The Empirical World of Islam Umayyad and Abbasid Age.
Transcript of The Empirical World of Islam Umayyad and Abbasid Age.
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The Empirical World of Islam
Umayyad and Abbasid Age
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Thought Quiz
“Islamic beliefs and culture exerted a powerful influence in all areas occupied by Arab armies…through the prism of Islam the areas under Islamic control were dramatically transformed.”
Assess the validity of this statement
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Umayyad DynastyAfter Muhammad’s death expansion and uncertainty reigned for a century.The answer to dynastic/caliphate succession was answered by the formation of this dynasty in 661 CE.Arab military aristocracy centered in DamascusControlled “Dar al-IslamArab controlled alienated other ethnicities.JizyaArab/Non Arab Muslims were differentiated
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Abbasid Caliphate
Persian rebellion led by Abu al-Abbas in 750 ended Umayyad rule.More tolerantMore “cosmopolitan” and urbanExpansion of a lesser interest than under the Umayyad.Did add parts of Europe to their empreCentered around Baghdad
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Abbasid Achievements
Signature leader: Harun al-Rashid Signature event: House of WisdomBrought down by the Mongol CatastropheLiterary achievements: Arabian Nights (Aladdin) and the RubiyatPolitical achievements: Ulama and QadisOrganized bureaucracy and standing army
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Abbasid Philosophy and Religion
Quran and Sharia form moral guidelinesUlama, Qadis agents of judgement of these guidelinesSufi mystics: Al Gahzali, brilliant missionariesAverroes (Ibn Rushd)
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Other Empires: Seljuk Turks
Seljuk Turks: military mercenaries for the Abbasid, challenged the Empire in the 11th Century. Real military and political power in the late Abbasid Age.Routed the Byzantines at Manzikert in 1071
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Smaller dynasties
Fatimids: Shiite dynasty in Egypt-973
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Almohads
“Moors”Almohads: Morocco, Southern Spain, AlgeriaReconquista