The Economic Impacts of High Speed Rail: Transforming the Midwest

7/30/2019 The Economic Impacts of High Speed Rail: Transforming the Midwest

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[je Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l

[je Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l dq h Ajdaho`&ghqek" fefgew&quyy`w{ek" l`l&yw`nd{ `wohldsh{d`l hk~àh{dlon`w nhq{" nwexuel{ hlk keyelkhgbe {whdlq bdlmdlo {je el{dwe Fdkeq{, D{q kd~ewqe fefgewqjdy ghqe dlabukeq lehwbt 7"999dlkd~dkuhbq" bàhb o`~ewlfel{q hlk a`wy`wh{d`lq,[je Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`lq o`hb dq {` yewquhke bàhb" q{h{e hlk nekewhb o`~ewlfel{q {` dfybefel{ hlhooweqqd~e whdbw`hk ezyhlqd`l hlk yw`~dke `lo`dlo `yewh{d`lhb quyy`w{ n`w nhq{ {whdlq {jwùojù{ {je Fdkeq{,[jdq wey`w{ yweqel{q jdojbdoj{q nw`f h bhwoew q{ukt yweyhwek n`w {je Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l hlk qy`lq`wekgt Qdefelq" ghqek `l h jdoj&be~eb elodleewdlo q{ukt a`lkua{ek gt HEA@F hlk hl ea`l`fda dfyha{ hqqeqqfel{ `n {je

Ajdaho` Fe{w`y`bd{hl weod`l a`lkua{ek gt {je Ea`l`fda Ke~eb`yfel{ Weqehwaj Owùy" Dla, *EKWO$, _e ùbk bdme {`{jhlm hbb {j`qe j` yhw{dadyh{ek dl {jdq q{ukt n`w {jedw ~hbuhgbe dlqdoj{q hlk {dfe" dlabukdlo Q`b`f`l A`wkebb Guels"j` yw`~dkek h a`laey{uhb keqdol n`w {je dla`wy`wh{d`l `n jdoj qyeek whdb h{ Uld`l Q{h{d`l, [je nubb ~ewqd`l `n {jeq{ukt ahl ge ~deek h{ Fdkeq{JQW,`wo,

Qyeadhb {jhlmq {` ùw qy`lq`w

Qdefelq dq `wmdlo {` yw`~dke q`bu{d`lq {` {`khtq uwghldsh{d`l ajhbbeloeq" hbb d{j hl ete {` fdldfdsdlo dfyha{ {` {jeel~dw`lfel{, [` {jdq elk" Qdefelq jhq geel dl~`b~ek dl {je ke~eb`yfel{ hlk yugbdqjdlo `n qe~ewhb met q{ukdeq `lquq{hdlhgbe uwghl dlnwhq{wua{uwe jdaj dlabukeq a`fybe{e f`gdbd{t q`bu{d`lq, Qdefelq dq auwwel{bt h `wbk behkew dlgwdlodlo hk~hlaek f`gdbd{t q`bu{d`lq {` ad{deq hwùlk {je `wbk, [` qee j` jdoj qyeek whdb jhq jebyek {whlqn`wf ad{deq dlQyhdl" Oewfhlt" Wuqqdh hlk Ajdlh" hlk jh{ d{ ahl k` n`w {je Uld{ek Q{h{eq" ybehqe o` {`3 ,qdefelq,a`f/jdojqyeekwhdb

Qdefelq A`wy wh{d`l dq h U,Q, qugqdkdhwt n Qdefelq HO *LTQE3 QD$" h ob`ghb yèwjùqe dl ebea{w`ldaq hlk ebea{wdahbelodleewdlo" `yewh{dlo dl {je dlkuq{wt" elewot hlk jehb{jahwe qea{`wq, N`w f`we {jhl 8>9 tehwq" Qdefelq jhq gudb{ hweyu{h{d`l n`w behkdlo&ekoe dll`~h{d`l hlk {je xuhbd{t `n d{q yw`kua{q" qew~daeq hlk q`bu{d`lq, _d{j ;95"999 efyb`teeq dl849 aùl{wdeq" Qdefelq wey`w{ek `wbkdke we~elue `n +897,4 gdbbd`l dl ndqahb 7989, Qdefelq dl {je UQH wey`w{ek we~elue`n +84,4 gdbbd`l hlk efyb`tq hyyw`zdfh{ebt >7"999 ye`ybe {jwùojù{ hbb 59 q{h{eq hlk Yuew{` Wda`, N`w f`we dln`wfh{d`l`l Qdefelq dl {je Uld{ek Q{h{eq" ~dqd{ ,uqh,qdefelq,a`f


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[je ^dqd`l

[je Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l dq ulkew{hmdlo h qewdeq `n q{ukdeq {` abehwbt kendle h ybhl hlk dkel{dnthajde~hgbe q{eyq {jh{ nubndbb h ~dqd`l {` yw`~dke A`we Ezyweqq Jdoj Qyeek Whdb *JQW$ qtq{ef *779&fyj$ n`w {jeFdkeq{, [je JQW qtq{ef dbb a`llea{ hbb fhc`w fe{w`y`bd{hl weod`lq d{jdl ;59 fdbeq `n Ajdaho` d{j {wh~eb{dfeq `n ge{eel 7 hlk 1 jùwq, D{ dbb hbq` yw`~dke JQW qew~dae {` met ad{deq hlk qfhbbew fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq" od~dlof`q{ `n {jef haaeqq dl beqq {jhl {` jùwq {` Ajdaho`q @Jhwe hdwy`w{" `{jew Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh q{h{d`lq"

hlk ad{deq hlk fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq {jwùojù{ {je weod`l, [jdq dbb aweh{e dfy`w{hl{ ea`l`fda `yy`w{uld{deq n`w {jeFdkeq{ dfyw`~dlo {je ob`ghb a`fye{d{d~eleqq `n h feoh&weod`l d{j h +7,> {wdbbd`l ea`l`ft hf`lo {jebhwoeq{ ea`l`fdeq dl {je `wbk,

[je {dfe dq wdoj{ n`w {hmdlo {je lez{ q{eyq dl {je ywàeqq `n ybhlldlo" keqdoldlo" ndlhladlo hlk ke~eb`ydlo h`wmhgbe" yjhqek hlk ndlhladhbbt nehqdgbe JQW qtq{ef {jh{ dbb ybhae {je Fdkeq{ dl {je n`wenw`l{ `n h ob`ghbbta`fye{d{d~e hlk ea`l`fdahbbt {jwd~dlo le ea`l`fda nu{uwe,

@uw hlhbtqdq {`&kh{e qj`q {je n`bb`dlo3

JQW Dfyha{q `l Ajdaho`bhlk

+81,: gdbbd`l yew tehw dlawehqe dl guqdleqq qhbeq n`w {je Ajdaho` Fe{w` hweh hb`le 89;"999 le c`gq hlk hl hkkd{d`lhb +5,5 gdbbd`l dl hoeq ehaj tehw dl {je Ajdaho` Fe{w` hweh wequb{dlo nw`f

dlawehqek ea`l`fda ha{d~d{t +18; fdbbd`l dl le hlluhb ~dqd{`w qyelkdlo dl k`l{`l Ajdaho` hb`leLe c`gq dl {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh weyweqel{ +88: gdbbd`l dl hoeq n`w {je ndwq{ 19 tehwq {jh{ {je JQW dq dlnubb `yewh{d`l" hlk {je le guqdleqq qhbeq oelewh{ek gt ea`l`fda ha{d~d{t hqqàdh{ek d{j {je JQW qtq{ef hweeq{dfh{ek {` ge +74> gdbbd`l `~ew 19 tehwq,

JQW @yewh{d`lq" A`q{q hlk We~elueq

;1 fdbbd`l yhqqeloewq `l nùw JQW a`wwdk`wq @~ew +7,7 gdbbd`l k`bbhwq hlluhbbt dl uqew&oelewh{ek we~elueq 75 khdbt keyhw{uweq `l ehaj `n {je nùw a`wwdk`wq Ahyhad{t n`w uy {` 89 {whdlq dl yehm jùwq `l ehaj a`wwdk`wWehbdq{da a`q{q hlk yjhqdlo n`w ke~eb`ydlo ehaj `n {jeqe JQW qew~daeq dq y`qqdgbe hlk ebb d{jdl {je whloe `nnehqdgdbd{t {` hwwhl{ h qewdùq ezhfdlh{d`l `n ndlhladlo {jh{ dl~`b~eq g`{j yugbda hlk ywd~h{e dl~eq{fel{, Yjhqdloke~eb`yfel{ `n {je JQW qtq{ef dbb hbb` d{ {` ohdl wdkewqjdy hlk we~elueq" jdbe d{ aweh{eq elùoj fhwme{ qjhwehlk ea`l`fda gelend{q n`w {je el{dwe weod`l,

JQW hlk {je Ea`l`ft `n {je Fdkeq{

[je ea`l`fda gelend{q {` {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl weod`l hwe qdoldndahl{, [je Ajdaho` q{ukt dq cuq{ h ywe~de `n {jey`{el{dhb ea`l`fda dfyha{q `n JQW, [je aufubh{d~e ennea{q `n JQW `l {je el{dwe Fdkeq{ dbb ge {whlqn`wfh{d~ehlk dbb qew~e hq {je ah{hbtq{ q` uwoel{bt leekek {` yw`yeb {je Fdkeq{ dl{` {je n`wenw`l{ `n h ob`ghbbt a`fye{d{d~e`wbk, Ea`l`fda dfyha{q n`w {je `{jew fhc`w fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq hlk qfhbbew ad{deq jh~e te{ {` ge ke{ewfdlek, [jdqq{ukt qe{q ù{ h w`hkfhy `n htq {jh{ ehaj `n {je ad{deq hlk fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq bdlmek {` Ajdaho` gt {je JQW qtq{efahl ybhl {jedw `l quyy`w{dlo dlnwhq{wua{uwe a`llea{d`lq {` {je JQW qtq{ef,


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Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqq`adh{d`l ddd Hywdb 7988


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Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l dddd Hywdb 7988

[hgbe `n A`l{el{q

8,9 Dl{w`kua{d`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8 7,9 Fdkeq{ Ahlkdkh{e A`wwdk`w Keqawdy{d`lq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7

7,8 Ajdaho` {` Fdllehy`bdq / Q{, Yhub,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,57,7 Ajdaho` {` Q{, Bùdq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,57,1 Ajdaho` {` Adladllh{d,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>7,; Ajdaho` {` Ke{w`d{ / Abe~ebhlk,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?

1,9 Dl{ewf`khb Dl{eowh{d`l d{j Fe{w` Guq hlk Whdb Qew~daeq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?;,9 Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l *AUQ$ hlk {je Ael{whb Hweh Ha{d`l Ybhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,88

;,8 Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l *AUQ$,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,88;,7 Ael{whb Hweh Ha{d`l Ybhl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,81;,1 _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,81

5,9 Qtq{ef Nhadbd{deq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8;5,8 Jeh~t Fhdl{elhlae Nhadbd{t,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8;5,7 @~ewldoj{ Q{`whoe hlk Bdoj{ Fhdl{elhlae ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8;

>,9 [wh~eb [dfeq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8;?,9 Wdkewqjdy hlk Webh{ek We~elueq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,8?:,9 Ea`l`fda Dfyha{q hlk @{jew Gelend{q ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,84

:,8 Ea`l`fda Dfyha{q ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,79:,7 @{jew Ea l`fda Dfyha{q hlk Wehq`lq n`w Gudbkdlo JQW ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,78

4,9 Ahyd{hb A`q{,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7789,9 Yjhqdlo,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,71 88,9 JQW Ke~eb`yfel{ Ajeambdq{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,71

88,8 _jdaj @u{btdlo Fhc`w Fe{w`y`bd{hl Hwehq dbb ge {je Elky`dl{q `n JQW A`wwdk`wq0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7; 88,7 _jewe _dbb {je K`l{`l JQW Q{h{d`l ge Bàh{ek0 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7;88,1 J` Qjùbk Ajdaho`q Ezdq{dlo Whdb [ewfdlhb ge Uyowhkek {` Haa`ff`kh{e JQW0 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7;88,; J` _ùbk {je Y`{el{dhb n`w [jwùoj [whdlq ge Haa`ff`kh{ek dl Ajdaho`0 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7;88,5 _jh{ Haaeqq Dfyw`~efel{q Qjùbk ge Yw`~dkek h{ {je JQW Jug Q{h{d`l0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7;88,> _jh{ A`llea{d~d{t Qjùbk ge Yw`~dkek n`w JQW Qew~dae dl {je Fe{w`y`bd{hl Hweh0 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7588,? J` Ahl _e Fhme Qj`w{&[ewf Ajhloeq {` Haa`ff`kh{e Nu{uwe JQW0 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7588,: J` _dbb JQW Haaeqq {` {je K`l{`l [ewfdlhb ge Haa`ff`kh{ek0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,75

