The Employment Situation - December 2015 · 2016-01-08 · Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment...

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-16-0001 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 8, 2016 Technical information:

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2015 Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 292,000 in December, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains occurred in several industries, led by professional and business services, construction, health care, and food services and drinking places. Mining employment continued to decline.

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2011 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 2015 through November 2015 (as originally published and as revised) appear in table A on page 5, along with additional information about the revisions.

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, seasonally adjusted, December 2013 –December 2015

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Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, December 2013 – December 2015

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Household Survey Data The number of unemployed persons, at 7.9 million, was essentially unchanged in December, and the unemployment rate was 5.0 percent for the third month in a row. Over the past 12 months, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons were down by 0.6 percentage point and 800,000, respectively. (See table A-1.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for blacks declined to 8.3 percent in December, while the rates for adult men (4.7 percent), adult women (4.4 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), whites (4.5 percent), Asians (4.0 percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged at 2.1 million in December and accounted for 26.3 percent of the unemployed. The number of long-term unemployed has shown little movement since June, but was down by 687,000 over the year. (See table A-12.) The civilian labor force participation rate, at 62.6 percent, was little changed in December and has shown little movement in recent months. In December, the employment-population ratio, at 59.5 percent, changed little. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 6.0 million in December but was down by 764,000 over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) In December, 1.8 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 427,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) Among the marginally attached, there were 663,000 discouraged workers in December, little changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 292,000 in December. Employment rose in several industries, including professional and business services, construction, health care, and food services and drinking places. Mining employment continued to decline. In 2015, payroll employment growth totaled 2.7 million, compared with 3.1 million in 2014. (See table B-1.) Employment in professional and business services increased by 73,000 in December, with temporary help services accounting for 34,000 of the gain. In 2015, professional and business services added 605,000 jobs, compared with a gain of 704,000 in 2014.

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Construction showed strong job growth for the third consecutive month, gaining 45,000 jobs in December. Job gains occurred among specialty trade contractors (+29,000) and in construction of buildings (+10,000). Over the year, construction added 263,000 jobs, compared with a gain of 338,000 jobs in 2014. In December, health care employment rose by 39,000, with most of the increase occurring in ambulatory health care services (+23,000) and hospitals (+12,000). Job growth in health care averaged 40,000 per month in 2015, compared with 26,000 per month in 2014. Food services and drinking places added 37,000 jobs in December. In 2015, the industry added 357,000 jobs. Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 23,000 in December, with a gain of 15,000 in couriers and messengers. Within the information industry, motion pictures and sound recording added 15,000 jobs in December, offsetting a decline of 13,000 in the prior month. Employment in mining continued to decline in December (-8,000). After adding 41,000 jobs in 2014, mining lost 129,000 jobs in 2015, with most of the loss in support activities for mining. Manufacturing employment changed little in December, though its nondurable goods component added 14,000 jobs. In 2015, manufacturing employment was little changed (+30,000), following strong growth in 2014 (+215,000). Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, retail trade, financial activities, and government, changed little over the month. The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in December. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.6 hours, and factory overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $25.24, changed little (-1 cent), following an increase of 5 cents in November. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.5 percent. In December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees, at $21.22, changed little (+2 cents). (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from +298,000 to +307,000, and the change for November was revised from +211,000 to +252,000. With these revisions, employment gains in October and November combined were 50,000 higher than previously reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 284,000 per month. _____________ The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 5, 2016, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

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Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2016 on February 5, 2016, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2015 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2014 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2011 are subject to revision. Consistent with standard practice, some historical data may be subject to minor revisions resulting from issues identified during the benchmark process.

Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2016 on February 5, 2016, new population controls will be used in the Current Population Survey (CPS) estimation process. These new controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2016 will not be directly comparable with data for December 2015 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the major labor force series will be included in the January 2016 release.

Upcoming Changes to The Employment Situation News Release Effective with the release of January 2016 data on February 5, 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics will introduce changes to The Employment Situation news release table B-1. The establishment survey will publish additional industry employment data with the first preliminary release of monthly estimates. Employment Situation table B-1 will include 27 additional industries for both not seasonally adjusted and seasonally adjusted employment. A sample of the new table B-1 is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnewtableb1.htm.

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Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2011 through November 2015 were subject to revision. Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2015 through November 2015, as first published and as revised. The revisions to seasonal adjustment did not change the overall civilian unemployment rate for any month of 2015. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning in December 2014 appear in table B. An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised data for January 2015 through November 2015 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/seasonal-adjustment-methodology-2016.pdf. Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and http://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/.

Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2015 and changes due to revisionJanuary - November 2015

January ......................................... 5.7 5.7 0.0February ....................................... 5.5 5.5 .0March .......................................... 5.5 5.5 .0April ............................................. 5.4 5.4 .0May ............................................. 5.5 5.5 .0June .............................................. 5.3 5.3 .0July .............................................. 5.3 5.3 .0August .......................................... 5.1 5.1 .0September .................................... 5.1 5.1 .0October ........................................ 5.0 5.0 .0November .................................... 5.0 5.0 .0

Month As first

published As revised Change

HOUSEHOLD DATATable B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age2014 2015

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 249,027 249,723 249,899 250,080 250,266 250,455 250,663 250,876 251,096 251,325 251,541 251,747 251,936

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,142 157,025 156,878 156,890 157,032 157,367 156,984 157,115 157,061 156,867 157,096 157,367 157,833

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.9 62.8 62.7 62.7 62.8 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.4 62.5 62.5 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,439 148,104 148,231 148,333 148,509 148,748 148,722 148,866 149,043 148,942 149,197 149,444 149,929

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 59.2 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,704 8,920 8,646 8,557 8,523 8,619 8,262 8,249 8,018 7,925 7,899 7,924 7,904

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0

Men, 20 years and over




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,085 76,472 76,575 76,647 76,773 76,807 76,762 76,871 76,865 76,775 76,857 76,823 77,119


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,237 4,265 4,194 4,084 4,063 4,048 3,890 3,880 3,776 3,803 3,803 3,800 3,808


Women, 20 years and over




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,597 66,932 66,866 66,909 66,972 67,175 67,302 67,323 67,504 67,465 67,624 67,891 67,911


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,509 3,559 3,469 3,455 3,481 3,538 3,355 3,460 3,301 3,214 3,209 3,249 3,157


Both sexes, 16 to 19 years




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,757 4,700 4,790 4,777 4,763 4,766 4,659 4,672 4,674 4,702 4,715 4,729 4,899


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 1,096 984 1,018 980 1,033 1,018 909 941 908 887 875 938


1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

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HOUSEHOLD DATASummary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

CategoryDec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Change from:Nov. 2015-Dec. 2015

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,027 251,541 251,747 251,936 189

Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156,142 157,096 157,367 157,833 466

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.5 62.5 62.6 0.1

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,439 149,197 149,444 149,929 485

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5 0.1

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,704 7,899 7,924 7,904 -20

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,885 94,446 94,380 94,103 -277

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.8 15.8 15.6 16.1 0.5

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.5 0.1

Black or African American.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 9.2 9.4 8.3 -1.1

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.5 3.9 4.0 0.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.3 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.3 6.8 6.7 -0.1

High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.6 0.2

Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.1 -0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,330 3,944 3,873 3,796 -77

