The effect of community based externships on host...
Transcript of The effect of community based externships on host...
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A survey of staff dentists at Washington State Community Clinics.
The effect of community based externships on host sites:
James Cannava DMD
Colleen Huebner PhD, MPH, Chair Joseph Kelly DDS, MS, MPH
Christine Riedy PhD, MS, MPH Wendy Mouradian MD, MS
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Community-Based Externships
Students in 3rd and 4th years treat patients under supervision of staff dentist at community-based clinic
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Community-Based Externships
2009 National Health Center Data 23% of the patients served are under the age of 12
93% are below 200% poverty
38% are uninsured
64% are racial/ethnic minority
29% are best-served in a language other than English
480,441 perinatal patients
Risk Factors for Childhood Caries Lower socioeconomic status
Some racial/ethnic minorities
Children with immigrant backgrounds
Parental history of dental caries and abscessed teeth
8.4 million patient dental visits
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Community-Based Externships
From 2003 – 2009, the proportion of dental schools requiring a community-based clinical experience rose from 64% to 91%
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2. Advantages for the dental student: ↑ number of patients/dental procedures More diverse population More representative of “real world dentistry”
Why Community-Based Externships? 1. Advantages for the school: Students away from the dental school use less resources Helps address national faculty shortages
3. Advantages for the community-based clinic: Increase in productivity More providers to treat high-risk population Dentist recruitment/retention tool
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Surveyed dental students: 75% of surveyed dental students rate their externship
experience as “positive” or “very positive” Most felt the externship improved their ability to care for a
diverse population Decrease in quality of dental care and treatment of patients
Is it working? Students
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Surveyed staff dentists: Pipeline, Profession, and Practice: Community-Based Dental
Education Program “Nothing but praise for the students and rotation programs”
Is it working? Dentists
Surveyed medical providers: Teaching enhanced their enjoyment of patient care and helps
keep their clinical knowledge current 73% reported that a major disadvantage to teaching was
decreased productivity
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The specific study aims were to: Collect information on staff dentists’ experience with CBEs
and current commitment to hosting dental students Ascertain perceived effects of CBEs on students, staff
dentists, patients, clinic productivity and quality of care Assess and compare the importance of incentives to dentists
in encouraging their participation in CBE programs
Specific Aims
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Methods
Setting: Washington State Study Subjects: Washington Association of Community and
Migrant Health Centers (WACMHC) Approximately 24 healthcare organizations Approximately 120 dentists
46-question survey created and piloted
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Methods
Mixed-mode (internet and mail-based) survey that used the tailored design method of Dillman
Email pre-notice
letter
Email invitation and survey link
Email reminder and survey link
Mail copy of survey and
SASE
Data Analysis: Stata 11 Descriptive statistics Fisher’s exact test and two-sample t-test
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Results The majority of respondents felt that CBE programs
benefited students, staff dentists and community-based clinics 97% of respondents felt that a CBE has a positive effect on a
student’s education
47
38
15 Positive
Neutral
Negative
46
43
11
Above Avg
Avg
Below Avg
Dentists with Supervisory Experience
75
25
79
14 4
Dentists without Supervisory Experience
How would you rate overall quality of care provided by students on a CBE? (P≤0.05)
Do you believe a student’s presence benefits the clinic’s patients in a positive or negative way? (P≤0.05)
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Results
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
5
3
3
13
27
24
19
20
10
15
19
7
3
3
4
5
More
No change
Less
Not sure
How does a student’s presence affect the:
# of patients seen in the clinic?
Amount of work done per patient in clinic?
# of patients you see in a day?
Amount of work you do per patient?
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Results
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
42
15
0
22
19
40
63
21
8
13
5
25
Yes
No
Not Sure
Regarding CBE financing and support:
Should dental schools pay the host clinics?
Should host clinics pay dental schools?
Should host clinics pay for a student’s expenses?
Should supervising dentists receive incentives to do so?
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Results
Most popular reasons a community-based clinic would and would not participate in a CBE program: Would: recruit staff dentists and a desire to participate in
dental education (32% each) Would not: increased administrative work (25%) and a
decrease in clinic productivity (23%) Preferred incentives Financial bonus Free continuing education
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Discussion
The purpose of this study was to explore community-based dentists’ perceived effects of CBEs on students, staff dentists, patients and clinics
CBE Programs
Dental Students
Dental Schools
CHC Staff Dentists
CHC Patients
CHCs
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Discussion
Educational experience Dentists overwhelmingly believe that CBEs benefit students Quality of care and patient benefits: Dentists with experience supervising dental students are
more likely to report these aspects of CBE programs as neutral or negative.
More efforts should be made to understand the components of quality of care and how best to maintain it in a CBE setting
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Discussion Clinic productivity: Most dentists with experience supervising dental students
reported no change in overall clinic productivity when a student was present
Reasons not to participate in CBEs: additional administrative work and decreased clinic productivity
CBE program costs: No dentists thought that community-based clinics should pay
schools for the opportunity to host dental students The majority of dentists did not feel that their clinics should
help pay for a visiting student’s externship expenses
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Discussions
Limitations: The dentists could be unfairly influenced by the most recent
student they supervised. The dentists could be unfairly influenced by one particular
dental school’s CBE program. Some dentists may be affiliated with University of Washington
and may feel pressured to support the dental CBE program.
Small population size limits generalizability
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Conclusion
The effects of CBE programs on patients and the staff at the host clinics should be considered in their design
Staff dentists should be considered independent key stakeholders in the design and implementation of CBE programs
Schools are in a unique position to provide one of the participation incentives most desired by community-based dentists: free CE
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Thank You! Colleen Huebner
Joseph Kelly Christine Riedy
Wendy Mouradian WACMHC – Susan Bogni
Family/friends This project was supported by the US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau (Title V, Social Security Act), grant #T76MC00011.
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References