87,9 Oudkhlae n`w @{jew Ad{deq" Q{h{eq" hlk Fe{w`y`bd{hl Weod`lq,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7?87,8 Qtq{ef Ybhlldlo,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7?87,7 Qud{hgdbd{t `n Ezdq{dlo/Hghlk`lek Whdbw`hk A`wwdk`wq,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7:87,1 Weod`lhb A`llea{d~d{t,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7:87,; Q{h{d`lq hlk Bhlk Uqe,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7:87,5 Fhdl{elhlae hlk Q{`whoe Nhadbd{deq,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,7:87,> Dlawefel{hb Uyowhke Q{wh{eot n`w JQW A`wwdk`wq,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,74

81,9 Quffhwt hlk A`labuqd`lq ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,17


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8,9 Dl{w`kua{d`l[je Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l *FJQWH$ dq a`l{dluùqbt q{wd~dlo {` dfyw`~e whdb {whlqy`w{h{d`l dl {jeFdkeq{ hlk dl yhw{daubhw dfybefel{ h Jdoj Qyeek Whdb *JQW$ ~dqd`l n`w {je Fdkeq{, [je hqqàdh{d`l {ehfek uyd{j Qdefelq" j` qy`lq`wek {je q{ukt" hlk {je Ea`l`fda Ke~eb`yfel{ Weqehwaj Owùy" Dla, *EKWO$ `n G`q{`l"FH hlk HEA@F" j` yweyhwek d{, [jdq q{ukt hqqeqqeq {je ea l`fda dfyha{q `n JQW `l {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y bd{hlhweh, [jeqe ea`l`fda ajhloeq dbb ge aweh{ek gt dl~eq{fel{q dl {je auwwel{ Ajdaho` hweh whdb qtq{ef hlk `{jew{whlqy`w{h{d`l nhadbd{deq wexudwek {` quyy`w{ h {wue jdoj&qyeek dl{ewad{t yhqqeloew {whdl qtq{ef, [je q{ukt dqq{wua{uwek {` yw`~dke hl dlkeyelkel{ b``m get`lk ezdq{dlo weod`lhb yhqqeloew whdb ybhlq {` h {dfe dl {je nu{uwejel jdoj&qyeek dl{ewad{t {whdl qew~dae" auwwel{bt elc`tek gt `{jew ke~eb`yek hlk ke~eb`ydlo y`q{&dlkuq{wdhbea`l`fdeq" gea`feq h wehbd{t dl {je Uld{ek Q{h{eq,

[je o`hb `n {je q{ukt dq {` yw`~dke h ahlkdk hlk dfyhw{dhb hqqeqqfel{ `n h dke whloe `n dl~eq{fel{q {jh{ dbb leek{` ge fhke dl whdbw`hkq" a`ffu{ew whdb hlk {whlqd{ {` quyy`w{ h JQW jug dl k`l{`l Ajdaho` hlk {` jeby el~dqd`l{je {tyeq `n bhlk uqe hlk ke~eb`yfel{ y`{el{dhb {jh{ h ebb&keqdolek" dl{eowh{ek jdoj&qyeek qtq{ef aùbk yw`kuaen`w Ajdaho` hlk d{q quwwùlkdlo a`ffuld{deq, [je q{ukt yw`~dkeq h ghqdq n`w ulkewq{hlkdlo {je whloe `ndlnwhq{wua{uwe dl~eq{fel{q" JQW&`wdel{ek ke~eb`yfel{ y`{el{dhb hlk quyy`w{d~e {whlqy`w{h{d`l qew~daeq wexudwek {`hajde~e fub{df`khb dl{eowh{ek JQW {whlqy`w{h{d`l qtq{efq dl a`we fe{w`y`bd{hl ael{ewq dl {je Uld{ek Q{h{eq,

[je q{ukt hbq` yw`~dkeq hl hqqeqqfel{ `n {je htq {jh{ JQW dbb jeby {` dl{eowh{e {je ea`l`fdeq `n fhc`wfe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq {jwùojù{ {je Fdkeq{, [je nàuq dq `l {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh geahuqe `n d{q ael{whb

w`be dl {je ea`l`ft `n {je weod`l" hlk geahuqe ehaj `n {je JQW bdleq hqqeqqek dl {jdq q{ukt dq bdlmek kdwea{bt d{jdl{ewa`llea{dlo a`ffu{ew whdb" {whlqd{ hlk quguwghl q{h{d`lq qew~dlo Ajdaho`bhlk, [je ea`l`fda dfyha{q hweqdoldndahl{ hlk qj` j` JQW dbb ybht h ~d{hb w`be dl hk~hladlo Ajdaho`q y`qd{d`l hq h ob`ghb fe{w`y`bd{hl ael{ew`n guqdleqq hlk ndlhlae aweh{dlo lehwbt 89;"999 yewfhlel{" jdoj&yhtdlo le c`gq hlk +?,: gdbbd`l hlluhbbt dl leguqdleqq qhbeq, E~el f`we dfy`w{hl{" hlk hq te{ ulezyb`wek" hwe {je ea`l`fda a`lqexuelaeq `n dl{w`kuadlo JQWqew~dae {` ehaj `n {je qe~el fhc`w fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq d{j y`yubh{d`lq ge{eel 1 fdbbd`l hlk 8 fdbbd`l" hlk {jeqe~el ad{deq d{j y`yubh{d`lq ge{eel 799"999 hlk ?59"999, Hq qj`l dl h weael{ q{ukt n`w {je U,Q, A`lnewelae `nFht`wq" {je ea`l`fda ennea{q `n JQW `l qfhbb hlk fekduf qdsek fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq ahl ge {whlqn`wfh{d~e jela`fgdlek d{j ennea{d~e bhlk uqe hlk {whlqy`w{h{d`l qew~daeq,

[je `~ewhbb q{ukt hweh dq kendlek gt {je bàh{d`l `n fhc`w fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq d{jdl 199 {` ;59 fdbeq `n Ajdaho`"jdaj a`wweqy`lkq {` h {`& {` {jwee&jùw" `le&ht JQW {wdy, [jdq dq {je qhfe hweh a`~ewek gt {je Fdkeq{Weod`lhb Whdb Dld{dh{d~e *F_WWD$ ybhl {` ke~eb`y h qtq{ef `n 889&fdbeq yew jùw *fyj$ Weod`lhb JQW a`wwdk`wqwhkdh{dlo nw`f Ajdaho`, [jdq ybhl hq f`q{ weael{bt kàufel{ek dl {je F_WWD Ezeau{d~e Wey`w{ yugbdqjek dlQey{efgew 799;, [jùoj {je yhw{dadyh{dlo q{h{eq Dbbdl`dq" Dlkdhlh" D`h" @jd`" _dqa`lqdl" Fdajdohl" Fdlleq`{h"Fdqqùwd hlk Legwhqmh jh~e a`lkua{ek q{ukdeq `n h lufgew `n dlkd~dkuhb a`wwdk`wq qdlae d{q yugbdah{d`l" {je 799;Ezeau{d~e Wey`w{ wefhdlq {je ghqdq n`w {je a``yewh{d~e ~dqd`l `n 889&fyj qew~dae dl {je q{ukt hweh" dlabukdlo {jeyhw{dadyh{dlo q{h{eq weael{ hyybdah{d`lq n`w nekewhb JQW nulkdlo8,

[je F_WWD ybhl ùbk yw`~dke {whdlq hyyw`zdfh{ebt e~ewt {` jùwq ge{eel fhc`w keq{dlh{d`lq h{ h~ewhoe`yewh{dlo qyeekq `n ?9 {` :9 fyj, [jdq dq h qdoldndahl{ lehw&{ewf uyowhke {jh{ `nnewq dl{ewad{t {wh~ebewq h aj`dae `nwhdb {wh~eb {dfeq {jh{ hwe wehq`lhgbe hb{ewlh{d~eq {` hu{` {wh~eb hlk bhtq {je owùlk`wm n`w h w`guq{ weod`lhb le{`wmn`w {je nu{uwe, Jè~ew" {wue JQW qew~dae `yewh{dlo h{ {`y qyeekq `n 859& {` 779&fyj `w f`we" dq h kdnnewel{ yw`kua{{jhl {je uyowhkek a`l~el{d`lhb yhqqeloew whdb qew~dae el~dqd`lek dl {je F_WWD ybhl,

[je met h{{wdgu{e `n {wue JQW hq d{ dq el~dqd`lek dl {jdq q{ukt dq {jh{ d{ au{q {wh~eb {dfe ge{eel fhc`w ad{t yhdwq {ùlkew {jwee jùwq" fhmdlo kht {wdyq gt whdb y`qqdgbe hlk whdb k``w&{`&k``w {wh~eb {dfe a`fybefel{hwt {` hdw {wh~eb n`wad{deq d{jdl ;59 fdbeq `n Ajdaho`, Nwexuel{ {whdlq" jdoj&ahyhad{t hlk abàmnhae qajekubeq wef`~e `wwdeq hgù{

wulldlo bh{e hlk fdqqdlo {je {whdl geahuqe hl`{jew {whdl dbb ge beh~dlo d{jdl hl jùw, _jewe JQW jhq geeldl{w`kuaek dl Euw`ye hlk Hqdh" {je xuhl{uf behy dl nwexuelat" qyeek hlk ahyhad{t dljewel{ dl A`we Ezyweqq JQWqew~dae" hb`lo d{j a`ffelquwh{e neekew qew~daeq" jhq yw`kuaek h qeh ajhloe dl {wh~eb gejh~d`w, _d{j A`weEzyweqq JQW qew~dae" {je {whdl gea`feq {je ywenewwek f`ke `n {wh~eb n`w guqdleqq hlk ybehquwe ge{eel keq{dlh{d`lqhb`lo {je wù{e" hlk {je {jwee&jùw {wh~eb {dfe hbb`q whdb {` ahy{uwe `~ewhbb fhwme{ qjhweq `n 19 yewael{ `w f`we,

Dl {je a`l{ez{ `n h nu{uwe Fdkeq{ yhqqeloew JQW qtq{ef" jdaj dlabukeq q`fe a`wwdk`wq {jh{ `yewh{e h{ qyeekq uy{` 779&fyj" {je F_WWD ybhl dq h a`q{&ennea{d~e dld{dhb dl~eq{fel{, [je jdoj a`lq{wua{d`l hlk `yewh{dlo a`q{ `n A`weEzyweqq JQW qew~dae ahl `lbt ge a`ffewadhbbt cuq{dndek dl h ne jdoj&~`bufe {wh~eb fhwme{q, Fekduf hlk qfhbbfhwme{q dbb a`l{dlue {` ge qew~ek gt a`l~el{d`lhb yhqqeloew whdb wù{eq {jh{ qew~e hq neekewq {` {je A`we Ezyweqq

_d{j {je ezaey{d`l `n Legwhqmh" jdaj jhq l`{ hyybdek n`w nekewhb JQW nulkdlo


8/40


JQW bdleq, [jewen`we" {je yw`{`{tydahb JQW a`wwdk`wq e~hbuh{ek dl {jdq q{ukt jh~e geel nubbt dl{eowh{ek dl{` {jeF_WWD ybhl" hq qj`l dl Ndouwe 8, [jdq q{ukt hbq` keqawdgeq j` JQW *d{j 859 {` 799- fyj {`y qyeekq$ ahl gedl{w`kuaek dlawefel{hbbt {jwùoj dlnwhq{wua{uwe uyowhkeq `~ew h lufgew `n tehwq" jdbe {je F_WWD&yw`y`qekqtq{ef `n ?4 {` 889&fyj qew~dae a`l{dlueq {` yw`~dke dfyw`~ek whdb qew~dae {` {je Fdkeq{,

7,9 Fdkeq{ Ahlkdkh{e A`wwdk`w Keqawdy{d`lqNùw a`wwdk`wq ael{ewek `l Ajdaho` hyyehw hyyw`ywdh{e n`w e~el{uhb uyowhke {` A`we Ezyweqq jdoj&qyeek qew~dae*779- &fyj$" bdme {j`qe l` `yewh{dlo dl Euw`ye hlk Hqdh, [jdq le{`wm ùbk qew~e {je qdz bhwoeq{ fe{w`y`bd{hlhwehq `n {je Fdkeq{ Ajdaho`" Ke{w`d{" Fdllehy`bdq/Q{, Yhub" Q{, Bùdq" Adladllh{d hlk Abe~ebhlk" yw`~dkdlo elk&{`&elk qew~dae `n beqq {jhl {jwee jùwq dl ehaj a`wwdk`w, [je nùw a`wwdk`wq hlk y`{el{dhb q{h{d`lq hwe qj`l dl Ndouwe7, [jeqe dlabuke {je n`bb`dlo3