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 790 800 821 21

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,679 2,435 2,449 2,476 27

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966 812 847 858 11

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,371 2,339 2,412 2,405 -7

5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,309 2,295 2,253 2,192 -61

15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,261 1,227 1,270 1,235 -35

27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,772 2,132 2,054 2,085 31

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,786 5,761 6,085 6,022 -63

Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,033 3,289 3,536 3,548 12

Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,421 2,189 2,221 2,172 -49

Part time for noneconomic reasons.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,737 20,179 20,171 20,243 72

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260 1,916 1,717 1,833 –

Discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 665 594 663 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table willnot necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introducedannually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATASummary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

CategoryDec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 307 252 292

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 312 240 275

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 34 39 45

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -4 -11 -8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 35 48 45

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3 2 8

Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 -7 -7 -6

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 -1.0 -3.1 -2.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 10 9 14

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 278 201 230

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 10.5 8.9 2.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 24.6 32.0 4.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.4 2.2 20.2 23.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.1 1.8 1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 -9 16

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 11 15 11

Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 94 21 73

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 34.6 -12.0 34.4

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 73 50 59

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 61.2 39.8 52.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 48 47 29

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10 14 11

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 -5 12 17

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 202 235 284

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 201 239 276

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEESAS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.3 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 48.0 48.0 48.0

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGSALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.62 $25.20 $25.25 $25.24

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $851.85 $871.92 $871.13 $870.78

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.7 104.4 104.3 104.6

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.6 125.6 125.7 126.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (263 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 57.6 61.4 64.4

Manufacturing (80 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 54.4 52.5 58.8

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 588,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

The household survey includes people on unpaid

leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not.

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.

The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -55,000 to +155,000 (50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,027 251,747 251,936 249,027 251,096 251,325 251,541 251,747 251,936

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,521 157,340 157,245 156,142 157,061 156,867 157,096 157,367 157,833

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 62.5 62.4 62.7 62.6 62.4 62.5 62.5 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,190 149,766 149,703 147,439 149,043 148,942 149,197 149,444 149,929

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.1 59.5 59.4 59.2 59.4 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,331 7,573 7,542 8,704 8,018 7,925 7,899 7,924 7,904

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,506 94,407 94,691 92,885 94,035 94,458 94,446 94,380 94,103

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,212 5,326 5,705 6,407 5,918 5,944 6,039 5,637 5,886





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,052 79,142 79,158 78,437 79,211 79,148 79,225 79,182 79,546


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,748 4,115 4,280 4,802 4,276 4,282 4,279 4,321 4,330







Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,801 76,911 76,827 76,085 76,865 76,775 76,857 76,823 77,119


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,267 3,637 3,836 4,237 3,776 3,803 3,803 3,800 3,808







Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,138 70,624 70,544 69,002 69,833 69,794 69,971 70,262 70,383


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,584 3,458 3,262 3,902 3,742 3,643 3,620 3,603 3,574







Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,797 68,335 68,131 66,597 67,504 67,465 67,624 67,891 67,911


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,262 3,147 2,924 3,509 3,301 3,214 3,209 3,249 3,157







Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,592 4,520 4,745 4,757 4,674 4,702 4,715 4,729 4,899


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 790 782 957 941 908 887 875 938



1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age


Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

WHITE




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,068 118,503 118,157 117,198 117,903 117,812 117,978 118,115 118,295


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,582 5,031 5,244 5,862 5,485 5,368 5,396 5,381 5,520






Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,410 62,027 61,788 61,606 61,944 61,874 61,921 61,884 61,988


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,852 2,462 2,718 2,837 2,655 2,668 2,642 2,619 2,702





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,992 52,860 52,596 51,781 52,180 52,134 52,284 52,466 52,391


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,216 2,046 1,964 2,397 2,202 2,093 2,147 2,172 2,130





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,666 3,616 3,773 3,811 3,779 3,804 3,773 3,765 3,916


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 523 562 629 628 607 608 590 687


BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,009 17,682 17,795 17,045 17,563 17,573 17,623 17,628 17,819


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,924 1,776 1,565 1,984 1,831 1,791 1,779 1,819 1,623






Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,741 7,915 7,994 7,765 7,955 7,971 7,964 7,885 8,017


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 825 764 951 807 780 806 867 763





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,800 9,247 9,240 8,810 9,129 9,107 9,154 9,218 9,241


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 801 650 796 807 785 802 791 686



Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 671 710 708 697 721 677 686 734


Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 521 560 471 480 495 505 525 560


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 150 150 237 217 226 172 161 174


See footnotes at end of table.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age


Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

ASIAN




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,424 8,743 8,821 8,408 8,789 8,711 8,637 8,778 8,805


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 356 365 370 321 331 318 354 363



1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls areintroduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age[Numbers in thousands]



Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,839 40,005 40,090 38,839 39,737 39,828 39,916 40,005 40,090

Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,630 26,304 26,210 25,686 26,076 26,074 26,200 26,225 26,270

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0 65.8 65.4 66.1 65.6 65.5 65.6 65.6 65.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,995 24,654 24,591 24,016 24,347 24,410 24,535 24,543 24,614

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 61.6 61.3 61.8 61.3 61.3 61.5 61.3 61.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,635 1,650 1,619 1,670 1,729 1,664 1,665 1,682 1,655

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,209 13,701 13,881 13,153 13,661 13,754 13,716 13,780 13,821




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,490 13,665 13,639 13,510 13,595 13,676 13,723 13,601 13,659


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 762 835 768 761 795 741 776 795





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,535 10,090 9,979 9,532 9,864 9,844 9,961 10,031 9,978


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 729 629 670 740 667 682 723 668





Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 899 972 975 888 889 851 912 977


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 159 154 232 227 203 242 183 193


1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjustedcolumns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with therelease of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,003 11,014 10,810 11,042 10,719 10,597 10,729 10,958 10,847

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 46.0 45.3 45.4 45.5 44.8 45.7 45.7 45.4

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,007 10,271 10,067 10,076 9,894 9,779 9,946 10,210 10,125

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 42.9 42.2 41.4 42.0 41.3 42.4 42.6 42.4

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 743 742 967 825 818 784 748 722

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 6.7 6.9 8.8 7.7 7.7 7.3 6.8 6.7

High school graduates, no college1



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,406 33,495 32,765 33,414 33,545 33,370 33,492 33,315 32,812


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,875 1,838 1,955 1,853 1,951 1,850 1,861 1,910 1,933


Some college or associate degree



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,079 35,834 36,179 35,220 35,525 35,724 35,838 35,957 36,304


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,766 1,593 1,500 1,839 1,623 1,607 1,626 1,653 1,565


Bachelor’s degree and higher2



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,350 51,681 51,970 50,193 51,224 51,408 51,366 51,451 51,746


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,377 1,252 1,231 1,460 1,287 1,303 1,331 1,306 1,307


1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.


HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,and sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,379 21,059 19,390 19,053 1,989 2,006

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,787 10,745 9,511 9,507 1,276 1,237

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 51.0 49.0 49.9 64.2 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,280 10,231 9,090 9,030 1,189 1,201

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.6 46.9 47.4 59.8 59.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 514 420 478 87 36

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.8 4.4 5.0 6.8 2.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,592 10,314 9,879 9,546 713 769

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,515 3,677 2,867 3,017 647 660

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,760 3,041 2,303 2,556 457 485


Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,569 2,868 2,142 2,406 426 462


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 173 161 150 30 22


Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 636 564 460 191 175

Gulf War-era I veterans




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,677 2,590 2,338 2,228 339 362


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 135 67 135 21 0


Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 733 501 575 139 158

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,350 2,179 2,259 2,107 91 72


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 76 96 67 11 9



Veterans of other service periods




Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,684 2,594 2,351 2,288 333 305


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 130 97 125 25 5



NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218,754 221,985 96,447 98,160 122,307 123,825

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,814 144,625 72,318 72,999 70,496 71,626


Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,302 137,878 68,161 69,367 67,141 68,510


Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,512 6,748 4,157 3,632 3,355 3,116


Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,940 77,360 24,129 25,161 51,811 52,199

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in theU.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other serviceperiods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of theselected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonallyadjusted[Numbers in thousands]


Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,546 29,447 219,481 222,489

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,983 5,660 149,538 151,585

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 19.2 68.1 68.1

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,312 5,076 141,878 144,627

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 17.2 64.6 65.0

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 584 7,660 6,958

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 10.3 5.1 4.6

Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,563 23,787 69,943 70,904

Men, 16 to 64 years



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,356 2,136 71,263 72,342


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 312 4,213 3,806



Women, 16 to 64 years



Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,996 2,005 63,435 64,668


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 232 3,169 2,895



Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019 976 7,458 7,874


Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960 936 7,180 7,616


Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 40 279 257



NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficultyseeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, oremotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such asvisiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually withthe release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,896 40,737 19,543 19,959 20,353 20,778

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,286 26,681 15,390 15,540 10,897 11,141

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.9 65.5 78.7 77.9 53.5 53.6

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,890 25,426 14,605 14,859 10,286 10,567

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.4 62.4 74.7 74.5 50.5 50.9

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 1,255 785 681 611 574

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 5.1 4.4 5.6 5.2

Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,610 14,056 4,154 4,419 9,456 9,638

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209,131 211,199 100,758 101,713 108,373 109,486

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,235 130,564 67,410 67,898 61,825 62,666

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 61.8 66.9 66.8 57.0 57.2

Employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,300 124,277 63,447 64,299 58,852 59,978

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.5 58.8 63.0 63.2 54.3 54.8

Unemployed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,936 6,287 3,963 3,599 2,973 2,688

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.8 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.3

Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,896 80,635 33,348 33,814 46,549 46,820

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United Statesor one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were bornin the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status[In thousands]

Category


Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,220 2,363 2,273 2,355 2,350 2,368 2,394 2,424 2,411

Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,426 1,540 1,482 1,505 1,436 1,516 1,568 1,557 1,562

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 764 801 760 820 889 821 804 822 814

Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 22 32 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,970 147,404 147,430 145,132 146,666 146,535 146,864 147,110 147,587

Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,371 138,642 138,989 136,455 137,989 137,999 138,182 138,478 139,054

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,098 21,140 20,905 20,002 20,624 20,558 20,597 21,088 20,824

Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,272 117,501 118,083 116,414 117,340 117,503 117,509 117,368 118,193

Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771 736 735 – – – – – –

Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,501 116,766 117,348 115,609 116,512 116,727 116,711 116,626 117,432

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . 8,540 8,692 8,386 8,707 8,667 8,356 8,639 8,593 8,551

Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 70 55 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,970 5,967 6,179 6,786 6,481 6,034 5,761 6,085 6,022

Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,176 3,468 3,678 4,033 3,826 3,563 3,289 3,536 3,548

Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,377 2,194 2,129 2,421 2,229 2,123 2,189 2,221 2,172

Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,089 21,094 20,585 19,737 19,772 19,997 20,179 20,171 20,243

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,855 5,855 6,046 6,695 6,374 5,942 5,702 5,970 5,910

Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,100 3,396 3,594 3,977 3,775 3,507 3,264 3,469 3,482

Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,372 2,183 2,123 2,411 2,227 2,098 2,176 2,208 2,161

Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,732 20,721 20,294 19,407 19,481 19,687 19,817 19,783 19,932

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustmentof the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-9. Selected employment indicators[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic


Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,190 149,766 149,703 147,439 149,043 148,942 149,197 149,444 149,929

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,592 4,520 4,745 4,757 4,674 4,702 4,715 4,729 4,899

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609 1,518 1,594 1,675 1,620 1,625 1,577 1,559 1,648

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,983 3,002 3,151 3,058 3,050 3,073 3,130 3,142 3,232

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,598 145,246 144,958 142,681 144,370 144,240 144,481 144,714 145,030

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,755 13,965 13,975 13,837 14,313 13,975 14,034 13,920 14,061

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,843 131,281 130,983 128,881 130,076 130,191 130,518 130,837 130,995

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,985 97,303 96,968 96,008 96,632 96,759 96,721 96,960 96,976

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,452 33,019 32,987 32,362 32,769 32,806 32,793 32,814 32,891

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,987 31,474 31,430 31,026 31,348 31,355 31,360 31,361 31,466

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,546 32,810 32,551 32,621 32,515 32,598 32,568 32,785 32,620

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,858 33,978 34,014 32,873 33,444 33,432 33,796 33,877 34,019

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,052 79,142 79,158 78,437 79,211 79,148 79,225 79,182 79,546

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,251 2,231 2,332 2,352 2,345 2,373 2,368 2,358 2,427

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 747 761 825 806 800 778 781 780

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450 1,485 1,570 1,504 1,539 1,576 1,595 1,571 1,631

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,801 76,911 76,827 76,085 76,865 76,775 76,857 76,823 77,119

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,083 7,020 7,090 7,166 7,257 7,112 7,151 7,026 7,173

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,718 69,892 69,737 68,929 69,622 69,631 69,766 69,767 69,945

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,326 51,982 51,774 51,484 51,889 51,945 51,836 51,862 51,935

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,532 17,829 17,777 17,543 17,712 17,743 17,730 17,732 17,785

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,702 16,883 16,882 16,754 16,928 16,946 16,914 16,829 16,933

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,092 17,270 17,115 17,187 17,249 17,257 17,192 17,302 17,217

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,392 17,910 17,963 17,446 17,732 17,686 17,931 17,905 18,010

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,138 70,624 70,544 69,002 69,833 69,794 69,971 70,262 70,383

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,341 2,289 2,413 2,405 2,328 2,329 2,347 2,371 2,472

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808 771 833 850 814 825 799 778 868

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,533 1,517 1,580 1,554 1,512 1,497 1,535 1,571 1,601

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,797 68,335 68,131 66,597 67,504 67,465 67,624 67,891 67,911

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,672 6,946 6,885 6,672 7,057 6,863 6,883 6,894 6,888

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,125 61,390 61,246 59,952 60,454 60,560 60,752 61,070 61,051

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,658 45,321 45,194 44,524 44,742 44,813 44,886 45,098 45,042

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,919 15,191 15,210 14,819 15,057 15,064 15,064 15,082 15,106

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,285 14,591 14,548 14,272 14,419 14,409 14,445 14,533 14,533

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,454 15,540 15,437 15,434 15,267 15,341 15,377 15,483 15,403

