Nixon Moves to End the Vietnam War Chapter 17 - Section 4.
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Transcript of Nixon Moves to End the Vietnam War Chapter 17 - Section 4.
Nixon Moves to End Nixon Moves to End the Vietnam Warthe Vietnam War
Nixon Moves to End Nixon Moves to End the Vietnam Warthe Vietnam War
Chapter 17 - Section 4Chapter 17 - Section 4Chapter 17 - Section 4Chapter 17 - Section 4
OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview
1. Nixon working to end war thru “Vietnamization”
2. My Lai Massacre
3. Invasion of Cambodia
4. Kent State Protests
5. Pentagon Papers
1. Nixon working to end war thru “Vietnamization”
2. My Lai Massacre
3. Invasion of Cambodia
4. Kent State Protests
5. Pentagon Papers
Nixon Moves to End WarNixon Moves to End WarNixon Moves to End WarNixon Moves to End War
After taking office - Nixon moved to end war
Appointed Henry Kissinger to National Security Affairs (Nobel Peace Prize for ending war with Vietnam)
Kissinger negotiated with Le Duc Tho for 4 years trying to end the war
Policy called Linkage = improve relations with China and Soviet Union
Persuade them to cut back on their aide to Vietnam
Also negotiated cease fire / return of American POW’s & the fate of S. Vietnam
After taking office - Nixon moved to end war
Appointed Henry Kissinger to National Security Affairs (Nobel Peace Prize for ending war with Vietnam)
Kissinger negotiated with Le Duc Tho for 4 years trying to end the war
Policy called Linkage = improve relations with China and Soviet Union
Persuade them to cut back on their aide to Vietnam
Also negotiated cease fire / return of American POW’s & the fate of S. Vietnam
Nixon Moves to End War Nixon Moves to End War cont...cont...
Nixon Moves to End War Nixon Moves to End War cont...cont...
June 1969 - Nixon began to withdraw troops (25,000)
Process called Vietnamization = Am. troop withdrawal & S.Vietnamese take over fighting
Not a surrender but a reduction in forces
Nixon still wanted to maintain strong presence / help negotiate peace
To get N.V. to negotiate, Nixon began bombing VC in Cambodia
June 1969 - Nixon began to withdraw troops (25,000)
Process called Vietnamization = Am. troop withdrawal & S.Vietnamese take over fighting
Not a surrender but a reduction in forces
Nixon still wanted to maintain strong presence / help negotiate peace
To get N.V. to negotiate, Nixon began bombing VC in Cambodia
Invasion of CambodiaInvasion of CambodiaInvasion of CambodiaInvasion of Cambodia
Nixon invaded Cambodia to destroy VC bases
Upset many in congress & across country
Considered expanding the war / Protests broke out
Nixon invaded Cambodia to destroy VC bases
Upset many in congress & across country
Considered expanding the war / Protests broke out
Kent State MassacreKent State MassacreKent State MassacreKent State MassacreInvasion of Cambodia by Nixon sparked protests
Many viewed invasion of Cambodia as a widening of the war
Kent State University - May 1970 - National Guard fired on protestors without permission
Students killed 4 / wounded 9
More demonstration took place in the Nation and many colleges were closed
Invasion of Cambodia by Nixon sparked protests
Many viewed invasion of Cambodia as a widening of the war
Kent State University - May 1970 - National Guard fired on protestors without permission
Students killed 4 / wounded 9
More demonstration took place in the Nation and many colleges were closed
Massacre at My LaiMassacre at My LaiMassacre at My LaiMassacre at My Lai
1968 - Platoon under Lt. William Calley - massacred over 350 - 500 civilians -
Killed women/children/elderly / raped women
Lt. Calley went to prison for Crime
Concern for mental health of soldiers
1968 - Platoon under Lt. William Calley - massacred over 350 - 500 civilians -
Killed women/children/elderly / raped women
Lt. Calley went to prison for Crime
Concern for mental health of soldiers
My Lai MassacreMy Lai MassacreMy Lai MassacreMy Lai Massacre
Psychology
vs.
Morality
vs.
Orders
Were the soldiers to blame?
Psychology
vs.
Morality
vs.
Orders
Were the soldiers to blame?
Pentagon PapersPentagon PapersPentagon PapersPentagon PapersDaniel Ellsberg - (Former Defense worker) leaked information; Known as the “Pentagon Papers”
Papers: Revealed many in govt questioned the war
Contained decisions made by the president and advisors
Revealed how they deceived congress and public
1. Didn't notify congress of actions
2. Public lost faith on government
Daniel Ellsberg - (Former Defense worker) leaked information; Known as the “Pentagon Papers”
Papers: Revealed many in govt questioned the war
Contained decisions made by the president and advisors
Revealed how they deceived congress and public
1. Didn't notify congress of actions
2. Public lost faith on government
U.S. Pulls out of VietnamU.S. Pulls out of VietnamU.S. Pulls out of VietnamU.S. Pulls out of Vietnam
By 1971 - 2/3 of citizens wanted out
Kissinger Strikes peace deal 1 month before election
Nixon re-elected
Weeks after election - Peace talks broke down
By 1971 - 2/3 of citizens wanted out
Kissinger Strikes peace deal 1 month before election
Nixon re-elected
Weeks after election - Peace talks broke down
U.S. Pulls out of VietnamU.S. Pulls out of VietnamU.S. Pulls out of VietnamU.S. Pulls out of Vietnam
U.S. forced negotiations to resume
“Christmas Bombings”- B-52 Dropped thousands of tons of bombs for 12 days (paused on Christmas)
Peace talks resumed and on Jan 27, 1973 - End of War
U.S. forced negotiations to resume
“Christmas Bombings”- B-52 Dropped thousands of tons of bombs for 12 days (paused on Christmas)
Peace talks resumed and on Jan 27, 1973 - End of War
S. Vietnam FallsS. Vietnam FallsS. Vietnam FallsS. Vietnam Falls
After Troop withdrawal - March 1975 - N. Vietnamese launched invasion
S. Vietnam asked U.S.for help / Congress said = No
S. Vietnam under fell to communist rule
Nixon Resigned (Watergate) Gerald Ford took over presidency
After Troop withdrawal - March 1975 - N. Vietnamese launched invasion
S. Vietnam asked U.S.for help / Congress said = No
S. Vietnam under fell to communist rule
Nixon Resigned (Watergate) Gerald Ford took over presidency
War TollWar TollWar TollWar Toll
170 Billion Dollars
U.S. - 58,000 Dead / over 300,000 wounded
over 1 million North and South Vietnamese died
Countless civilians
Est. 1500 POW/MIA
170 Billion Dollars
U.S. - 58,000 Dead / over 300,000 wounded
over 1 million North and South Vietnamese died
Countless civilians
Est. 1500 POW/MIA
End of WarEnd of WarEnd of WarEnd of WarMany Soldiers had trouble adjusting to civilian life
War Powers Act - Established limits of Executive Power
President to inform congress of troop commitment in 48 hrs
Must withdraw in 60 to 90 days unless congress approves
Many Soldiers had trouble adjusting to civilian life
War Powers Act - Established limits of Executive Power
President to inform congress of troop commitment in 48 hrs
Must withdraw in 60 to 90 days unless congress approves
Questions???????Questions???????