Ajdaho` {` Fdllehy`bdq/Q{, Yhub Ajdaho` {` Q{, Bùdq Ajdaho` {` Adladllh{d Ajdaho` {` Ke{w`d{/Abe~ebhlk

[jdq q{ukt nàuqeq `l {je Ajdaho` jug" dbbuq{wh{dlo {je a`lqdkewh{d`lq dl~`b~ek d{j dfybefel{dlo JQW dl h kelqe"

uwghl el~dw`lfel{ hlk dl jeh~dbt&{whnndamek whdb a`wwdk`wq, _d{jdl {jdq hweh" hlk eqyeadhbbt h{ oweh{ew kdq{hlaeq nw`fAjdaho`" wù{dlo hlk q{h{d`l bàh{d`lq hwe yw`~dkek hq ezhfybeq hlk k` l`{ leaeqqhwdbt wenbea{ qyeadndawea`ffelkh{d`lq, Nubb el~dw`lfel{hb we~de hlk fhwme{ hlhbtqdq dbb ge ~d{hb dl dkel{dntdlo h whloe `n hb{ewlh{d~eqn`w wù{dlo hlk q{h{d`l bàh{d`lq dl ehaj a`wwdk`w, [je n`bb`dlo qea{d`lq keqawdge y`qqdgbe hbdolfel{q hlkdfyw`~efel{q {jh{ ùbk ge wexudwek {` wehbdse A`we Ezyweqq 779&fyj JQW qew~dae, [je {ewf 779&fyj dq uqek {`keqawdge {`y qyeekq= geahuqe {whdlq ùbk fhme h lufgew `n dl{ewfekdh{e q{`yq hlk {`y qyeekq dbb l`{ ge wehajek`l hbb qea{d`lq `n h a`wwdk`w, N`w yuwy`qeq n eq{dfh{dlo ha{uhb {wh~eb {dfeq hlk wdkewqjdy" elk&{`&elk qyeekqhyyw`hajdlo 859&fyj hwe uqek, Met a`lqdkewh{d`lq weohwkdlo wù{e qebea{d`l hwe ezefybdndek dl {je Jdoj QyeekWhdb Ke~eb`yfel{ Ajeambdq{ yw`~dkek dl Qea{d`l 88,

Ndouwe 83 A`laey{ Ybhl n`w Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Wù{dlo hlk A`llea{d~d{t Fdkeq{ Weod`l

Qùwae3 HEA@F 7988= wù{dloq hwe qugcea{ {` nubb el~dw`lfel{hb we~de hlk fhwme{ hlhbtqdq,


9/40


Ndouwe 7h3 Jdoj Qyeek Whdb A`wwdk`wq E~hbuh{ek



10/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqq`adh{d`l ; Hywdb 7988

Ndouwe 7g3 Jdoj Qyeek Whdb A`wwdk`wq E~hbuh{ek



11/40


7,8 Ajdaho` {` Fdllehy`bdq/Q{, Yhub@n {je nùw a`wwdk`wq dkel{dndek n`w e~el{uhb A`we Ezyweqq JQW qew~dae qj`l dl Ndouwe 8" {jdq a`wwdk`w dq {je b`loeq{

h{ cuq{ ulkew ;59 fdbeq, Ndouwe 8 qj`q {` ~dhgbe JQW wù{dloq ~dh Ehu Abhdwe" Wàjeq{ew hlk {je ezdq{dlo Hf{whm

wd~ew wù{e, Wàjeq{ew hq e~hbuh{ek dl {jdq q{ukt geahuqe {je ezdq{dlo Hf{whm wù{e dq l { qud{hgbe n`w qyeekq

oweh{ew {jhl 49 fyj hlk {je wù{dlo {` Q{, Yhub ~dh Ehu Abhdwe ùbk wexudwe le gwdkoeq `~ew {je yw`{ea{ek Q{,

Aw`dz Wd~ew hlk Gwuae êl{` Yhwm, D{ ùbk ge awd{dahb {` nubbt dl{eowh{e {je qajekubeq `n {je yw`y`qek F_WWD

qew~dae `l {je wd~ew wù{e hlk le qew~dae `l {je Ehu Abhdwe wù{e d{j {j`qe n`w {je 779 fyj wù{e, [je wù{e

q{ukdek dq qj`l dl Ndouwe 7h hlk keqawdgek geb`3

Nw`f hl ulkewowùlk _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew q{h{d`l `w wea`lndouwek Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l*AUQ$ dl K`l{`l Ajdaho`" JQW ùbk ge wù{ek l`w{j dl h {ulleb hlk/`w hewdhb q{wua{uwe {` n`bb` hl

hbdolfel{ hb`lo {je Fdbhumee Kdq{wda{ L`w{j Fe{wh bdle hq qj`l dl Ndouwe 1

JQW ùbk a`l{dlue l`w{j hb`lo h kdwea{ wù{e `w ~dh @Jhwe Dl{ewlh{d`lhb Hdwy`w{` @l {je kdwea{ wù{e" JQW ùbk a`l{dlue hb`lo {je Fdbhumee Kdq{wda{ L`w{j bdle {` wehaj h l`w{j

qdke dl{ewf`khb q{h{d`l dl Keewndebk h{ Bhme A``m Fe{wh Q{h{d`l

` @l {je @Jhwe wù{e" JQW ùbk ge wù{ek hb`lo {je Fdbhumee Kdq{wda{ _eq{ Fe{wh bdle {` qew~eh q{h{d`l geb` h le @Jhwe _eq{ [ewfdlhb hlk wec`dl {je kdwea{ wù{e qù{j `n Bhme A``m Fe{wh

Q{h{d`l ~dh {je Uld`l Yhadnda *n`wfew Ajdaho` . L`w{j _eq{ewl$ a`wwdk`w,

Ge{eel W`lkù{ *jewe Fe{wh {uwlq eq{ {`hwk Bdgew{t~dbbe$ hlk Fdbhumee" JQW ùbk oelewhbbtn`bb` {je Ahlhkdhl Yhadnda *n`wfew Fdbhumee W`hk$ a`wwdk`w,

Dl Fdbhumee" JQW ùbk q{`y h{ Fd{ajebb Ndebk hlk {je k`l{`l dl{ewf`khb q{h{d`l, JQW ùbk oelewhbbt n`bb` {je D&49 a`wwdk`w eq{ `n k`l{`l Fdbhumee {` Wàjeq{ew ~dh Bh Aw`qqe"

a`l{dludlo l`w{j dl {je UQ 57 a`wwdk`w {` Q{, Yhub,

H Fhkdq`l q{h{d`l" jewe {je _dqa`lqdl hlk Qù{jewl *n`wfew Fdbhumee W`hk$ aw`qqeq ulkew D&14/49/4;"ùbk fdldfdse wù{e ke~dh{d`l gu{ wexudwe k`l{`l qju{{be qew~dae= `{jew ~hwdùq q{h{d`l bàh{d`lq jh~e

geel quooeq{ek hlk hwe qugcea{ {` nuw{jew q{ukt,

JQW ùbk hyyw`haj {je [dl Ad{deq nw`f {je qù{j&qù{jeq{" hbb`dlo haaeqq {` {je ezdq{dlo jdq{`wda Q{,Yhub Uld`l Key`{" {jel a`l{dludlo `l ~dh hl Q&auw~e `l{` Guwbdlo{`l L`w{jewl Qhl{h Ne *GLQN$ wdoj{&

`n&ht= bàhb {whlqd{ yw`~dkeq nwexuel{" bdfd{ek&q{`y guq qew~dae ge{eel k`l{`l Q{, Yhub hlkFdllehy`bdq&Q{, Yhub Dl{ewlh{d`lhb Hdwy`w{,

Hl hewdhb hbdolfel{ dl {je GLQN a`wwdk`w ùbk a`llea{ JQW ge{eel Q{, Yhub hlk [hwoe{ Ndebk q{h{d`l dlFdllehy`bdq d{j kdwea{ a`llea{d`lq {` bdoj{ whdb hlk a`ffu{ew whdb

7,7 Ajdaho` {` Q{, Bùdq[` y`{el{dhb wù{eq hwe a`laed~hgbe dl {jdq a`wwdk`w ~dh Ajhfyhdol/Uwghlh `w Gb``fdlo{`l/L`wfhb,[je

Ajhfyhdol wù{e q{ukdek dl {jdq wey`w{ ùbk qew~e bhwoew fhwme{q" {jewen`we oelewh{dlo oweh{ew wdkewqjdy {jhl {je

Gb``fdlo{`l wù{e" jdbe q{dbb hbb`dlo n`w hl elk&{`&elk {wh~eb {dfe `n hyyw`zdfh{ebt {` jùwq, [` hajde~e hl

h~ewhoe {wh~eb qyeek hyyw`hajdlo 859&fyj" 779&fyj hbdolfel{q ùbk ge dfybefel{ek ge{eel Ajdaho` hlk

Ajhfyhdol hlk ge{eel Qywdlondebk hlk Q{, Bùdq,

Nw`f hl ulkewowùlk _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew q{h{d`l `w wea`lndouwek AUQ" JQW ùbk ge wù{ekqù{j dl h {ulleb hlk/`w hewdhb q{wua{uwe ~dh {je Q{, Ajhwbeq Hdw Bdle {` n`bb` hl hbdolfel{ dl {je Fe{wh

Ebea{wda Kdq{wda{ / Ahlhkdhl Lh{d`lhb *n`wfew Dbbdl`dq Ael{whb$ a`wwdk`w" hq qj`l dl Ndouwe 1

JQW q{h{d`lq ùbk ge bàh{ek h{ FaA`wfdam Ybhae *e~el{q `lbt$" Jtke Yhwm hlk h Qù{jeq{ Dl{ewf`khbQ{h{d`l bàh{ek dl Jhw~et `w J`fe``k" qugcea{ {` nuw{jew q{ukt

[je hbdolfel{ ùbk a`l{dlue {` n`bb` {je Ahlhkdhl Lh{d`lhb d{j h q{`y h{ {je ezdq{dlo Dbbdl`dq [ewfdlhbdl Ajhfyhdol


12/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l > Hywdb 7988

Qù{j `n Ajhfyhdol" JQW ùbk auw~e eq{ dl{` hl hbdolfel{ dl {je le wdoj{&`n&ht {` wehaj {je D&?7a`wwdk`w lehw {je Qhlohf`l Wd~ew aw`qqdlo

JQW ùbk n`bb` D&?7" {je Keah{uw Cula{d`l Whdbht hlk Ahlhkdhl Lh{d`lhb {` wehaj h le q{h{d`l `l {jeehq{ qdke `n k`l{`l Keah{uw

Nw`f Keah{uw" JQW ùbk auw~e eq{ nw`f {je Ahlhkdhl Lh{d`lhb a`wwdk`w {` hl hbdolfel{ dl {je lewdoj{&`n&ht {` we&el{ew {je D&?7 a`wwdk`w

Hyyw`hajdlo Qywdlondebk" JQW ùbk {whlqd{d`l nw`f {je D&?7 a`wwdk`w" n`bb`dlo {je L`wn`bm Qù{jewl*n`wfew _hghqj$ ed{jew {` h {ulleb a`llea{dlo {` {je Uld`l Yhadnda *n`wfew Ajdaho` . Hb{`l$ a`wwdk`w {` h

q{`y h{ {je Ajdaho` . Hb{`l Q{h{d`l `w {` h q{`y hb`lo {je L`wn`bm Qù{jewl dl {je 89{j Q{wee{ a`wwdk`w"

jdaj {je ad{t jhq dkel{dndek n`w whdbw`hk a`lq`bdkh{d`l

Nw`f Qywdlondebk" JQW {whlqd{d`lq nw`f {je Uld`l Yhadnda *n`wfew Ajdaho` . Hb{`l$ {` oelewhbbtn`bb` D&55

Dl {je ~dadld{t `n _`wkel" JQW ùbk {whlqd{d`l {` {je Uld`l Yhadnda *n`wfew Abe~ebhlk Adladllh{dAjdaho` . Q{, Bùdq Whdbht$ {` wehaj {je Oh{eht [ewfdlhb hweh dl ehq{ewl Q{, Bùdq

JQW ùbk n`bb` [ewfdlhb Whdbw`hk Hqqàdh{d`l *n`wfew Ad{t `n Q{, Bùdq$ wdoj{&`n&ht haw`qq h leFdqqdqqdyyd Wd~ew gwdkoe {` wehaj {je Oh{eht Fub{df`khb [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew dl Q{, Bùdq

7,1 Ajdaho` {` Adladllh{dH{ beqq {jhl 199 fdbeq" {jdq dq {je qj`w{eq{ `n {je nùw dkel{dndek jdoj&qyeek a`wwdk`wq, [` hajde~e hl elk&{`&elk