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,467 16,069 16,051 15,427 15,712 15,747 15,866 15,972 16,009

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,610 44,952 45,162 44,631 44,985 44,907 44,858 44,816 45,187

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,921 35,503 35,318 34,673 34,980 35,023 35,146 35,185 35,080

Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,330 9,702 9,853 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,394 121,897 122,013 119,999 122,045 121,873 122,054 122,099 122,603

Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,796 27,870 27,689 27,445 26,949 27,009 27,209 27,332 27,359

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,308 7,596 7,855 7,211 7,224 7,351 7,452 7,414 7,738

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.2

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,666 5,692 5,842 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,304 9,493 9,146 9,527 9,556 9,177 9,443 9,415 9,364

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number ofunemployed persons

(in thousands)Unemployment rates

Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,704 7,924 7,904 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957 875 938 16.8 16.8 16.2 15.8 15.6 16.1

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 322 346 18.7 18.6 17.6 18.0 17.1 17.4

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562 565 581 15.5 15.8 15.8 14.8 15.2 15.2

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,746 7,048 6,966 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,654 1,480 1,460 10.7 8.9 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.4

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,090 5,608 5,507 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,752 4,311 4,399 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,016 1,913 1,853 5.9 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.3

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390 1,289 1,320 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,346 1,108 1,226 4.0 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.6

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367 1,300 1,132 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.2

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,802 4,321 4,330 5.8 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 521 522 19.4 17.6 16.8 16.7 18.1 17.7

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 184 202 19.5 18.8 19.0 20.2 19.1 20.6

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 341 305 18.7 17.0 16.1 15.1 17.8 15.8

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,237 3,800 3,808 5.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 887 824 11.6 9.8 10.4 10.6 11.2 10.3

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,303 2,936 2,994 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,534 2,255 2,344 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.3

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,063 1,049 1,050 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.6

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751 641 678 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.9

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720 565 616 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 682 650 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.5

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,902 3,603 3,574 5.4 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 355 416 14.0 15.9 15.6 14.9 13.0 14.4

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 138 144 17.8 18.5 16.2 15.8 15.1 14.2

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 224 276 12.2 14.6 15.4 14.4 12.5 14.7

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,509 3,249 3,157 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 592 636 9.7 7.9 7.9 8.1 7.9 8.5

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787 2,672 2,513 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,218 2,056 2,054 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 865 803 6.0 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.4 5.0

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 648 642 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.2

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 543 610 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.8

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 599 520 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381 1,246 1,259 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7

Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132 1,107 1,095 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0

Women who maintain families1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 719 607 7.8 8.1 7.1 7.5 6.9 5.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,263 6,554 6,576 5.7 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1

Part-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,434 1,416 1,331 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.6

1 Not seasonally adjusted.2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustmentof the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment[Numbers in thousands]

Reason


Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,355 3,633 3,820 4,330 4,014 3,883 3,944 3,873 3,796

On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,034 768 1,000 963 968 901 936 939 937

Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,320 2,865 2,820 3,367 3,046 2,982 3,007 2,934 2,859

Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,340 2,072 2,006 2,386 2,137 2,139 2,115 2,112 2,044

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . 980 793 814 981 909 843 893 822 815

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 791 762 796 787 778 790 800 821

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,422 2,361 2,239 2,679 2,344 2,443 2,435 2,449 2,476

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 788 721 966 846 832 812 847 858

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.3 48.0 50.6 49.4 50.2 48.9 49.4 48.6 47.7

On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.4 10.1 13.3 11.0 12.1 11.3 11.7 11.8 11.8

Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 37.8 37.4 38.4 38.1 37.6 37.7 36.8 36.0

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 10.4 10.1 9.1 9.9 9.8 9.9 10.0 10.3

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 31.2 29.7 30.5 29.3 30.8 30.5 30.7 31.1

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 10.4 9.6 11.0 10.6 10.5 10.2 10.6 10.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THECIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4

Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5


HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment[Numbers in thousands]

Duration


Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,261 2,173 2,280 2,371 2,106 2,373 2,339 2,412 2,405

5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,149 2,144 2,031 2,309 2,354 2,211 2,295 2,253 2,192

15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,922 3,256 3,231 4,033 3,443 3,337 3,359 3,324 3,320

15 to 26 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,229 1,249 1,206 1,261 1,254 1,228 1,227 1,270 1,235

27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,693 2,007 2,025 2,772 2,189 2,109 2,132 2,054 2,085

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.4 29.1 27.6 32.5 28.3 26.3 28.0 27.9 27.6

Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 11.4 10.9 12.6 12.1 11.3 11.1 10.7 10.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 28.7 30.2 27.2 26.6 30.0 29.3 30.2 30.4

5 to 14 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 28.3 26.9 26.5 29.8 27.9 28.7 28.2 27.7

15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.1 43.0 42.8 46.3 43.6 42.1 42.0 41.6 41.9

15 to 26 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 16.5 16.0 14.5 15.9 15.5 15.4 15.9 15.6

27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 26.5 26.9 31.8 27.7 26.6 26.7 25.7 26.3


HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed UnemployedUnemployment

rates

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Total, 16 years and over1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,190 149,703 8,331 7,542 5.4 4.8

Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 56,888 59,030 1,568 1,208 2.7 2.0

Management, business, and financial operationsoccupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,191 24,544 596 474 2.5 1.9

Professional and related occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,697 34,486 972 734 2.8 2.1

Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,745 25,729 1,859 1,858 6.7 6.7

Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,455 33,776 1,716 1,500 4.9 4.3

Sales and related occupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,848 15,671 831 787 5.0 4.8

Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,607 18,105 885 713 4.8 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenanceoccupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,248 13,610 1,171 1,163 8.1 7.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 1,000 177 172 16.9 14.7

Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,466 7,602 763 807 9.3 9.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . 4,911 5,008 230 183 4.5 3.5

Production, transportation, and material movingoccupations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,854 17,557 1,168 1,071 6.1 5.8

Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,669 8,243 573 458 6.2 5.3

Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,185 9,314 595 614 6.1 6.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.


HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number ofunemployed

persons(in thousands)

Unemploymentrates

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Total, 16 years and over1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,331 7,542 5.4 4.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,341 5,848 5.2 4.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 104 4.1 11.2

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 645 8.3 7.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 616 3.9 4.0

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 364 3.8 3.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 253 4.2 4.3

Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125 1,005 5.3 4.9

Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 264 4.2 4.0

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 81 5.7 2.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 260 3.4 2.6

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 838 5.8 5.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 725 3.8 3.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,022 1,018 7.5 7.4

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 293 5.4 4.5

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 190 12.1 11.7

Government workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 445 2.8 2.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 412 338 4.2 3.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure


Dec.2014

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Aug.2015

Sept.2015

Oct.2015

Nov.2015

Dec.2015

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completedtemporary jobs, as a percent of the civilianlabor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of thecivilian labor force (official unemploymentrate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouragedworkers, as a percent of the civilian laborforce plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.2 5.2 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouragedworkers, plus all other persons marginallyattached to the labor force, as a percent ofthe civilian labor force plus all personsmarginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . 6.7 5.8 5.9 6.9 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all personsmarginally attached to the labor force, plustotal employed part time for economicreasons, as a percent of the civilian laborforce plus all persons marginally attached tothe labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 9.6 9.8 11.2 10.3 10.0 9.8 9.9 9.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want andare available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, havegiven a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and areavailable for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release ofJanuary data.

