Endocrine System Hormones Reproduction
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Transcript of Endocrine System Hormones Reproduction
2006-2007 AP Biology
Endocrine SystemHormones
Reproduction
Regents Biology
Hormones Why are hormones needed?
chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body
communication needed to coordinate whole body
__________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________
growth hormones
Regents Biology
Endocrine System Endocrine system releases hormones
__________________________ __________________________
chemicals cause changes in other parts of body
slow, long-lasting responsegrowth hormonessex hormonesresponse hormonesmetabolism hormonesand more….
Regents Biology
Regulation by chemical messengers
axon
endocrine gland
________________
target cell
___________________ released by neurons ______________ release by endocrine glands
________________
hormone carried by blood
neurotransmitter
Regents Biology
Glands __________________
melatonin __________________
many hormones: master gland
__________________ thyroxine
__________________ adrenaline
__________________ insulin, glucagon
__________________ estrogen
__________________ testosterone
Regents Biology
Body Regulation
hormones hormones
Nervous system & Endocrine system work together _________________________
“__________________________” receives information from
nerves around body about internal conditions
communicates with _________________________
“________________________” releases many hormones
sexual development, growth, milk production, pain-relief
Regents Biology
Maintaining homeostasis
high
low
hormone 1
lowersbody condition
hormone 2
gland
specific body condition
raisesbody condition gland
Negative FeedbackModel
Regents Biology
Negative Feedback Response to changed body condition
every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back to normal level
once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off
high
hormone 1
lowersbody condition
gland
specific body condition
Regents Biology
Controlling Body Temperature
high
low
nerve signals
sweat
nerve signals
brain
body temperature
shiver brain
dilates surfaceblood vessels
constricts surfaceblood vessels
Nervous System Control Feedback
Regents Biology
liver
pancreas
liver
Regulation of Blood Sugar
blood sugar level
insulin
body cells takeup sugar
from blood
liver storessugar
reducesappetite
pancreas
liver releases
sugartriggershunger
high
low
FeedbackEndocrine System Control
Regents Biology
Sex & Growth Hormones Large scale body
changes how do they work
_________________ start new processes
in the body by turning genes on that were lying “dormant”
Regents Biology
Pituitary gland hormones Sex & reproductive hormones
________________ _______________________________ stimulates egg & sperm production
________________ _______________________________ stimulates ovaries & testes prepares uterus for fertilized egg
oxytocin stimulates childbirth contractions releases milk in nursing mothers
prolactin milk production in nursing mothers
hormones hormones
Regents Biology
Reproductive hormones _______________
_______________ sperm production
& secondary sexual characteristics
_______________ _______________ egg production,
preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics
Regents Biology
Sperm production over 100 million produced per day! ~2.5 million released per drop!
Male reproductive system
Regents Biology
spermatocytes
seminiferoustubule
sperm
Regents Biology
Male reproductive system
Testes & epididymis sperm production &
maturation Glands
seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethal
produce seminal fluid
nutrient-rich
Regents Biology
Male reproductive system ______________________________
produces sperm & hormones ______________________________
sac that holds testicles outside of body ______________________________
where sperm mature ______________________________
tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis Prostate, seminal vesicles,
Cowper’s (bulbourethal) glands nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm
Regents Biology
Female reproductive system
Regents Biology
Female reproductive system ______________________________
produces eggs & hormones ______________________________
nurtures fetus; lining builds up each month ______________________________
tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus ______________________________
opening to uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby ______________________________
birth canal for birthing baby
Regents Biology
Female reproductive system
Regents Biology
Egg maturation in ovary
releasesprogesterone
maintainsuteruslining
produces estrogen
Regents Biology
LH
FSH
estrogenprogesterone
lining of uterus
egg developmentovulation = egg release
corpus luteum
0 7 14 21 28days
Menstrual cycle Controlled by
interaction of 4 hormones FSH & LH estrogen progesterone
Regents Biology
corpusluteumovary
Female reproductive cycle
pregnancy
maintainsuterus lining
no
yes
Feedback
estrogenegg
matures &is released(ovulation)
builds up uterus lining
FSH & LH
progesterone
fertilized egg
HCG
corpus luteum breaks downprogesterone drops
menstruation
maintainsuterus lining
GnRH
hypothalamus
Regents Biology
Female hormones FSH & LH
_______________________________________ stimulates egg development & hormone release peak release = release of egg (ovulation)
Estrogen _______________________________________ stimulates growth of lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation
Progesterone _______________________________________
cells that used to take care of developing egg stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus decreasing levels causes menstruation
Regents Biology
Fertilization
2006-2007 AP Biology
Any Questions??
Regents Biology
What do they do? Maintain homeostasis
blood sugar level temperature control
Start a new process growth fetal development sexual development
Body Temperature
Regents Biology
Negative Feedback Negative feedback
every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back body temperature control of blood sugar