{wh~eb qyeek hyyw`hajdlo 859&fyj hlk h {wh~eb {dfe `n beqq {jhl {` jùwq" 779&fyj hbdolfel{q ùbk ge

dfybefel{ek ge{eel Ajdaho` hlk Ohwt" {jel {jwùoj N{, _htle hlk Dlkdhlhy`bdq {` {je ~dadld{t `n Oweelqguwo,

Geahuqe `n {je jdbbt {`yòwhyjt `n qù{jehq{ewl Dlkdhlh hlk {je Adladllh{d hweh" hbdolfel{q quyy`w{dlo f`we f`keq{

qyeekq ùbk ge dfybefel{ek `l {je hyyw`haj {` Adladllh{d,

Hq qj`l dl Ndouwe 7g" {je Ajdaho` {` Adladllh{d wù{e q{ukdek dl {jdq wey`w{ jhq {je n`bb`dlo hbdolfel{3

JQW ùbk ge wù{ek nw`f {je _eq{ B``y/Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l a`fybez hq keqawdgek hg`~e n`w {je Q{,Bùdq a`wwdk`w

Qù{j `n Jtke Yhwm Q{h{d`l" JQW ùbk auw~e ehq{ {` n`bb` {je L`wn`bm Qù{jewl *n`wfew Yellqtb~hldhWhdbw`hk$/Le T`wm Ael{whb *n`wfew Bhme Qj`we . Fdajdohl Qù{jewl$ a`wwdk`w {` h q{`y h{ {je ezdq{dlo

Ohwt Fe{w` Ael{ew Q{h{d`l `l {je Qù{j Qj`we Bdle

JQW ùbk n`bb` {je D&>5 a`wwdk`w nw`f Ohwt {` Dlkdhlhy`bdq" kd~ew{dlo hb`lo {je AQZ [whlqy`w{h{d`l"L`wn`bm Qù{jewl hlk A`lwhdb *n`wfew Abe~ebhlk Adladllh{d Ajdaho` . Q{, Bùdq Whdbht$ a`wwdk`wq {` q{`y

h{ {je ezdq{dlo Hf{whm q{h{d`l dl Bhnhte{{e

Nw`f D&>5" JQW ùbk hyyw`haj Dlkdhlhy`bdq Uld`l Q{h{d`l ~dh AQZ [whlqy`w{h{d`l *n`wfew Yellqtb~hldhWhdbw`hk$" D&?; hlk A`lwhdb *n`wfew Ye`wdh . Ehq{ewl$

Nw`f Dlkdhlhy`bdq" JQW ùbk n`bb` AQZ [whlqy`w{h{d`l *n`wfew Abe~ebhlk Adladllh{d Ajdaho` . Q{,Bùdq Whdbht$ {` {je ~dadld{t `n Oweelqguwo hlk {whlqd{d`l {` {je D&?; a`wwdk`w

Hyyw`hajdlo Adladllh{d" JQW ùbk n`bb` D&?;" aw`qqdlo Fdbb Aweem" {jwehkdlo {jwùoj Xueelqoh{e Thwk{` wehaj Adladllh{d Uld`l [ewfdlhb

Hb{jùoj l`{ ezhfdlek dl {jdq wey`w{" hl hb{ewlh{d~e wù{e ~dh Ajhfyhdol hwwhl{q nuw{jew q{ukt, A`fgdldlo {jdqy`w{d`l `n {je Ajdaho` & Adladllh{d wù{e d{j {je Ajdaho` & Q{, Bùdq wù{e fht wekuae {je dld{dhb a`q{q `n

a`lq{wua{d`l, D{ ùbk kdwea{bt {de Ajdaho` {` Dlkdhlhy`bdq hlk Adladllh{d ~dh `le `n {je Fdkeq{q fhc`w uld~ewqd{t

hlk weqehwaj a`fybezeq, F`we dfy`w{hl{bt" {jdq wù{dlo ùbk aweh{e {je hgdbd{t {` yw`~dke kdwea{ qew~dae ge{eel

Q{, Bùdq hlk Adladllh{d dl beqq {jhl {jwee jùwq d{jù{ gudbkdlo h qeyhwh{e bdle, Ulkew {jdq qaelhwd`" d{ ùbk ge

awd{dahb {` nubbt dl{eowh{e {je qajekubeq `n {je yw`y`qek 889&fyj Ajdaho` qew~dae ~dh Bhnhte{{e hlk Ohwt d{j {j`qe

n`w {je 779 fyj wù{e, Hq kefhlk n`w qew~daeq hwwhl{q *dlabukdlo kelqd{deq hb`lo {je Q{, Bùdq {` Ajdaho` wù{e$"

779&fyj qew~dae {` Ohwt hlk Bhnhte{{e *hq qj`l dl Ndouwe 7g$ aùbk ge dl{w`kuaek,


13/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l ? Hywdb 7988

7,; Ajdaho` {` Ke{w`d{/Abe~ebhlk[jdq a`wwdk`w yhqqeq {jwùoj Ohwt hlk N`w{ _htle {` [`bek`" jewe {je wù{e ùbk gwhlaj {` Ke{w`d{ hlk

Abe~ebhlk, [` quyy`w{ hl `~ewhbb h~ewhoe {wh~eb qyeek `n 859&fyj dl {jdq a`wwdk`w" 779&fyj hbdolfel{q ùbk ge

dfybefel{ek ge{eel Ohwt hlk [`bek`, Od~el {je webh{d~ebt qj`w{ kdq{hlae ge{eel [`bek` hlk Ke{w`d{" hlk

ajhbbelodlo {`yòwhyjt ge{eel [`bek` hlk Abe~ebhlk" 859&fyj hbdolfel{q ùbk ge dfybefel{ek ge{eel {jeqe

ad{deq" jdaj ùbk q{dbb fhdl{hdl {je ezyea{ek elk&{`&elk {wh~eb {dfeq `n 8 jùw 55 fdlu{eq" hlk 7 jùw" 85 fdlu{eq"weqyea{d~ebt,

JQW ùbk ge wù{ek nw`f {je _eq{ B``y/Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l a`fybez hq keqawdgek hg`~e n`w {jeAdladllh{d a`wwdk`w

Nw`f Ohwt" JQW ùbk n`bb` {je Ajdaho` N`w{ _htle . Ehq{ewl *n`wfew Yellqtb~hldh Whdbw`hk$ {` N`w{_htle" d{j h q{`y h{ Ghmew Q{wee{ Q{h{d`l= h wù{e ~dh Qù{j Gelk hlk Ebmjhw{ ùbk qew~e h a`lqdkewhgbe

ezdq{dlo whdb yhqqeloew fhwme{" hwwhl{dlo nuw{jew q{ukt" gu{ ùbk y`qqdgbt wexudwe h le oweelndebkq

hbdolfel{ {` {je ehq{ `n Ebmjhw{

JQW ùbk n`bb` {je L`wn`bm Qù{jewl *n`wfew Le T`wm Ajdaho` . Q{, Bùdq Whdbw`hk$ ehq{ nw`f N`w{_htle" auw~dlo l`w{j dl {je ~dadld{t `n Bedyqda {` n`bb` {je AQZ [whlqy`w{h{d`l *n`wfew Adladllh{d

Jhfdb{`l . Kht{`l Whdbht$ {` Yewwtqguwo

Dl {je ~dadld{t `n Yewwtqguwo" JQW ùbk {whlqd{d`l {` D&?5" hyyw`hajdlo [`bek` Uld`l Q{h{d`l ~dh AQZ[whlqy`w{h{d`l *n`wfew Adladllh{d Jhfdb{`l . Kht{`l hlk [`bek` . @jd` Ael{whb Whdbhtq$ hlk h le

Fhufee Wd~ew gwdkoe

[whdlq ùbk qybd{ h{ [`bek`" d{j `le jhbn a`l{dludlo {` Ke{w`d{ hlk {je `{jew jhbn o`dlo {` Abe~ebhlk Ke{w`d{ {whdlq ùbk jehk eq{ hlk l`w{j hb`lo {je L`wn`bm Qù{jewl *n`wfew Ghb{df`we . @jd` Whdbw`hk$

hlk A`lwhdb a`wwdk`w {` wehaj {je ezdq{dlo Hf{whm q{h{d`l dl Ke{w`d{q Le Ael{ew kdq{wda{

Abe~ebhlk {whdlq ùbk {uwl ehq{ `~ew {je le Fhufee Wd~ew gwdkoe hlk n`bb` AQZ *n`wfew [`bek` .@jd` Ael{whb$ hlk Yell Ael{whb *n`wfew Yellqtb~hldh Whdbw`hk$ {` wehaj D&:9/49

JQW ùbk n`bb` D&:9/49 *@jd` [uwlydme$ ehq{ {` {whlqd{d`l {` {je L`wn`bm Qù{jewl *n`wfew Bhme Qj`we. Fdajdohl Qù{jewl$ dl {je ~dadld{t `n Hfjewq{ hlk Ebtwdh

JQW ùbk a`l{dlue ehq{ hb`lo {je L`wn`bm Qù{jewl *n`wfew Bhme Qj`we . Fdajdohl Qù{jewl$" d{j hq{`y h{ J`ymdlq Dl{ewlh{d`lhb Hdwy`w{" {` wehaj Bhmenw`l{ Q{h{d`l dl Abe~ebhlk

Nw`f {je Bhmenw`l{ Q{h{d`l dl Abe~ebhlk" yhqqeloewq nw`f Ajdaho` aùbk a`llea{ {` {je L`w{jehq{ A`wwdk`w d{j

JQW qew~dae ~dh Yd{{qguwoj,

1,9 Dl{ewf`khb Dl{eowh{d`l d{j Fe{w` Guq hlk Whdb Qew~daeq[` {hme nubb hk~hl{hoe `n {je `yy`w{uld{t n`w JQW qew~dae" {` wekuae hu{`f`gdbe webdhlae hlk a`fybefel{ b`lo&jhub

hdw {wh~eb gt yw`~dkdlo neekew qew~dae" ybhlldlo qjùbk a`lqdkew htq {` fhzdfdse uqe `n {whlqd{ hlk `{jew whdb

qew~daeq n`w haaeqq, [je kdqauqqd`l geb` qyeadndahbbt a`lqdkewq {je Ajdaho` hweh, A`lqdkewh{d`lq n`w `{jew ad{deq hwe

yw`~dkek dl {je oudkdlo ywdladybeq yweqel{ek dl Qea{d`l 87, Met qew~dae yw`~dkewq dlabuke3

Ajdaho` [whlqd{ Hu{j`wd{t *A[H$" jdaj `lq hlk `yewh{eq {je whdb whydk {whlqd{ hlk guq qew~daeq qew~dlo{je Ad{t `n Ajdaho`" hq ebb hq ;9 quwwùlkdlo quguwgq

Fe{wh" jdaj fhlhoeq 88 a`ffu{ew whdb bdleq qew~dlo f`we {jhl 899 a`ffuld{deq" hbb ywdfhwdbt d{jdl h15&fdbe whkduq `n k`l{`l Ajdaho`

Yhae" h qdq{ew guq a`fyhlt {` Fe{wh" qew~dlo qdz fe{w` aùl{deq d{j quguwghl {whlqd{ qew~dae wehajdloq`fe 789 a`ffuld{deq" hl huzdbdhwt yw`~dkew {` {je Fe{wh hlk A[H whdb hlk guq le{`wmq

[je qew~dae a`laey{ n`w dl{eowh{d`l d{j a`ffu{ew whdb hlk bàhb {whlqd{ dq ghqek uy`l kdnnewel{dh{d`l `n qew~dae

ge{eel JQW" jdaj dbb ywdfhwdbt qew~e dl{ewad{t {wh~eb" ~ewquq weod`lhb hlk bàhb yw`~dkewq" jdaj dbb ywdfhwdbt

yw`~dke weod`lhb hlk bàhb haaeqq {` {je JQW qtq{ef, Dl hkkd{d`l {` k`l{`l Ajdaho`" a`llea{d~d{t y`dl{q jewe


14/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l : Hywdb 7988

JQW {wh~ebewq aùbk dl{ewajhloe d{j {je weod`lhb le{`wm jh~e geel dkel{dndek h{ @Jhwe Dl{ewlh{d`lhb Hdwy`w{"

Bhme A``m Fe{wh Q{h{d`l" Jtke Yhwm *55{j" 54{j `w >1wk Q{wee{ Fe{wh Q{h{d`l$ h Qù{jeq{ Dl{ewf`khb *h{ Jhw~et

Fe{wh Q{h{d`l `w J`fe``k$" hlk Ohwt Fe{w` Ael{ew Q{h{d`l `l {je Qù{j Qj`we Bdle" hq qj`l dl Ndouwe 1,