HOUSEHOLD DATATable A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

Dec.2014

Dec.2015

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,506 94,691 37,501 38,233 56,005 56,458

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,212 5,705 2,984 2,639 3,227 3,066

Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260 1,833 1,169 929 1,091 904

Discouraged workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 663 441 396 299 267

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 1,520 1,170 727 533 792 638

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,308 7,855 3,538 3,840 3,771 4,016

Percent of total employed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.2 4.5 4.9 5.5 5.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,924 4,315 2,142 2,345 1,782 1,970

Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,986 2,067 681 696 1,306 1,371

Primary and secondary jobs both full time.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 230 144 133 87 98

Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109 1,194 544 647 565 546

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the referenceweek, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacksschooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, andtransportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail[In thousands]

Industry


Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Changefrom:

Nov.2015 -Dec.2015p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,484 143,764 144,180 144,191 140,592 142,698 142,950 143,242 292

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,223 121,419 121,718 121,820 118,690 120,726 120,966 121,241 275

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,389 19,817 19,727 19,566 19,489 19,567 19,606 19,651 45

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 809 793 781 913 801 790 782 -8

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 54.9 53.0 52.5 53.0 52.3 51.8 52.2 0.4

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858.3 753.8 739.8 728.9 859.6 748.6 737.7 730.2 -7.5

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.9 187.7 185.1 185.3 201.2 187.5 185.4 184.5 -0.9

Mining, except oil and gas1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.7 198.1 193.9 188.6 207.0 194.8 193.0 191.9 -1.1

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 66.1 64.7 63.3 72.0 66.1 64.8 63.6 -1.2

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.7 368.0 360.8 355.0 451.4 366.3 359.3 353.8 -5.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,175 6,659 6,599 6,448 6,275 6,445 6,493 6,538 45

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,381.2 1,444.2 1,439.7 1,425.6 1,388.0 1,411.6 1,420.5 1,430.6 10.1

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673.9 715.3 717.0 706.8 677.4 697.8 705.1 710.1 5.0

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.3 728.9 722.7 718.8 710.6 713.8 715.4 720.5 5.1

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 897.6 1,009.5 974.0 916.7 932.7 946.0 948.1 952.9 4.8

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,896.4 4,205.0 4,185.2 4,105.8 3,954.3 4,087.6 4,124.7 4,154.1 29.4

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,685.8 1,835.4 1,829.4 1,794.9 1,719.2 1,781.4 1,805.6 1,823.7 18.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,210.6 2,369.6 2,355.8 2,310.9 2,235.1 2,306.2 2,319.1 2,330.4 11.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,302 12,349 12,335 12,337 12,301 12,321 12,323 12,331 8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,786 7,785 7,778 7,773 7,782 7,779 7,772 7,766 -6

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374.6 383.9 385.5 384.0 376.8 382.2 383.8 385.3 1.5

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.6 410.3 408.7 400.9 396.3 404.2 404.5 404.6 0.1

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408.2 392.4 391.7 389.7 407.9 392.4 391.9 389.1 -2.8

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,474.6 1,448.4 1,446.8 1,447.0 1,473.3 1,447.2 1,446.4 1,444.9 -1.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,143.7 1,112.2 1,109.5 1,107.3 1,144.0 1,114.0 1,111.9 1,105.6 -6.3

Computer and electronic products1. . . . . . . . . . 1,055.6 1,050.6 1,051.3 1,054.1 1,054.8 1,052.7 1,052.0 1,053.1 1.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 168.3 171.3 171.5 172.9 167.8 171.5 171.6 172.6 1.0

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.7 87.3 86.9 86.9 91.4 87.4 86.9 86.7 -0.2

Semiconductors and electroniccomponents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.2 367.0 367.4 367.6 369.1 367.7 367.5 367.2 -0.3

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388.0 389.3 389.7 390.4 388.7 390.4 390.4 390.8 0.4

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 372.6 373.4 372.3 374.8 371.8 373.7 372.2 374.3 2.1

Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595.7 1,619.3 1,617.4 1,616.6 1,591.0 1,620.2 1,615.5 1,612.2 -3.3

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.6 935.6 934.0 931.8 902.5 934.9 931.8 929.4 -2.4

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382.0 394.5 393.2 396.4 382.6 395.6 394.5 396.6 2.1

Miscellaneous durable goodsmanufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586.1 599.8 601.9 602.2 583.9 597.2 599.5 600.5 1.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,516 4,564 4,557 4,564 4,519 4,542 4,551 4,565 14

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,483.6 1,506.0 1,501.7 1,501.5 1,484.6 1,492.2 1,498.3 1,501.8 3.5

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.3 116.5 116.7 116.8 118.3 116.8 116.7 116.7 0.0

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 116.3 116.3 115.4 115.9 115.3 114.8 114.6 -0.2

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.4 137.1 137.0 137.0 137.8 136.4 136.6 136.4 -0.2

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.2 366.7 367.0 368.4 367.6 367.2 367.3 367.8 0.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 452.2 445.6 447.7 448.0 450.2 444.9 445.7 445.5 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.6 114.5 114.2 113.3 111.7 113.3 114.0 115.0 1.0

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811.6 812.2 814.2 818.7 811.6 813.7 815.3 817.8 2.5

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681.6 688.7 688.1 691.5 682.6 688.9 689.5 692.8 3.3

Miscellaneous nondurable goodsmanufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.9 260.2 253.8 253.3 238.9 253.4 253.2 256.7 3.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,834 101,602 101,991 102,254 99,201 101,159 101,360 101,590 230

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,402 27,103 27,587 27,858 26,669 27,020 27,083 27,114 31

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,882.1 5,936.0 5,949.6 5,947.0 5,875.5 5,929.6 5,938.5 5,940.9 2.4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,936.4 2,954.0 2,955.0 2,960.0 2,935.4 2,952.5 2,955.9 2,958.2 2.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,031.3 2,068.2 2,082.5 2,069.4 2,031.1 2,064.1 2,072.3 2,070.2 -2.1

Electronic markets and agents andbrokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914.4 913.8 912.1 917.6 909.0 913.0 910.3 912.5 2.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,058.6 15,781.4 16,186.4 16,332.1 15,497.3 15,735.0 15,767.0 15,771.3 4.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers1. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,882.3 1,957.0 1,957.3 1,957.9 1,894.0 1,950.3 1,959.7 1,969.3 9.6

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203.7 1,250.7 1,250.7 1,254.4 1,208.1 1,245.7 1,251.2 1,259.1 7.9


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail— Continued[In thousands]

Industry


Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Changefrom:

Nov.2015 -Dec.2015p

Retail trade - Continued

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 482.4 469.8 481.0 485.7 457.4 464.1 463.8 461.1 -2.7

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 523.3 515.5 536.7 534.5 491.9 506.3 505.5 504.5 -1.0

Building material and garden supplystores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,208.6 1,244.1 1,242.5 1,242.2 1,246.6 1,266.4 1,270.9 1,279.4 8.5

