
Interfollicular
connective tissue
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 21 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Please draw the vertical section of
thyroid gland that you see under the microscope
The thyroid gland is composed of many spherical hollow sacs
called thyroid follicles. Each follicle appears as an irregular
circle of cells.
The principal cells, which surround the follicle are simple
cuboidal epithelium.
These follicles are filled with a colloid.
Between these follicles are the parafollicular cells which
produce calcitonin
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 22 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
More images:
T.S. of thyroid gland
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 23 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
1.5 parathyroied gland :
T.S. of parathyroid gland
The parathyroid glands are
composed of two major cell
types, the chief cells and the
oxyphils. The majority of the
cells are cheif cells. These
cells are small, dark-staining
cells. The oxyphil cells are
larger cells that typically
display an eosinophilic
cytoplasm. Only a few oxyphils
are present in the typical
section. The function of these
cells is not yet known.
Assistance box
Oxyphil = acidophilic
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 24 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Please draw the vertical section of
parathyroid gland that you see under the microscope
More information :
Parathyroid is four tiny glands located behind, next to,
or below the thyroid secrete Parathyroid hormone
(PTH)
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 25 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
More image:
T.S. of parathyroid gland
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 26 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
1.6 pancreas :
T.S. of pancreas
Under a microscope, stained
sections of the pancreas reveal
two different types of tissue.
Lightly staining clusters of cells
are called islets of Langerhans,
which produce hormones that
underlie the endocrine functions
of the pancreas. Darker staining
cells form acini connected to
ducts. Acinar cells belong to the
exocrine pancreas and secrete
digestive enzymes into the gut via
a system of ducts.
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 27 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Please draw the vertical section of
pancreas that you see under the microscope
More information:
There are four main cell types in the islets. They are relatively
difficult to distinguish using standard staining techniques, but
they can be classified by their secretion: α cells secrete
glucagon, β cells secrete insulin, δ cells secrete somatostatin,
and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.[
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 28 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
More images:
T.S. of pancreas
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 29 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Reference :
http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodynervousadvanced/956/
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P
202/Endocrine_System/histology_jpgs/pituitary_40x_P2252250lbd.JP
G
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/443326/45809/The-
glands-of-the-human-endocrine-system
http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-
200/022endocrine2.htm
http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/endocrine/p
arathyroid_and_thyroid_glands_20x.jpg
http://ericir.syr.edu/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Anatomy/ANA0006.html
http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/histolab3g.htm
http://faculty.une.edu/com/abell/histo/Histolab8.ht
http://heidimatchembiol4550.blogspot.com/2008/09/assignment-1-my-
favourite-hormone.html
http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/narcolepsy/backgroun
d.html
http://history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-19.htm
http://www.histology-world.com/contents/contents.htm#endocrine
http://www.immunohistochemistryprotocols.com/pituitary-gland-
histology/
http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Endocrines/Endocrin
.htm
http://www.lakemichigancollege.edu/liberal/bio/anat/endocr.html
http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/head/thyroid.htm
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
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http://medicine.huji.ac.il/depts/humangenetics/dor/dor.html
http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year1/histo/review/lab16.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8883.htm
http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/38_08.jpg
http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/38_12.jpg
http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Text%20Sections/Endocrine.html
http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/GI138b.htm
http://www.thebrainwiki.com/pmwiki.php?n=Forebrain.Hypothalamus
http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/endocrinehistology.html
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hypothalamu
s.html#somatostatin
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/ana
tomy.html
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/hist
o_adeno.html
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/hist
o_pit.html
http://webanatomy.net/histology/endocrine_histology.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas
Human Anatomy, First Edition, McKinley & O'Loughlin
CHAPTER 1- ANIMAL HORMONES
Revisioned by: 31 Done by: Suzan Al-Harbi , Nuha zelai , Hanan Alyehia Dr.Sohila Qari
Movie links :
Endocrine system:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrMi4GikWwQ&feature=related
Hypothalamus :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1sZ47s8h_M
pituitary gland :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vae5CcaPN_8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CETqlHYCCN0
thyroid gland:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7V0HB4cKIMw
parathyroid gland :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vn9crOgnGgs
Games :
http://www.histology-world.com/gameshow/endocrine.htm
http://www.histology-world.com/matchup/endocrine.htm
http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz608706fa9d8.html