Bhme A``m Fe{wh Dl{ewf`khb *Ndouwe ;$ Yw`~dqd`l `n hl dl{ewf`khb q{h{d`l d{j Fe{wh `l {je l`w{j qdkeùbk `nnew JQW yh{w`lq h ndlhb y`dl{ {` {whlqnew ge{eel @Jhwe hlk k`l{`l Ajdaho` kdwea{ {whdlq" hq

ebb hq Fe{wh {whdlq, [je q{h{d`l qew~eq {je jehw{ `n {je jdojeq{ quguwghl efyb`tfel{ a`lael{wh{d`lge{eel {je [wd Q{h{e [`bbht *D&4;$ hlk {je Ekelq Ezyweqqht hlk dq bàh{ek dl h a`ffewadhb kdq{wda{

qew~ek gt qe~ewhb Yhae guq wù{eq

Jtke Yhwm Fe{wh Dl{ewf`khb *Ndouwe 5$ H JQW q{h{d`l h{ {je 55{j" 54{j `w >1wk Q{wee{ Fe{wh q{h{d`lùbk yw`~dke a`llea{d~d{t d{jdl {je dllew Fe{wh / A[H whdb kdq{wda{, [jdq q{h{d`l ùbk ge bàh{ek lehw

ywdladyhb ha{d~d{t ael{ewq" dlabukdlo {je Uld~ewqd{t `n Ajdaho` hlk {je Fuqeuf `n Qadelae hlk Dlkuq{wt"

hlk ùbk ge qew~ek gt h lufgew `n A[H guq wù{eq, [je q{h{d`l hbq` yweqel{q {je `yy`w{uld{t n`w h Guq

Whydk [whlqd{ *GW[$ bdlm {` Fdkht Hdwy`w{

Qù{jeq{ Dl{ewf`khb *Ndouwe >$ H qea`lk qù{j qdke dl{ewf`khb ùbk yw`~dke h a`llea{d`l {` {jeweod`lhb le{`wm n`w JQW hq d{ el{ewq {je fe{w` hweh nw`f {je qù{j, @le `y{d`l dq h{ {je ezdq{dlo Jhw~et

Fe{wh q{h{d`l" bàh{ek dl h a`ffewadhb kdq{wda{ qew~ek gt hl ez{elqd~e Yhae guq qew~dae, H q{h{d`l h{

J`fe``k dq hl hb{ewlh{d~e,

Ohwt Fe{w` Ael{ew *Ndouwe ?$ Ohwt" Dlkdhlh" dq bàh{ek lehw {je ekoe `n {je fe{w` weod`l a`ffu{e qjekhlk dq qew~ek gt {je Qù{j Qj`we Bdle, Hl dl{ewf`khb h{ {je ezdq{dlo Ohwt Fe{w` Ael{ew q{h{d`l ùbk

yw`~dke h a`llea{d`l {` Jhff`lk" Fdajdohl Ad{t" Qù{j Gelk hlk dl{ewfekdh{e y`dl{q, [je q{h{d`l

nula{d`lq hq {je jug `n {je bàhb guq le{`wm hlk bdeq d{jdl hbmdlo kdq{hlae `n {je ad~da ael{ew"

a`l~el{d`l ael{ew hlk q{hkduf

@Jhwe _eq{ [ewfdlhb Dl{ewf`khb *Ndouwe :$ H kdwea{ bdlm {` {je hdwy`w{ ùbk ge yw`~dkek gt h JQWq{h{d`l geb` h le _eq{ [ewfdlhb" auwwel{bt ulkew a`lqdkewh{d`l *dlkdah{ek dl wek$, [je _eq{ [ewfdlhb

ùbk ge bdlmek {` {je ezdq{dlo {ewfdlhb a`fybez ~dh hl ulkewowùlk Hdwy`w{ [whlqd{ Qtq{ef a`llea{d`l

hlk y`{el{dhbbt hl ez{elqd`l `n {je A[H Gbue Bdle *qj`l dl gbue$, JQW qew~dae kdwea{bt {` @Jhwe ùbk

yw`~dke dfy`w{hl{ quyy`w{d~e hlk a`fybefel{hwt" enndadel{ owùlk haaeqq gt yw`~dkdlo neekew qew~dae n`w

b`lo&jhub hlk dl{ewlh{d`lhb hdw {wh~ebewq nw`f {jwùojù{ {je Fdkeq{,


15/40


Ndouwe 13 Jdoj Qyeek Whdb W`u{dlo hlk A`llea{d~d{t Fe{w` Hweh

Q`uwae3 HEA@F *Ghqe fhy DK@[ Dbbdl`dq Whdbw`hk Fhy" 799>$,


16/40


Ndouwe ;3 Bhme A``m Fe{wh Ndouwe 53 Jtke Yhwm*>1wk Q{wee{ Fe{wh qj`l$

Ndouwe >3 Qù{jeq{ Dl{ewf`khb *Jhw~et Fe{wh qj`l$ Ndouwe ?3 Ohwt Fe{w` Ael{ew

Qùwae3 HEA@F *Ghqe yw`~dkek gt O`òbe$


17/40


Ndouwe :3 @Jhwe _eq{ Dl{ewf`khb A`laey{ YbhlQùwae3 HEA@F" 7988

;,9 Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l *AUQ$ hlk {je Ael{whb Hweh Ha{d`l YbhlHq el~dqd`lek gt {je Ad{t `n Ajdaho`" AUQ dbb a`l{dlue hq {je f`q{ jeh~dbt&u{dbdsek a`ffu{ew whdb q{h{d`l hlk dq

hbq` keqdolh{ek hq {je jug n`w {je F_WWD 889&fyj *Weod`lhb JQW$ qew~dae, [jdq q{ukt hqqufeq {jh{ JQW qew~dae

ùbk ge gwùoj{ {` h ahlkdkh{e bàh{d`l h{ {je yw`y`qek _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew hkchael{ {` AUQ `w dl {je

ezdq{dlo AUQ wea`lndouwek {` haa`ff`kh{e JQW,

;,8 Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l *AUQ$AUQ dq auwwel{bt qew~ek gt qdz Fe{wh bdleq" hq ebb hq 8? Hf{whm dl{ewad{t qew~daeq, [je lufgew `n dl{ewad{t {whdlq dq

ezyea{ek {` abdfg qdoldndahl{bt ghqek uy`l {je ke~eb`yfel{ `n {je 889&fyj Weod`lhb jdoj&qyeek a`wwdk`wq

kebdleh{ek gt {je F_WWD, [je a`fgdlek dfyha{ `n {je F_WWD qew~dae ezyhlqd`l" hb`lo d{j y`{el{dhb Fe{wh

qew~dae dlawehqeq" dq ezyea{ek {` ezaeek {je ahyhad{t `n {je ezdq{dlo nhadbd{t" e~el d{jù{ dlabuqd`l `n JQW qew~dae,

[je ahyhad{t `n {je ezdq{dlo {ewfdlhb dq a`lq{whdlek gt quwwùlkdlo ke~eb`yfel{ hlk d{q gham&{`&gham q{ug&elk

keqdol" d{j `lbt h qdlobe {jwùoj {wham,


18/40


H b`lo&{ewf q`bu{d`l n`w haa`ff`kh{dlo A`we Ezyweqq JQW hlk hkkweqqeq AUQq ahyhad{t a`lq{whdl{q ùbk ge {`

dfybefel{ {je _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew" ulkew Abdl{`l Q{wee{" hkchael{ {` AUQ" `w wea`lndouwe {je ezdq{dlo

AUQ {wham" ybh{n`wf hlk a`laùwqe bhtù{ {` qdoldndahl{bt dlawehqe ahyhad{t, [je _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l

Ael{ew/AUQ Ahyhad{t Ezyhlqd`l dq h met yw`cea{ dkel{dndek dl {je Ael{whb Hweh Ha{d`l Ybhl hk`y{ek gt {je Ajdaho`

Ybhl A`ffdqqd`l `l Huouq{ 79" 7994, [jdq yw`cea{ ùbk hbq` dlabuke h le l`w{j&qù{j A[H qught hbdolfel{

ulkew Abdl{`l Q{wee{ {` q{welo{jel dl{ewf`khb a`llea{d`lq hlk webde~e {je ezdq{dlo" jeh~dbt&uqek l`w{j&qù{j Wek

Bdle qught,

Ndouwe 4 qj`q h y`{el{dhb JQW q{h{d`l bàh{ek dffekdh{ebt eq{ `n Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l hlk qù{j `n @odb~de

Q{h{d`l *jewe {jwee Fe{wh UY bdleq {ewfdlh{e$, Y`qqdgbe haaeqq {` {jdq q{h{d`l" nw`f {je l`w{j" aùbk ge ~dh le

{whamq yhwhbbebdlo {je Fdbhumee Kdq{wda{ Bdleq *FK&LJ hlk FK&_$" {whlqd{d`ldlo {` {je qught ehq{ `n @okel

H~elue" {jel qdlodlo qù{j" {jel ehq{" {` n`bb` Abdl{`l Q{wee{ {jwùoj {je qught, Qù{j `n {je q{h{d`l" {je JQW

hbdolfel{ aùbk efewoe qù{j `n W``qe~eb{ W`hk d{jdl {je Abdl{`l Q{wee{ wdoj{&`n&ht *kdqybhadlo {je ezdq{dlo

w`hkht bhleq$ hlk {whlqd{d`l {` hewdhb a`lndouwh{d`l haw`qq {je ezdq{dlo whdb thwkq hlk Qù{j Gwhlaj `n {je Ajdaho`

Wd~ew `l h le jdoj&be~eb gwdkoe, A`lq{wua{d`l `n {je _eq{ B``y {ewfdlhb aùbk y`{el{dhbbt ge kenewwek" qjùbk {je

Ad{t `n Ajdaho`" Fe{wh hlk Hf{whm dkel{dnt h fehlq `n hkkweqqdlo {je auwwel{ `yewh{d`lhb hlk ahyhad{t dqqueq" hlk

yw`~dkek eljhlaefel{q aùbk ge dfybefel{ek d{jù{ qewdùq dfyha{ {` `lo`dlo `yewh{d`lq, H wea`lndouwek AUQ

ùbk haa`ff`kh{e qdfdbhw dlawehqek ahyhad{t {wham a`llea{d`lq,

Ndouwe 43 JQW Wù{dlo . A`llea{d~d{t Ael{whb Hweh Ndouwe 893 Ael{whb Hweh Ha{d`l Ybhl Yw`y`qek [whlqd{

Qùwae3 HEA@F 7988 *ghqe yw`~dkek gt O`òbe$ Dfyw`~efel{q, Qùwae3 Ad{t `n Ajdaho`


19/40


Hq dbbuq{wh{ek dl Ndouweq 4 hlk 89" h le JQW jug hkchael{ {` AUQ" `w h wea`lndouwek AUQ ùbk yw`~dkekdwea{ haaeqq {` {je A[Hq whydk {whlqd{ le{`wm ~dh {je le l`w{j&qù{j qught ulkew Abdl{`l Q{wee{,

;,7 Ael{whb Hweh Ha{d`l Ybhl[je Ad{t `n Ajdaho`q Ael{whb Hweh Ha{d`l Ybhl ahbbq n`w dl{elqdndah{d`l `n _eq{ B``y bhlk uqe" hlk h lufgew `n

fhc`w {whlqy`w{h{d`l dfyw`~efel{q {jh{ ùbk hkkweqq fhlt `n Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`lq haaeqq leekq, Ndouwe 89

qj`q {je ywdladyhb ebefel{q `n {je ybhl" dlabukdlo h le l`w{j&qù{j qught bdle d{j h le q{h{d`l hkchael{ {`

AUQ" hl ehq{&eq{ {whlqd{ht a`llea{dlo haw`qq {je B``y {` Fdajdohl H~elue hlk {je le jdoj&kelqd{t hweh l`w{j

`n Fdbbellduf Yhwm hlk q{wee{qahye dfyw`~efel{q {` eljhlae {je yekeq{wdhl el~dw`lfel{ aw`qqdlo {je Ajdaho`

Wd~ew {` {je Ael{whb B``y qugkdq{wda{,

;,1 _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ewBàh{dlo {je b`lo&{ewf jug n`w JQW h{ h le q{h{d`l hkchael{ {` AUQ" `w wea`lndouwdlo AUQ d{qebn" dbb hkkweqq {je

ahyhad{t dqqueq yweqel{ h{ {je ezdq{dlo {ewfdlhb jdbe {hmdlo hk~hl{hoe `n hbb `n {je _eq{ B``y ybhllek

dfyw`~efel{q, H aw`qq&qea{d`lhb ~de qj`q {je nhadbd{t hq h fub{d&be~eb q{h{d`l geb` Abdl{`l Q{wee{ dl Ndouwe 88"