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,049.2 3,044.4 3,052.5 3,059.7 3,020.5 3,036.7 3,032.5 3,032.1 -0.4

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045.5 1,026.4 1,041.7 1,046.9 1,025.9 1,023.8 1,027.2 1,027.9 0.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886.1 910.9 910.0 909.8 889.1 909.4 909.4 912.7 3.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,536.2 1,410.8 1,513.6 1,538.9 1,370.7 1,399.1 1,394.7 1,377.2 -17.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and musicstores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688.3 602.7 662.7 674.0 626.2 600.2 609.5 604.9 -4.6

General merchandise stores1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,368.5 3,191.0 3,361.8 3,425.1 3,138.6 3,200.2 3,206.2 3,201.5 -4.7

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501.6 1,312.9 1,414.7 1,463.6 1,342.8 1,322.3 1,315.4 1,309.6 -5.8

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836.1 850.3 849.7 864.3 821.7 831.5 838.0 847.0 9.0

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.1 558.5 576.9 593.1 514.7 547.0 549.6 553.7 4.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,903.7 4,820.6 4,884.2 5,010.0 4,738.5 4,789.4 4,809.6 4,832.7 23.1

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442.0 454.5 452.2 453.3 443.3 454.3 453.8 454.7 0.9

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.4 233.9 234.8 234.6 241.3 234.8 235.8 235.5 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.8 62.7 60.7 60.4 67.4 62.1 61.7 61.2 -0.5

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,437.6 1,468.0 1,463.8 1,458.0 1,441.1 1,451.2 1,454.9 1,460.2 5.3

Transit and ground passengertransportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488.6 488.7 486.3 488.1 471.1 470.7 469.4 471.1 1.7

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 49.9 49.8 50.0 47.6 50.0 49.8 50.1 0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 25.9 32.4 26.2 25.2 30.6 31.7 31.1 30.3 -0.8

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 636.8 651.8 656.1 655.2 632.3 647.5 653.7 651.9 -1.8

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752.1 580.8 645.9 774.3 616.6 599.6 610.2 625.3 15.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.9 797.9 808.4 810.9 747.2 787.5 789.2 792.4 3.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557.2 565.2 566.8 568.6 557.9 565.9 567.7 569.1 1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,775 2,810 2,816 2,827 2,767 2,810 2,801 2,817 16

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 724.8 718.0 718.2 720.3 721.4 717.1 716.0 716.6 0.6

Motion picture and sound recordingindustries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.5 394.5 391.1 400.0 381.4 397.7 385.0 400.2 15.2

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288.9 288.6 289.3 289.9 287.5 288.0 288.2 288.7 0.5

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865.6 868.3 873.3 871.4 861.5 867.6 868.7 867.8 -0.9

Data processing, hosting and relatedservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288.2 298.2 299.2 298.6 286.5 298.2 298.8 297.8 -1.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229.9 242.2 244.9 246.9 228.5 241.6 244.0 245.4 1.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,059 8,175 8,187 8,208 8,049 8,170 8,185 8,196 11

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,994.8 6,074.0 6,094.1 6,109.1 5,978.9 6,073.7 6,083.5 6,093.1 9.6

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.5 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.6 0.1

Credit intermediation and relatedactivities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,573.6 2,575.2 2,580.7 2,586.5 2,565.9 2,577.3 2,578.4 2,579.9 1.5

Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . 1,702.2 1,688.8 1,693.5 1,696.5 1,700.2 1,692.7 1,694.7 1,695.1 0.4

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,285.7 1,264.3 1,267.4 1,269.5 1,284.5 1,268.3 1,268.5 1,268.3 -0.2

Securities, commodity contracts,investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 888.6 911.6 914.5 917.8 888.0 911.0 914.2 916.5 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,514.1 2,568.6 2,580.3 2,586.2 2,506.5 2,566.9 2,572.4 2,578.1 5.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,064.2 2,101.1 2,092.8 2,098.6 2,070.5 2,096.4 2,101.7 2,103.2 1.5

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503.5 1,533.5 1,530.7 1,543.6 1,501.2 1,530.9 1,535.0 1,539.7 4.7

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536.9 543.9 538.5 531.4 545.9 542.0 543.3 540.2 -3.1

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.8 23.7 23.6 23.6 23.4 23.5 23.4 23.3 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,519 20,132 20,114 20,123 19,439 19,950 19,971 20,044 73

Professional and technical services1. . . . . . . . . . . 8,526.7 8,713.2 8,753.0 8,804.2 8,489.5 8,729.9 8,757.2 8,768.3 11.1

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,124.2 1,127.9 1,128.8 1,133.1 1,120.0 1,126.6 1,126.8 1,128.0 1.2

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 981.3 960.5 984.4 1,027.9 980.9 1,021.2 1,033.2 1,028.3 -4.9

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,403.3 1,446.9 1,438.1 1,437.8 1,403.9 1,436.8 1,433.9 1,438.7 4.8

Computer systems design and relatedservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,818.9 1,906.7 1,912.5 1,908.6 1,814.4 1,897.5 1,901.8 1,905.6 3.8

Management and technical consultingservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,295.4 1,332.6 1,341.3 1,347.5 1,280.1 1,321.9 1,328.0 1,332.2 4.2

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,195.0 2,237.0 2,240.7 2,248.8 2,190.5 2,237.2 2,241.3 2,244.4 3.1


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail— Continued[In thousands]

Industry


Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Changefrom:

Nov.2015 -Dec.2015p

Professional and business services - Continued

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,797.1 9,181.4 9,120.1 9,069.8 8,759.4 8,983.0 8,972.3 9,031.6 59.3

Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . . 8,412.0 8,780.6 8,719.1 8,670.2 8,370.4 8,583.3 8,570.6 8,628.2 57.6

Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,638.5 3,742.4 3,729.7 3,761.1 3,537.7 3,624.7 3,617.0 3,659.3 42.3

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,957.9 3,038.7 3,025.0 3,049.8 2,863.3 2,935.4 2,923.4 2,957.8 34.4

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926.6 932.1 939.4 941.3 900.3 918.3 918.4 916.6 -1.8

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,871.2 2,063.1 2,017.6 1,931.8 1,952.0 2,012.8 2,010.0 2,012.9 2.9

Waste management and remediationservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.1 400.8 401.0 399.6 389.0 399.7 401.7 403.4 1.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,893 22,465 22,567 22,552 21,718 22,264 22,314 22,373 59

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,545.3 3,641.6 3,680.4 3,613.6 3,439.9 3,486.3 3,496.9 3,503.5 6.6

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,347.4 18,823.6 18,886.5 18,938.3 18,277.7 18,777.2 18,817.0 18,869.6 52.6

Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,914.6 15,302.4 15,345.6 15,389.8 14,863.7 15,269.7 15,299.0 15,338.4 39.4

Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . . 6,794.5 7,015.3 7,031.1 7,052.1 6,766.9 6,992.7 7,001.5 7,024.9 23.4

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,516.6 2,590.2 2,596.6 2,605.4 2,501.8 2,583.3 2,587.5 2,591.3 3.8

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728.6 752.8 756.5 760.9 726.5 752.6 755.3 758.8 3.5

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,297.5 1,353.4 1,356.5 1,356.2 1,289.6 1,344.1 1,344.4 1,348.1 3.7

