THE END OF THE THE END OF THE VIETNAM WARVIETNAM WAR

CHAPTER 30, SECTION 5CHAPTER 30, SECTION 5

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

VIETNAMIZATIONVIETNAMIZATION SILENT MAJORITYSILENT MAJORITY PENTAGON PAPERSPENTAGON PAPERS HENRY KISSINGERHENRY KISSINGER KHMER ROUGEKHMER ROUGE WAR POWERS ACTWAR POWERS ACT

IMPORTANT DATESIMPORTANT DATES

MARCH, 1968MARCH, 1968: THE MY LAI MASSACRE: THE MY LAI MASSACRE 19691969: VIETNAMIZATION BEGINS: VIETNAMIZATION BEGINS MAY, 1970MAY, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA 19711971: THE PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED: THE PENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED DEC., 1972DEC., 1972: THE CHRISTMAS BOMBINGS: THE CHRISTMAS BOMBINGS MARCH, 1973MARCH, 1973: U.S. COMBAT TROOPS : U.S. COMBAT TROOPS

LEAVE VIETNAMLEAVE VIETNAM NOV., 1973NOV., 1973: WAR POWERS ACT PASSES: WAR POWERS ACT PASSES 19751975: FALL OF SAIGON & SOUTH VIETNAM: FALL OF SAIGON & SOUTH VIETNAM

Lt. William Calley, U.S.A. (Below) Lt. William Calley, U.S.A. (Below) & My Lai Village (Right)& My Lai Village (Right)

WILLIAM CALLEY ON WILLIAM CALLEY ON TIME TIME MAGAZINE COVER, 1971MAGAZINE COVER, 1971

Charlie Company landing at My Lai, March 19, 1968Charlie Company landing at My Lai, March 19, 1968

Charlie Company members Charlie Company members in My Laiin My Lai

Charlie Company member takes aim, My Lai, March 19, 1968Charlie Company member takes aim, My Lai, March 19, 1968

Dead civilians, My Lai, March 19, 1968Dead civilians, My Lai, March 19, 1968

Charlie Company “WIA”, My Lain, Charlie Company “WIA”, My Lain, March 19, 1968March 19, 1968

Charlie Company members aid wounded child, My Lai, March 19, 1968Charlie Company members aid wounded child, My Lai, March 19, 1968

Warrant Officer Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson, Hugh Thompson,

U.S. Army, U.S. Army, Recipient - Recipient -

Distinguished Flying Distinguished Flying CrossCross

““THERE IS NOT A DAY THAT THERE IS NOT A DAY THAT GOES BY THAT I DON’T GOES BY THAT I DON’T FEEL REMORSE FOR WHAT FEEL REMORSE FOR WHAT HAPPENED THAT DAY IN MY HAPPENED THAT DAY IN MY LAI.”LAI.”

WILLIAM CALLEY, AUGUST 19, 2009WILLIAM CALLEY, AUGUST 19, 2009

DE-ESCALATION DE-ESCALATION NOV., 1968: NIXON WINS ELECTIONNOV., 1968: NIXON WINS ELECTION

HAD PROMISED TO GAIN HAD PROMISED TO GAIN ““PEACE WITH HONORPEACE WITH HONOR”” FOR THE FOR THE U.S. = VIETNAMIZATIONU.S. = VIETNAMIZATION

1969: VIETNAMIZATION BEINGS1969: VIETNAMIZATION BEINGS U.S. CREDIBILITY DAMAGED BY NEWS OF U.S. CREDIBILITY DAMAGED BY NEWS OF MY LAIMY LAI

MASSACREMASSACRE (MARCH, 1968) (MARCH, 1968) 1970: ANTI-WAR PROTESTS REACH ALL-TIME HIGH1970: ANTI-WAR PROTESTS REACH ALL-TIME HIGH April, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA: WHY?April, 1970: U.S. INVADES CAMBODIA: WHY?