{jùoj d{q ub{dfh{e a`lndouwh{d`l wexudweq hkkd{d`lhb q{ukt,

Ndouwe 883 _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew

Qùwae3 HEA@F" 7988,


20/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l 8; Hywdb 7988

5,9 Qtq{ef Nhadbd{deq[je JQW le{`wm ùbk wexudwe h ael{whb a`l{w`b ael{ew {` f`ld{`w hlk fhlhoe `yewh{d`lq" {tydahbbt ke~eb`yek lehw

{je jehw{ `n {je qtq{ef, Fhdl{elhlae hlk q{`whoe nula{d`lq ùbk f`q{ bdmebt ge kd~dkek ge{eel h ael{whb jeh~t

fhdl{elhlae nhadbd{t" jdaj ùbk ge ahyhgbe `n yewn`wfdlo {je f`q{ kefhlkdlo" {dfe a`lqufdlo hlk a`q{bt weyhdwq

hlk wenuwgdqjfel{" hlk bdoj{ fhdl{elhlae hlk `~ewldoj{ ~ejdabe q{`whoe hwehq lehw {ewfdlhb q{h{d`lq bàh{ek

ebqejewe `l {je Fdkeq{ JQW le{`wm,

5,8 Jeh~t Fhdl{elhlae Nhadbd{t[je Jeh~t Fhdl{elhlae Nhadbd{t *JFN$ ùbk dlabuke h ~ejdabe q{`whoe hweh {` haa`ff`kh{e {whdl&qe{q a`fdlo dl

n`w fhdl{elhlae hq ebb hq yhwmdlo qew~daek uld{q, [je ywdladyhb ebefel{q `n {je nhadbd{t ùbk quyy`w{ {whdl hqjdlo

hlk abehldlo" jeeb {wudlowe&yw`ndbdlo hlk jeeb" gòde" {wha{d`l yèw hlk ebea{wda a`fy`lel{q dlqyea{d`l,

Qyeadhb{t qj`yq ùbk jhlkbe qyeadnda ha{d~d{deq" quaj hq ~ejdabe hqqefgbt" g`kt yhdl{dlo hlk abehldlo" yleufh{da

gwhme fhdl{elhlae hlk {eq{dlo" hlk dl{ewd`w fhdl{elhlae hlk abehldlo, H hwejùqe ùbk nhadbd{h{e {je

`wohldsh{d`l" q{`whoe hlk kdq{wdgu{d`l `n yhw{q" f`kubeq hlk a`fy`lel{q `n {whdl&qe{q" hlk fhdl{elhlae exudyfel{,

[je JFN ùbk leek {` ge ael{whbbt bàh{ek {` {je `~ewhbb qtq{ef" jh~e a`l~eldel{ haaeqq {` fhc`w u{dbd{deq hlk

w`hkhtq" hlk wexudwe {je yweqelae `n h qud{hgbe bhg`w fhwme{, H JFN {` quyy`w{ h nbee{ `n qe~ewhb julkwek ahwq

ùbk wexudwe hyyw`zdfh{ebt 859 haweq,

5,7 @~ewldoj{ Q{`whoe hlk Bdoj{ Fhdl{elhlae[je a`lndouwh{d`l" ahyhad{t hlk belo{j `n {je {whamq dl {je `~ewldoj{ q{`whoe hlk bdoj{ fhdl{elhlae nhadbd{t ùbk ge

ywdfhwdbt ghqek `l {je lufgew `n {whdl&qe{q dkel{dndek dl {je `yewh{dlo ybhl n`w {je q{hw{&uy `n khdbt qew~dae h{ ehaj

{ewfdlhb, [je fdldfuf belo{j `n {whamq hwe hqqufek {` a`ln`wf d{j h q{hlkhwk {whdl&qe{ *;99 fe{ewq$" ybuq ?&:

yewael{ {` hbb` n`w h qhne{t gunnew `l ed{jew elk `n h yhwmek {whdl hlk {` haa`ff`kh{e haaeqq ge{eel {je {whdlq n`w

fhdl{elhlae yewq`lleb, [je `~ewldoj{ q{`whoe hlk bdoj{ fhdl{elhlae nhadbd{deq ùbk ehaj wexudwe qd{eq hgù{ jhbn

{je qdse `n {je JFN" hyyw`zdfh{ebt ?5 haweq,

>,9 [wh~eb [dfeq[je dfybefel{h{d`l `n JQW ùbk weyweqel{ h kwhfh{da dfyw`~efel{ `~ew {wh~eb `l ezdq{dlo whdb qew~dae" hlk ulkew

~hwdùq qaelhwd`q whdb {wh~eb ùbk gea`fe hl dlawehqdlobt wehq`lhgbe hb{ewlh{d~e {` kwd~dlo hlk jdojbt

a`fybefel{hwt {` b`lo&jhub hlk dl{ewlh{d`lhb hdw qew~dae gt yw`~dkdlo h neekew qew~dae n`w {je @Jhwe hdwy`w{, Ndouwe

87 qj`q {je q{h{d`l&{`&q{h{d`l {wh~eb {dfeq ge{eel k`l{`l Ajdaho` hlk qe~ewhb `n {je met ad{deq hlk {ewfdlhb

fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq qew~ek gt {je yw`y`qek 779&fyj qtq{ef, [hgbe 8 yweqel{q ywdladyhb ad{deq dl ehaj `n {je nùw

a`wwdk`wq" hb`lo d{j {je kdq{hlae hlk q{h{d`l&{`&q{h{d`l {wh~eb {dfeq nw`f Ajdaho` ulkew nùw qyeek weodfeq3

Auwwel{ qajekubek Hf{whm qew~dae" jdaj {tydahbbt jhq kebhtq gudb{ dl{` {je qajekube Dfyw`~efel{q yw`y`qek gt {je F_WWD" elhgbdlo 889&fyj {`y qyeekq 859&fyj fhzdfuf qyeek a`fyhwhgbe {` {je nhq{eq{ U,Q, whdb qew~dae auwwel{bt dl `yewh{d`l 779&fyj fhzdfuf qyeek A`we Ezyweqq JQW" hq dfybefel{ek dl Euw`ye hlk Hqdh

_jdbe [hgbe 8 yweqel{q q{h{d`l&{`&q{h{d`l {wh~eb {dfeq" {je k``w&{`&k``w {wh~eb {dfeq dl [hgbe 7 hwe f`we hyyw`ywdh{en`w a`fyhwdlo whdb {wh~eb {dfeq {` `{jew f`keq, We~dedlo k``w&{`&k``w {dfeq nhadbd{h{eq a`fyhwdq`lq d{j {je hu{`

f`ke" jdaj {tydahbbt kèq l`{ jh~e h {dfe a`fy`lel{ n`w haaeqqdlo {je whdb q{h{d`l `w hdwy`w{" `w n`w ywàeqqdlo

{dfe h{ {je whdb q{h{d`l `w hdwy`w{,


21/40


Ndouwe 873 JQW Q{h{d`l&{`&Q{h{d`l [wh~eb [dfeq { Fhc`w Fdkeq{ Keq{dlh{d`lq `l h 779&FYJ Qtq{ef

[je k``w&{`&k``w {wh~eb {dfeq qj`l dl [hgbe 7 ewe eq{dfh{ek ghqek `l h {tydahb {wdy nw`f h bàh{d`l d{jdl {je

Ael{whb Guqdleqq Kdq{wda{ *AGK$ `n {je `wdodlh{dlo ad{t {` h bàh{d`l d{jdl {je AGK `n {je keq{dlh{d`l ad{t, Qdlae

hdwy`w{q hwe ù{qdke {je AGK" {je {dfe {` {wh~eb ge{eel {wdy `wdodl hlk {je hdwy`w{ hq hqqufek {` ge 19 fdlu{eq,

@le jùw hq hqqufek {` ge {je {tydahb {dfe qyel{ dl {je hdwy`w{ ywd`w {` keyhw{uwe" hbb`dlo n`w qeauwd{t qaweeldlo

hlk g`hwkdlo {je hdwybhle, [dfe dl {je hdwy`w{ `l hwwd~hb hq hqqufek {` ge 19 fdlu{eq" jdaj dlabukek {dfe {`

kdqefghwm nw`f {je hdwybhle" hbm {jwùoj {je {ewfdlhb hlk `g{hdl owùlk {whlqy`w{h{d`l, [wh~eb {dfe nw`f {je

hdwy`w{ {` {je ndlhb keq{dlh{d`l hq hqqufek {` ge 19 fdlu{eq, Dl hbb" n`w {je hdw f`ke" {je {wh~eb {dfe jdbe l`{ l&

g`hwk {je hdwybhle {`{hbq 7 jùwq hlk 19 fdlu{eq,

N`w {je whdb f`ke" {je {dfe {` {wh~eb ge{eel {je `wdodl hlk {je {whdl q{h{d`lq hq hqqufek {` ge 85 fdlu{eq" qdlae

{whdl q{h{d`lq hwe {tydahbbt bàh{ek dl {je AGK, [je {dfe dl {je whdb q{h{d`l ywd`w {` keyhw{uwe hq hqqufek {` ge 89

fdlu{eq" jdaj hbbèk n`w wehajdlo {je ybh{n`wf hlk g`hwkdlo {je {whdl, [dfe dl {je q{h{d`l `l hwwd~hb hq hqqufek

{` ge 5 fdlu{eq n`w kdqefghwmdlo {je {whdl hlk hbmdlo {jwùoj {je q{h{d`l, [wh~eb {dfe nw`f {je {whdl q{h{d`l {` {je

ndlhb keq{dlh{d`l hq hqqufek {` ge 85 fdlu{eq, Dl hbb" n`w {je whdb f`ke" {je {wh~eb {dfe jdbe l`{ `l&g`hwk {je {whdl

{`{hbq ;5 fdlu{eq,


22/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l 8> Hywdb 7988

[hgbe 83 Whdb [wh~eb [dfeq Ulkew Nùw Qyeek Weodfeq

[wh~eb {dfe nw`f Ajdaho`1*jùwq3fdlu{eq$

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L`{eq3 8 Qea`lkhwt JQW q{h{d`lq d{jdl ehaj fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh hwe l`{ bdq{ek *e,o, @Jhwe _eq{$7 Fdbehoe ghqek `l 859&fyj 779&fyj a`wwdk`w wù{dlo1 Wenbea{dlo {tydahb whdb `yewh{d`lq" ulkew jdaj {`y qyeekq hwe wehajek hb`lo `lbt y`w{d`lq `n {je wù{e; Ghqek `l l`l&ezyweqq qew~dae hlk oweh{eq{ be~eb `n dfyw`~efel{ kàufel{ek dlFdkeq{ Weod`lhb Whdb

Dld{dh{d~e Yw`cea{ L`{eg``m" Cule 799;Qùwaeq3 Hf{whm qajekube ennea{d~e Fht 89" 7989= HEA@F 7988,

[hgbe 73 [`{hb K``w&{`&K``w [wdy [wh~eb [dfeq gt F`ke *jùwq3fdlu{eq$

Whdb

A`wwdk`w Hdw Hu{Àuwwel{

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Qùwaeq3 UQ Hdwhtq egqd{e haaeqqek :8889" O`òbe Fhyq haaeqqek :8889" Hf{whm qajekube ennea{d~e Fht 89" 7989=

HEA@F 7988,

L`{e3 N`w whdb f`ke" {`{hb hkkd{d`lhb {dfe l`{ `l&g`hwk {whdl dq hqqufek {` ge ;5 fdlu{eq

[je k``w&{`&k``w {wh~eb {dfe a`fyhwdq`l yw`kuaeq nhdwbt a`lqdq{el{ wequb{q n`w hbb ad{t yhdwq, Uquhbbt" {je hu{` f`ke

dq nhq{ew {jhl {je auwwel{ Hf{whm qajekube" jè~ew" d{ gea`feq exud~hbel{ jel uyowhkdlo whdb qew~dae {` {`y qyeekq

`n 889 fyj, Whdb `yewh{dlo h{ {`y qyeekq `n 859&fyj hajde~eq yhwd{t {` hdw" hlk dq q`fe{dfeq h bd{{be nhq{ew, Whdb d{j

{`y qyeekq `n 779&fyj dq a`lqdq{el{bt nhq{ew {jhl {je hdw f`ke" {tydahbbt gt 19 {` >9 fdlu{eq,


23/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l 8? Hywdb 7988

JQW qew~dae fuq{ fh{aj {je nwexuelat `n jùwbt hdw qju{{beq hlk hyyw`haj {je `l&kefhlk a`l~eldelae `n hu{`