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,825.9 4,970.2 4,988.4 4,998.9 4,815.6 4,960.5 4,975.5 4,987.8 12.3

Nursing and residential care facilities1. . . . 3,294.2 3,316.9 3,326.1 3,338.8 3,281.2 3,316.5 3,322.0 3,325.7 3.7

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,657.2 1,663.5 1,668.4 1,671.8 1,653.4 1,662.3 1,664.4 1,666.9 2.5

Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,432.8 3,521.2 3,540.9 3,548.5 3,414.0 3,507.5 3,518.0 3,531.2 13.2

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874.0 893.7 898.9 893.1 860.4 878.4 880.2 880.4 0.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,597 15,264 15,066 15,027 14,948 15,291 15,338 15,367 29

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,967.2 2,147.8 2,039.3 2,023.7 2,133.2 2,181.8 2,193.3 2,190.1 -3.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 440.6 488.2 460.7 458.6 459.3 480.0 477.4 478.0 0.6

Museums, historical sites, and similarinstitutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.5 148.6 142.3 141.0 145.2 148.0 146.9 147.8 0.9

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,388.1 1,511.0 1,436.3 1,424.1 1,528.7 1,553.8 1,569.0 1,564.3 -4.7

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,629.3 13,116.5 13,027.0 13,003.7 12,814.7 13,109.2 13,144.6 13,176.7 32.1

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,829.1 1,892.8 1,847.4 1,835.7 1,896.9 1,902.4 1,906.4 1,901.6 -4.8

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,800.2 11,223.7 11,179.6 11,168.0 10,917.8 11,206.8 11,238.2 11,275.1 36.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,589 5,653 5,654 5,659 5,611 5,654 5,668 5,679 11

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,243.0 1,280.2 1,275.8 1,275.4 1,253.3 1,276.5 1,280.5 1,284.6 4.1

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,380.9 1,399.9 1,399.6 1,405.8 1,380.7 1,400.2 1,402.2 1,405.8 3.6

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,965.3 2,972.4 2,978.7 2,977.9 2,976.5 2,977.2 2,985.7 2,988.6 2.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,261 22,345 22,462 22,371 21,902 21,972 21,984 22,001 17

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,744.0 2,734.0 2,741.0 2,766.0 2,732.0 2,740.0 2,745.0 2,749.0 4.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,133.0 2,141.1 2,142.3 2,144.1 2,134.6 2,142.9 2,145.3 2,145.6 0.3

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611.3 593.1 598.9 621.7 597.6 596.6 599.3 603.7 4.4

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,194.0 5,269.0 5,286.0 5,232.0 5,079.0 5,104.0 5,107.0 5,113.0 6.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,555.0 2,628.6 2,649.1 2,593.5 2,430.5 2,456.3 2,460.0 2,464.8 4.8

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,639.1 2,640.6 2,636.4 2,638.9 2,648.9 2,647.3 2,646.6 2,648.4 1.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,323.0 14,342.0 14,435.0 14,373.0 14,091.0 14,128.0 14,132.0 14,139.0 7.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,109.7 8,040.7 8,136.7 8,102.2 7,796.7 7,790.8 7,789.5 7,789.3 -0.2

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,213.5 6,300.8 6,297.9 6,270.4 6,294.1 6,337.1 6,342.9 6,350.1 7.2

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industrysector, seasonally adjusted

IndustryDec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.6 40.5 40.3 40.5

Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.9 44.1 44.2 44.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.2 39.7 39.1 39.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.9 40.7 40.7 40.6

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 41.0 41.1 41.1

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.2 40.2 40.0 39.8

Private service-providing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 33.4 33.4 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.6 34.6 34.6

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.9 38.9 38.8 38.9

Retail trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 31.4 31.4 31.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 38.8 38.9 39.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 42.6 42.7 42.3

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 36.1 36.1 35.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.4 37.7 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 26.3 26.3 26.3

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 31.9 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.3

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.3

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industrysector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24.62 $25.20 $25.25 $25.24 $851.85 $871.92 $871.13 $870.78

Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.77 26.38 26.45 26.43 1,046.26 1,068.39 1,065.94 1,070.42

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.70 31.35 31.71 31.27 1,378.43 1,382.54 1,401.58 1,385.26

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.81 27.52 27.62 27.59 1,050.95 1,092.54 1,079.94 1,095.32

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.87 25.45 25.50 25.49 1,017.18 1,035.82 1,037.85 1,034.89

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.21 26.74 26.75 26.74 1,085.09 1,096.34 1,099.43 1,099.01

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.49 23.21 23.30 23.30 904.10 933.04 932.00 927.34

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.34 24.92 24.96 24.96 812.96 832.33 833.66 833.66

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.49 22.01 21.99 22.02 743.55 761.55 760.85 761.89

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.19 28.90 28.83 28.80 1,096.59 1,124.21 1,118.60 1,120.32

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.12 17.69 17.65 17.71 537.57 555.47 554.21 554.32

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.88 22.93 23.01 22.99 892.32 889.68 895.09 898.91

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.94 37.58 37.93 37.60 1,516.67 1,600.91 1,619.61 1,590.48

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.35 35.34 35.57 35.65 1,246.91 1,275.77 1,284.08 1,279.84

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.05 31.73 31.85 31.94 1,161.27 1,196.22 1,197.56 1,200.94

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.48 30.27 30.35 30.24 1,070.12 1,095.77 1,098.67 1,097.71

Education and health services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.90 25.39 25.47 25.42 814.23 832.79 835.42 833.78

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.10 14.45 14.46 14.50 370.83 380.04 380.30 381.35

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.17 22.50 22.53 22.55 705.01 717.75 716.45 719.35

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls byindustry sector, seasonally adjusted[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Percentchangefrom:Nov.

2015 -Dec.

2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p


2015 -Dec.

2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.7 104.4 104.3 104.6 0.3 120.6 125.6 125.7 126.0 0.2

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.1 90.3 90.0 90.7 0.8 105.0 107.6 107.6 108.3 0.7

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.8 111.0 109.7 108.9 -0.7 158.8 139.7 139.7 136.7 -2.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 88.2 87.5 89.5 2.3 98.8 105.5 105.0 107.3 2.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.5 90.2 90.2 90.1 -0.1 104.7 106.8 107.0 106.8 -0.2

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 89.8 89.9 89.9 0.0 105.6 106.6 106.8 106.7 -0.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.7 91.1 90.8 90.7 -0.1 103.5 107.3 107.4 107.2 -0.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.0 108.1 108.3 108.6 0.3 125.1 130.6 131.1 131.4 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 100.4 101.7 101.9 102.0 0.1 116.1 120.5 120.6 120.9 0.2

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.7 100.6 100.5 100.8 0.3 117.3 121.4 121.0 121.2 0.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.8 100.4 100.6 100.3 -0.3 111.9 117.4 117.3 117.4 0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 105.8 106.4 107.1 108.1 0.9 122.8 123.8 125.0 126.2 1.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.9 104.3 104.9 104.2 -0.7 121.0 129.5 131.4 129.4 -1.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.7 92.6 92.3 92.4 0.1 112.2 116.6 117.0 117.2 0.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 100.9 100.8 100.9 0.1 119.4 124.8 125.2 125.7 0.4