NVA / VC USED CAMBODIA AS SANCTUARYNVA / VC USED CAMBODIA AS SANCTUARY HO CHI MINH TRAIL USED PART OF CAMBODIAHO CHI MINH TRAIL USED PART OF CAMBODIA PROTESTS BECOME MORE VIOLENTPROTESTS BECOME MORE VIOLENT MAY, 1970: MAY, 1970: KENT STATE RIOTKENT STATE RIOT

• 4 killed4 killed• 9 wounded9 wounded

KENT STATE HURTS NIXON’S IMAGEKENT STATE HURTS NIXON’S IMAGE

Ohio National Guard Approaches Ohio National Guard Approaches students at Kent Statestudents at Kent State

THE END OF THE WARTHE END OF THE WAR JUNE, 1971: JUNE, 1971: PENTAGON PAPERSPENTAGON PAPERS RELEASED RELEASED

DEFINE: GOV’T. DOCUMENTS PROVING THAT LBJ ADMIN. HAD DEFINE: GOV’T. DOCUMENTS PROVING THAT LBJ ADMIN. HAD PLANNED TO SEND COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM BEFORE 1964PLANNED TO SEND COMBAT TROOPS TO VIETNAM BEFORE 1964

DOCUMENTS RELEASED BY DOCUMENTS RELEASED BY DANIEL ELLSBERGDANIEL ELLSBERG DOCUMENTS CONVINCE MANY THAT GOV’T CAN’T BE TRUSTEDDOCUMENTS CONVINCE MANY THAT GOV’T CAN’T BE TRUSTED

U.S. CONITNUES PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:U.S. CONITNUES PEACE NEGOTIATIONS: HENRY KISSINGERHENRY KISSINGER, NIXON’S NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR, , NIXON’S NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR,

HANDLES NEGOTIATIONSHANDLES NEGOTIATIONS JAN., 1973: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS SIGNEDJAN., 1973: PEACE NEGOTIATIONS SIGNED MARCH, 1973: LAST U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE VIETNAMMARCH, 1973: LAST U.S. COMBAT TROOPS LEAVE VIETNAM S.VIETNAM / ARVN NOW HANDLE THE WARS.VIETNAM / ARVN NOW HANDLE THE WAR

MARCH, 1975: MARCH, 1975: NVA CAPTURE SAIGONNVA CAPTURE SAIGON S.VIETNAM FALLSS.VIETNAM FALLS COMMUNISTS UNIFY VIETNAM / WIN WARCOMMUNISTS UNIFY VIETNAM / WIN WAR

FINAL RESULTS FOR U.S.:FINAL RESULTS FOR U.S.: KIA: 58,000KIA: 58,000 WIA: 360,000WIA: 360,000

1973 U.S. Troops1973 U.S. Troops

Arrive in AmericaArrive in America

U.S. Troops after U.S. Troops after

hearing news of thehearing news of the

U.S. withdrawalU.S. withdrawal

Pres. NixonPres. Nixon

& Kissinger& Kissinger

OTHER EFFECTSOTHER EFFECTS CAMBODIA:CAMBODIA:

SIEZED BY EXTREMIST COMMUNISTS CALLED SIEZED BY EXTREMIST COMMUNISTS CALLED THE THE KHMER ROUGEKHMER ROUGE

LED BY LED BY POL POTPOL POT KHMER ROUGE WANT TO MAKE CAMBODIA KHMER ROUGE WANT TO MAKE CAMBODIA

TOTAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETYTOTAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY WESTERNERS EXILED / CAMBODIANS FORCED WESTERNERS EXILED / CAMBODIANS FORCED

INTO LABOR COMMUNESINTO LABOR COMMUNES 1975-79: 1975-79: 3 MILLION CAMBODIANS KILLED3 MILLION CAMBODIANS KILLED

U.S. GOVERNMENT:U.S. GOVERNMENT: 1973: 1973: WAR POWERS ACTWAR POWERS ACT PASSED PASSED DEFINE:DEFINE:

• PRES. MUST INFORM CONGRESS W/IN 48 HRS. OF PRES. MUST INFORM CONGRESS W/IN 48 HRS. OF SENDING COMBAT FORCES INTO HOSTILE AREA SENDING COMBAT FORCES INTO HOSTILE AREA W/OUT DECLARATION OF WARW/OUT DECLARATION OF WAR

• PRES. MAY NOT KEEP COMBAT FORCES IN HOSTILE PRES. MAY NOT KEEP COMBAT FORCES IN HOSTILE AREA MORE THAN 90 DAYS W/OUT CONGRESSIONAL AREA MORE THAN 90 DAYS W/OUT CONGRESSIONAL APPROVALAPPROVAL

VIETNAM WAR MEMORIAL, VIETNAM WAR MEMORIAL, Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

VIETNAM MEMORIALVIETNAM MEMORIAL