{wh~eb {` yw`~dke hl ennea{d~e hb{ewlh{d~e {` g`{j qj`w{&jhub Fdkeq{ weod`lhb hdw nbdoj{ hlk hu{` {wh~eb, Jùwbt

qew~dae {jwùojù{ {je kht d{j jhbn&jùwbt qew~dae kuwdlo yehm yewd`kq dq wea`ffelkek" n`w h {`{hb `n 75 khdbt

keyhw{uweq `l ehaj fhc`w wù{e, [jdq qew~dae nwexuelat dq leaeqqhwt {` fee{ {je leekq `n guqdleqq hlk a`llea{dlo hdw

{wh~eb= n`w ezhfybe" dn h fee{dlo oèq b`loew {jhl ezyea{ek" {je h~ewhoe hd{ {dfe n`w h we{uwl {whdl kuwdlo yehm

yewd`kq ùbk ge `lbt ndn{eel fdlu{eq,

[je y`{el{dhb n`w JQW {` wekuae {wh~eb {dfeq hlk qjwdlm {je kdq{hlaeq ge{eel ad{deq dq dbbuq{wh{ek dl Ndouwe 81,

Ndouwe 813 Fdkeq{ Weod`l Fhc`w Keq{dlh{d`lq Hu{` / JQW [wh~eb [dfeq dl Jùwq nw`f Ajdaho`

Hu{`f`gdbe [wh~eb [dfe JQW [wh~eb [dfe*O`òbe Fhyq$ *779&fyj {`y qyeek$

[je {wh~eb {dfe gt hu{`f`gdbe *ghqek `l O`òbe Fhyq$ dq qj`l dl {je ben{ kdhowhf hlk gt JQW *d{j h {`y qyeek

`n 779&fyj$ dl {je wdoj{ kdhowhf" j`bkdlo {je {wh~eb {dfe qahbe a`lq{hl{, [je wequb{dlo a`fyhwdq`l qj`q {jh{ {je

Fdkeq{q bhwoeq{ fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq l` qeyhwh{ek gt h kwd~e `n qe~ewhb jùwq ùbk hbb bde d{jdl h ne jùwq

`n Ajdaho` ~dh JQW,

?,9 Wdkewqjdy hlk Webh{ek We~elueqH 779&fyj JQW le{`wm dl {je Fdkeq{ jhq {je y`{el{dhb {` h{{wha{ `~ew ;1 fdbbd`l hlluhb wdkewq" oelewh{dlo f`we

{jhl +7,7 gdbbd`l dl we~elue, Gt a`fyhwdq`l" {je 889&fyj" {je F_WWD le{`wm hq eq{dfh{ek {` h{{wha{ lehwbt 87

fdbbd`l yhqqeloewq dl {je nùw q{ukt a`wwdk`wq hlk oelewh{e cuq{ ulkew +9,5 gdbbd`l dl we~elue, H 859&fyj le{`wm

ùbk h{{wha{ 15 fdbbd`l wdkewq hlk oelewh{e `~ew +8,? fdbbd`l dl we~elueq,

[hgbe 1 quffhwdseq {je 7975 wdkewqjdy n`weahq{ek gt {je F_WWD n`w ehaj `n {je nùw ahlkdkh{e a`wwdk`wq" hq ebb hq

le eq{dfh{eq n`w 859&fyj hlk 779&fyj qew~daeq dl 7919, [je ezyea{ek hlluhb we~elue n`w ehaj a`wwdk`w" hlk

ulkew ehaj qaelhwd`" dq hbq` yweqel{ek, _d{j dfybefel{h{d`l `n 779&fyj qew~dae" {je Ajdaho` {` Fdllehy`bdqQ{,

Yhub a`wwdk`w ùbk ge ezyea{ek {` jh~e {je oweh{eq{ wdkewqjdy h{ lehwbt 8> fdbbd`l n`bbèk gt {je


24/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l 8: Hywdb 7988

Ke{w`d{Abe~ebhlk a`wwdk`w d{j `~ew 87 fdbbd`l hlk {je Q{, Bùdq hlk Adladllh{d a`wwdk`wq ùbk ehaj h{{wha{

ge{eel ? hlk : fdbbd`l wdkewq hlluhbbt, [je qhfe `wkew ùbk ge ezyea{ek od~el 859&fyj qew~dae, [je F_WWD

n`weahq{q yw`y`w{d`lh{ebt jdojew wdkewqjdy dl {je Ke{w`d{Abe~ebhlk hlk Q{, Bùdq a`wwdk`wq" gu{ {jdq wenbea{q hl

ezyhlkek be~eb `n qew~dae {` {jeqe ad{deq,

We~elue eq{dfh{eq n`w {je 859& hlk 779&fyj qew~dae hqqufe nhweq ?5&899 yewael{ jdojew {jhl ezdq{dlo Hf{whm nhweq"

a`lqdq{el{ d{j ywd`w JQW q{ukdeq a`lkua{ek dl {je Fdkeq{, [wh~eb `lbt ge{eel fhc`w fe{w` hwehq dq hqqufek=geahuqe {je yw`y`qek le{`wm dlabukeq fub{dybe q{h{d`lq dl {je Ajdaho`" Fdbhumee" Fdllehy`bdqQ{, Yhub hlk

Abe~ebhlk fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq" hkkd{d`lhb dl{wh&fe{w` hweh wdkewqjdy ùbk ge ezyea{ek" fhdlbt n`w k`l{`l {`

hdwy`w{ haaeqq, Auwwel{bt" hgù{ ? fdbbd`l hlluhb hdw {wh~ebewq a`llea{ {jwùoj Ajdaho` el wù{e {` {jedw ub{dfh{e

keq{dlh{d`lq,

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nw`f qj`w{&jhub nbdoj{q {` JQW, Dlawehqdlo wdkewqjdy `l {je JQW le{`wm yw`~dkeq hdwbdleq d{j hkkd{d`lhb ahyhad{t

n`w f`we enndadel{ hlk yw`nd{hgbe b`lo&jhub nbdoj{q, JQW qew~dae ge{eel ehaj `n {je ad{deq qew~ek gt {je nùw

Ajdaho`&ghqek bdleq hbq` yw`~dkeq {je y`{el{dhb n`w h f`we enndadel{" nwexuel{ hlk beqq ahwg`l&dl{elqe n`wf `n yugbda

{whlqy`w{ {jhl qj`w{&jhub hdw qew~dae, JQW dq dkehbbt qud{ek n`w yw`~dkdlo hl hb{ewlh{d~e {` hu{` {wh~eb n`w fekduf

kdq{hlae dl{ewad{t {wdyq `n hgù{ 1 jùwq `w beqq" hlk ùbk hbq` yw`~dke h ~ewt ennea{d~e n`wf `n owùlk haaeqq

a`llea{dlo fekduf qdse ad{deq yweqel{bt l`{ qew~ek ebb gt hdwy`w{q n`w b`loew kdq{hlae" {whlqa`l{dlel{hb hlkdl{ewlh{d`lhb hdw nbdoj{q, _jel yw`yewbt keqdolek hlk `yewh{ek" hq keqawdgek hg`~e" JQW ahl yw`~dke h qew~dae {jh{

a`fybefel{q b`lo&jhub hlk dl{ewlh{d`lhb hdw qew~dae gt yw`~dkdlo neekew qew~dae {jewegt wekuadlo {je

el~dw`lfel{hb ennea{q `n qj`w{&jhub" weod`lhb hdw qew~daeq hlk yw`~dkdlo a`fyhwhgbe hdwy`w{ haaeqq {dfe hlk f`we

webdhgbe tehw&wùlk a`llea{dlo qew~dae, [jdq jhq yw`~el {` ge hl ennea{d~e q{wh{eot dl g`{j {je Uld{ek Q{h{eq *{je

L`w{jehq{ A`wwdk`w$ hlk dl Euw`ye,

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Qùwaeq3Fdkeq{ Weod`lhb Whdb Dld{dh{d~e Yw`cea{ L`{eg``m" Cule 799;= HEA@F 7988,


25/40


:,9 Ea`l`fda Dfyha{q hlk @{jew Gelend{q[je ea`l`ft `n {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh *kendlek hq {je nùw{eel&aùl{wt fe{w` hweh {jh{ wehajeq dl{`

_dqa`lqdl hlk Dlkdhlh$ dlabukeq h a`lq`bdkh{ek fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh {jh{ dq j`fe {` 4,> fdbbd`l ye`ybe, JQW qew~dae

bdlmdlo Ajdaho` {` qe~el `n {je bhwoeq{ fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq dl {je Fdkeq{" hq ebb hq qe~ewhb dfy`w{hl{ dl{ewfekdh{e

fhc`w ad{deq" dbb yw`~dke qdoldndahl{ y`qd{d~e ea`l`fda dfyha{q dl c`gq" guqdleqq qhbeq" hoeq hlk Ow`qq Weod`lhb

Yw`kua{ *OWY$ n`w {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh jewe a`llea{d`lq {` a`ffu{ew" {whlqd{ hlk guq hwe yw`~dkek,

8

[jeqe ea`l`fda dfyha{q ewe eq{dfh{ek n`w 7919 uqdlo wdkewqjdy hlk q{h{d`l&hweh ke~eb`yfel{ y`{el{dhb yw`~dkek dl

{jdq wey`w{ hlk dq ghqek `l jdojbt dl{eowh{ek abàm&nhae qew~dae be~ebq uqek dl {jdq hlhbtqdq,

[jeqe ea`l`fda dfyha{q hwe a`lqew~h{d~e dl {jh{ {jet ulkewq{h{e {je nubb ennea{q `n dl{w`kuadlo JQW qtq{efq dl {je

Fdkeq{, [` dfy`w{hl{ y`dl{q qjùbk ge efyjhqdsek, Ndwq{" {je ea`l`fda dfyha{q jh~e geel eq{dfh{ek `lbt n`w

{je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh, Ehaj `n {je `{jew ad{deq qew~ek gt {je JQW qtq{ef dbb ~ewt bdmebt qee le c`gq"

oweh{ew ow`{j dl guqdleqq we~elueq hlk h f`we kd~ewqe ea`l`fda ghqe hq h wequb{ `n dlawehqek a`llea{d~d{t d{j {je

weq{ `n {je Fdkeq{ weod`l, [jeqe ea`l`fda dfyha{q ahl `lbt ge hqqeqqek gt ezhfdldlo {je q{wua{uwe `n {je

ea`l`fdeq `n ehaj fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh hlk e~hbuh{dlo {je haaeqq yw`~dkek gt {whlqd{ hlk a`ffu{ew whdb a`llea{d`lq"

yw`y`qek bhlk uqe ybhlq hlk ea`l`fda ke~eb`yfel{ dld{dh{d~eq {jh{ dbb ge hk`y{ek {` quyy`w{ JQW qtq{efq dl ehaj

weod`l, Qea`lk" {jeqe dfyha{q weyweqel{ cuq{ {je b`lo&{ewf ea`l`fda ke~eb`yfel{ n w Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh,

[jet k` l`{ dlabuke {je qj`w{&{ewf whdb a`lq{wua{d`l hlk b`lo&{ewf `yewh{d`l hlk fhdl{elhlae c`gq, L`w k` {jet

haaùl{ n`w c`gq aweh{ek dl `{jew yhw{q `n {je Fdkeq{ gt quyybtdlo fh{ewdhbq hlk exudyfel{ kuwdlo {je gudbkdlo `n{je bdleq, Q{ukdeq leekek {` yw`~dke {jeqe ke{hdbek hqqeqqfel{q wexudwe f`we hk~hlaek elodleewdlo hlk keqdol

`n {je wù{eq" ybhlq n`w {je yjhqdlo `n a`lq{wua{d`l hlk {dfe nwhfeq n`w yu{{dlo ehaj qeofel{ `n {je JQW

qtq{ef dl{` `yewh{d`l,

JQW dbb hnnea{ {je weod`lhb ea`l`ft dl jdaj {jeqe ye`ybe `wm" bd~e hlk weaweh{e dl qe~ewhb dfy`w{hl{ hlk

fehquwhgbe htq, [je ea`l`fda ennea{q h{{wdgu{hgbe {` JQW qtq{efq hwe ke{ewfdlek gt f`we {jhl cuq{ {wh~eb {dfe

qh~dloq, Dlawehqek {wh~eb `yy`w{uld{deq n`w jùqej`bkq hlk guqdleqqeq" jdojew be~ebq `n guqdleqq yw`kua{d~d{t" hlk

ge{{ew haaeqq {` c`gq *n`w g`{j efyb`teeq hlk efyb`tewq$" `{jew guqdleqqeq hlk efewodlo {eajl`bòt" ekuah{d`lhb"

jehb{j ahwe hlk ndlhlae dlkuq{wdeq hbb yw`kuae jdojew we{uwlq {` guqdleqqeq hlk jùqej`bkq n`w ehaj k`bbhw qyel{ `l