Professional and business services. . . . . 111.0 113.6 113.7 114.4 0.6 132.6 139.3 139.8 140.2 0.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 114.0 117.2 117.5 117.8 0.3 133.7 140.2 140.9 141.0 0.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 114.7 115.1 115.3 0.2 127.6 133.8 134.3 134.9 0.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 99.9 99.9 100.4 0.5 124.4 127.6 127.7 128.5 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by thecorresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourlyearnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Total nonfarm.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,330 70,511 70,609 70,750 49.3 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,809 57,926 58,018 58,139 47.9 48.0 48.0 48.0

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,265 4,277 4,280 4,286 21.9 21.9 21.8 21.8

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 112 110 110 13.5 14.0 13.9 14.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 805 807 807 12.7 12.5 12.4 12.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,346 3,360 3,363 3,369 27.2 27.3 27.3 27.3

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,798 1,813 1,813 1,813 23.1 23.3 23.3 23.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548 1,547 1,550 1,556 34.3 34.1 34.1 34.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,544 53,649 53,738 53,853 53.0 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,780 10,948 10,958 10,957 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.4

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,715.0 1,739.4 1,743.1 1,740.0 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,816.5 7,941.4 7,940.1 7,938.5 50.4 50.5 50.4 50.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,114.0 1,132.1 1,139.1 1,142.2 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.1 135.3 135.6 136.6 24.0 23.9 23.9 24.0

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,112 1,123 1,123 1,126 40.2 40.0 40.1 40.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,611 4,667 4,676 4,685 57.3 57.1 57.1 57.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,658 8,914 8,918 8,952 44.5 44.7 44.7 44.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,695 17,139 17,171 17,220 76.9 77.0 77.0 77.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,750 7,903 7,930 7,947 51.8 51.7 51.7 51.7

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,938 2,955 2,962 2,966 52.4 52.3 52.3 52.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,521 12,585 12,591 12,611 57.2 57.3 57.3 57.3

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industrysector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

IndustryDec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,923 99,507 99,678 99,942

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,051 14,120 14,147 14,196

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 582 574 570

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,719 4,864 4,901 4,944

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,663 8,674 8,672 8,682

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,361 5,365 5,359 5,361

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,302 3,309 3,313 3,321

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,872 85,387 85,531 85,746

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,478 22,714 22,771 22,807

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,740.9 4,756.5 4,762.6 4,767.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,186.9 13,356.8 13,383.9 13,395.4

Transportation and warehousing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,100.2 4,147.9 4,169.2 4,187.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.0 452.8 455.1 456.3

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,245 2,281 2,274 2,285

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,213 6,322 6,336 6,342

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,025 16,361 16,365 16,454

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,069 19,543 19,580 19,630

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,172 13,465 13,491 13,507

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,670 4,701 4,714 4,721

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisoryemployees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarmpayrolls.

p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on privatenonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

IndustryDec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 41.4 41.2 41.3

Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 45.5 45.7 45.8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 40.2 39.6 40.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 41.7 41.7 41.7

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 42.0 42.0 42.1

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 41.4 41.3 41.1

Private service-providing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.9 33.6 33.8 33.8

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 38.5 38.5 38.6

Retail trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 30.0 30.2 30.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.0 38.7 38.9 39.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 42.3 42.7 42.6

Information.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.8 35.6 35.8 35.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.8 37.1 37.1 37.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.7 35.4 35.5 35.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 25.0 25.0 25.1

Other services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.8 30.7 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.2

Nondurable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0


p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on privatenonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.72 $21.18 $21.20 $21.22 $700.34 $713.77 $714.44 $715.11

Goods-producing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.66 22.13 22.14 22.19 901.06 916.18 912.17 916.45

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.63 26.63 26.62 26.51 1,267.59 1,211.67 1,216.53 1,214.16

Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.78 25.36 25.43 25.46 988.72 1,019.47 1,007.03 1,020.95

Manufacturing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.62 20.05 20.06 20.08 826.00 836.09 836.50 837.34

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.69 21.07 21.09 21.10 877.26 884.94 885.78 888.31

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.86 18.38 18.36 18.40 742.98 760.93 758.27 756.24

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.52 20.98 21.00 21.02 666.90 679.75 682.50 683.15

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.36 18.79 18.76 18.78 622.40 631.34 634.09 634.76

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.31 23.78 23.76 23.78 899.77 915.53 914.76 917.91

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.43 14.97 14.91 14.95 437.23 449.10 450.28 450.00

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.74 20.74 20.79 20.73 808.86 802.64 808.73 810.54

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.16 34.57 34.67 34.52 1,399.35 1,462.31 1,480.41 1,470.55

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.46 29.02 29.45 29.53 1,018.87 1,033.11 1,054.31 1,051.27

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00 25.52 25.58 25.62 920.00 946.79 949.02 950.50

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.32 24.97 25.00 24.97 868.22 883.94 887.50 886.44

Education and health services.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.83 22.23 22.23 22.27 698.56 713.58 713.58 714.87

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.29 12.51 12.53 12.56 309.71 312.75 313.25 315.26

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.71 19.01 19.03 19.07 576.27 583.61 584.22 585.45


p Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATATable B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees onprivate nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p


2015 -Dec.

2015p

Dec.2014

Oct.2015

Nov.2015p

Dec.2015p


2015 -Dec.

2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.3 111.8 111.9 112.2 0.3 152.7 158.2 158.6 159.2 0.4

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 89.3 89.1 89.6 0.6 118.5 121.1 120.8 121.7 0.7

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.2 140.7 139.4 138.7 -0.5 262.1 217.9 215.8 213.9 -0.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.3 97.9 97.2 99.3 2.2 126.1 134.1 133.4 136.5 2.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.7 83.0 83.0 83.1 0.1 107.4 108.9 108.9 109.1 0.2

Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.4 84.7 84.6 84.8 0.2 110.3 111.4 111.4 111.7 0.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.9 80.7 80.6 80.4 -0.2 102.1 104.8 104.6 104.6 0.0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.1 117.9 118.4 118.7 0.3 163.4 169.5 170.5 171.1 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . 106.2 106.4 107.3 107.5 0.2 139.1 142.6 143.6 144.0 0.3

Wholesale trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.8 107.8 108.0 108.4 0.4 148.0 151.1 151.1 151.8 0.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.1 101.4 102.3 102.1 -0.2 125.1 130.1 130.7 130.8 0.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . 120.4 120.8 122.1 123.2 0.9 158.4 159.0 161.0 162.1 0.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.1 97.9 99.4 99.4 0.0 134.4 141.3 143.8 143.2 -0.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.7 92.7 92.9 92.8 -0.1 129.2 133.2 135.5 135.7 0.1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107.6 110.4 110.7 110.8 0.1 165.5 173.4 174.2 174.6 0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . 128.2 129.8 130.2 130.9 0.5 185.6 192.9 193.7 194.5 0.4

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . 130.2 133.9 134.2 134.5 0.2 187.6 196.4 196.7 197.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.6 123.3 123.5 124.2 0.6 169.7 175.2 175.8 177.1 0.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.9 101.2 101.5 101.6 0.1 137.5 140.2 140.7 141.2 0.4


2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by thecorresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourlyearnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary


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