{whlqy`w{h{d`l&webh{ek {wh~eb, [jdq dq {wue e~el n`w {j`qe j` k`l{ uqe JQW" geahuqe ye`ybe kd~ew{ek {` {whdlq"

a`ffu{ew bdleq hlk {whlqd{ nwee uy ahyhad{t `l {je weod`lq jdojhtq hlk h{ {je weod`lq hdwy`w{q,

JQW qew~dae ahl gw`hkel weod`lhb bhg`w fhwme{q, Ezyhlkdlo {je kdq{hlaeq {jh{ ye`ybe ahl {wh~eb dl h{`& {` {jwee&jùw {wdy yw`~dkeq guqdleqqeq d{j haaeqq {` f`we `wmewq d{j qyeadhbdsek qmdbbq" jdbe

qmdbbek `wmewq ahl haaeqq efyb`tewq d{j f`we qyeadhbdsek leekq, [jeqe ezyhlkek fhwme{q `nnew

dfy`w{hl{ le `yy`w{uld{deq" eqyeadhbbt dl hl ewh `n nbezdgbe `wm qajekubeq jewe khdbt a`ffu{eq hwe l`{

wexudwek,

Jdoj qyeek whdb qew~dae ahl quyy`w{ {je ow`{j `n {eajl`bòt abuq{ewq, Jdoj qyeek whdb qew~dae hbq`yw`~dkeq uldxue `yy`w{uld{deq {` quyy`w{ {je ke~eb`yfel{ `n {eajl`bòt abuq{ewq gt eljhlaek kht&{wdy bdlmq

ge{eel weqehwaj hlk ke~eb`yfel{ ael{ewq" uld~ewqd{t weqehwaj ael{ewq hlk qd{eq jewe hk~hlaek yw`kua{q

hwe yw`kuaek, Dl Ajdaho`" jdoj qyeek {whdlq dbb eljhlae bdlmhoeq ge{eel bàhb weqehwaj ael{ewq *nàuqdlo

`l elewot" yjtqdaq hlk gd`{eajl`bòt$ hlk `{jew {eajl`bòt W.K ael{ewq dl Fhkdq`l" AjhfyhdolUwghlh

hlk Ye`wdh, F`q{ dfy`w{hl{" JQW qew~dae dbb bdlm Ajdaho`q ob`ghb guqdleqq hlk ndlhladhb qew~daeq {` ehaj

`n {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq a`llea{ek gt JQW qew~dae,

JQW qew~dae ahl jeby kwd~e jdojew&kelqd{t" fdzek&uqe ke~eb`yfel{ h{ {whdl q{h{d`lq, Dl Ajdaho`" {jeAel{whb Hweh Ha{d`l Ybhl ahbbq n`w ke~eb`yfel{ `n le `nndae ke~eb`yfel{ elhgbek gt h a``wkdlh{ek

q{wh{eot `n bàhb {whlqd{" JQW hlk hdwy`w{ ezyweqq a`llea{`wq,

8 OWY dq exuhb {` {je ~hbue hkkek gt hbb guqdleqq hlk dlkuq{wdeq dl h weod`l, D{ dq {je kdnnewelae ge{eel ndlhbguqdleqq qhbeq *yw`kua{d`l$ dl h weod`l hlk ~hbue `n hbb dl{ewfekdh{e o``kq hlk qew~daeq *dlyu{q$ a`lqufek gtguqdleqqeq dl aweh{dlo {jeqe ndlhb qhbeq,


26/40


JQW qew~dae hbq` ezyhlkq ~dqd{`w fhwme{q hlk oelewh{eq hkkd{d`lhb ~dqd{`w qyelkdlo, H y`w{d`l `n {jeqe~dqd{`wq hwe bàhb weqdkel{q {wh~ebdlo {` ù{qdke bàh{d`lq, Hl`{jew y`w{d`l hwe ù{qdkewq j` hbwehkt a`fe {`

Ajdaho` ~dh `{jew f`keq *ahw `w hdwybhle$ gu{ dbb qjdn{ {` uqe `n le jdoj qyeek {whdlq, H wefhdldlo

y`w{d`l weyweqel{q le {ùwdqf" a`lnewelae hlk guqdleqq {wdyq {` {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh, [jeqe

{wh~ebewq dbb oelewh{e le qyelkdlo h{ bàhb j`{ebq" weq{huwhl{q hlk we{hdb q{`weq,

[jeqe ennea{q hwe {tydahbbt a`lael{wh{ek lehw q{h{d`lq bàh{ek dl k`l{`l `w `{jew uwghl guqdleqq kdq{wda{q,

Jè~ew" n`w bhwoe fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq" bdme Ajdaho`" {jeqe dfyha{q hbq` {elk {` ge kdq{wdgu{ek `~ew {je el{dwe

fe{w`y`bd{hl weod`l {jwùoj {je haaeqq yw`~dkek gt quyy`w{dlo {whlqy`w{h{d`l dlnwhq{wua{uwe quaj hq a`ffu{ew whdb"

{whlqd{ hlk e~el {je hu{`f`gdbe, JQW qew~dae {` @Jhwe hdwy`w{ dbb hbq` quyy`w{ oweh{ew dl{ewa`llea{d`lq ge{eel

{je Fdkeq{q bhwoeq{ dl{ewlh{d`lhb hdwy`w{ hlk ehaj `n {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq qew~ek gt {je JQW qtq{ef hlk d{q

neekew qew~daeq, [jdq dq eqyeadhbbt dfy`w{hl{ n`w {j`qe qfhbbew hlk fdk&qdsek ad{deq {jh{ auwwel{bt jh~e dlnwexuel{ `w

l` kdwea{ hdw yhqqeloew qew~dae {` @Jhwe,

[jewe hwe h lufgew `n feajhldqfq {jwùoj jdaj JQW qew~dae yw`kuaeq y`qd{d~e ea`l`fda dfyha{q, JQW

qew~dae ahl dlawehqe guqdleqq yw`kua{d~d{t {jwùoj {wh~eb&enndadelat ohdlq, [wh~eb enndadelat ahl a`fe nw`f nùw

qùwaeq3 *8$ {dfe hlk a`q{ qh~dloq dl {wh~eb {dfe n`w {j`qe j` ahl l` uqe JQW qew~dae" *7$ {dfe hlk a`q{ qh~dloq

n`w ahw hlk {wuam {wh~ebewq j` gelend{ nw`f wekuaek w`hk a`loeq{d`l" *1$ {dfe hlk a`q{ qh~dloq n`w hdwy`w{ uqewq j`

gelend{ nw`f wekuaek hdw kebhtq kue {` a`loeq{d`l h{ hdwy`w{q hlk {jedw haaeqq wù{eq" hlk *;$ hkkd{d`lhb gelend{q n`w{wh~ebewq d{jù{ ahw haaeqq j` hwe l` hgbe {` {wh~eb {` ybhaeq {jh{ ewe ywe~dùqbt ulh~hdbhgbe `y{d`lq n`w {jef,

Hbb nùw hwe a`lqdkewek gelend{q {` qàde{t, Jè~ew" {jet dbb hnnea{ dla`fe oelewh{ek dl {je ea`l`ft `lbt dn {jet

{whlqbh{e dl{` yw`kua{d~d{t ohdlq {jwùoj a`q{&qh~dloq `w ù{yu{ dlawehqeq n`w guqdleqqeq,

[jdq wey`w{ hbq` jdojbdoj{q `{jew l`l&ea`l`fda gelend{q {jh{ hwe kdnndaub{ {` xuhl{dnt" gu{ {jh{ dbb a`l{wdgu{e {` {je

`~ewhbb quq{hdlhgdbd{t" keqdwhgdbd{t hlk xuhbd{t `n bdne dl {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl weod`l,

:,8 Ea`l`fda Dfyha{q

Dl {jdq q{ukt" e jh~e ezhfdlek `lbt {j`qe ea`l`fda dfyha{q n`w Ajdaho` {jh{ hwe h{{wdgu{hgbe {` Ajdaho`&ghqek

{wdyq *{wh~eb {` `w nw`f {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh$ hlk {je ennea{q {jh{ {je aweh{d`l `n le c`gq hlk le qyelkdlo jh~e `l

{je weod`lq ea`l`ft, [jewen`we" {je wdkewqjdy eq{dfh{eq" yweqel{ek dl qea{d`l ?" hlk {je nha{`wq hnnea{dlo {jeqe

eq{dfh{eq jh~e hl dfy`w{hl{ dlnbuelae `l {je `~ewhbb dfyha{q `n JQW `l {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq ea`l`ft,

[je `~ewhbb ea`l`fda dfyha{ `n ybhllek jdoj qyeek whdb qew~dae dq kendlek hq {je dfyha{ `l ea`l`fda ow`{j h{ {je

fe{w`y`bd{hl be~eb, [jeqe dfyha{q hwe ahbaubh{ek {` wenbea{ {je le{ {`{hb dfyha{ `n ajhloeq dl yw`kua{d~d{t" ~dqd{`wq"

bhg`w fhwme{q hlk `{jew guqdleqq" hlk weqehwaj hlk {eajl`bòt a`llea{d`lq elhgbek gt jdoj qyeek qew~dae, [jeqe

ea`l`fda dfyha{q weyweqel{ hkkd{d`lhb ea`l`fda ha{d~d{t àauwwdlo bàhbbt {jh{ ùbk l`{ jh~e àauwwek d{jù{

jdoj qyeek whdb qew~dae, Jdoj qyeek {whdlq dbb jh~e g`{j {efy`whwt dfyha{q kuwdlo {je a`lq{wua{d`l yewd`k hlk

yewfhlel{ dfyha{q hn{ew qew~dae a`ffelaeq, [je hlhbtqdq qj`l jewe ezhfdlek `lbt yewfhlel{ dfyha{q" jdaj

dbb owhkuhbbt gudbk hq y`yubh{d`l" {wh~eb kefhlk hlk qew~dae yewn`wfhlae be~ebq hbb dlawehqe `~ew {dfe,

[hgbe ; kef`lq{wh{eq {je {`{hb ea`l`fda dfyha{q n`w {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh" jdaj dlabuke {je dlkdwea{ hlk

dlkuaek *ea`l`fda fub{dybdew$ ennea{q, N`w {je 779&fyj qaelhwd`" hyyw`zdfh{ebt 78,7 fdbbd`l ù{ `n {je ;1,> fdbbd`l

{`{hb eq{dfh{ek *`le&ht$ wdkewq hwe dl~`b~ek dl h {wdy {` `w nw`f Ajdaho`, N`w {je 859&fyj qew~dae qaelhwd`" 8>,?fdbbd`l `n {je lehwbt 15,8 fdbbd`l hlluhb wdkewq hwe Ajdaho`&ghqek,


27/40


[hgbe ;, Eq{dfh{ek Hlluhb [`{hb Ea`l`fda Dfyha{q `n Ajdaho`&ghqek JQW Qew~dae dl 7919

Fehquwe Uld{859&fyj

Qew~dae

779&fyj

Qew~dae

7919 Efyb`tfel{ C`gq 5:"9;4 891">89

7919 @u{yu{ *guqdleqq qhbeq$ +gdbbd`l yew tehw +?,> +81,:

7919 ^hbue&Hkkek *OWY$ +gdbbd`l yew tehw +;,1 +?,:

7919 _hoeq +gdbbd`l yew tehw +1,9 +5,5

Qùwae3 EKW Owùy" Dla, [WEKDQ f`keb hlhbtqdq,

[je fhc`wd{t *hyyw`zdfh{ebt >7,4 yewael{$ `n {je le c`gq hqqàdh{ek d{j 779&fyj JQW qew~dae hwe h{{wdgu{hgbe {`

{je dfyw`~ek fhwme{ haaeqq {jh{ JQW yw`~dkeq {` ezdq{dlo ndwfq dl {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh" hq ebb hq le ndwfq {jh{

ùbk ge h{{wha{ek hq h wequb{ `n {je JQW `y{d`l, [wh~eb {dfe hlk a`q{ qh~dloq n`w {je Ajdaho`&ghqek wdkewqjdy `l h

779&fyj qtq{ef haaùl{q n`w hyyw`zdfh{ebt 7?,8 yewael{ `n {je {`{hb le c`gq,

Dl A``m Aùl{t" a`ffewadhb ke~eb`yfel{ webh{ek {` {je {jwee yw`y`qek q{h{d`l hwehq dq ezyea{ek {` quyy`w{ 8:"599

yw`neqqd`lhb hlk qew~dae c`gq n`w {je 779&fyj qew~dae hlk :"499 c`gq n`w {je 859&fyj qew~dae, [jeqe eq{dfh{eq hwe

ghqek `l dfyw`~ek fhwme{ haaeqq ennea{q hlk {jedw ennea{q `l ke~eb`yfel{ y`{el{dhb hqqàdh{ek d{j {je yw`yew{deqquwwùlkdlo ehaj `n {je q{h{d`l hwehq *dlabukdlo {je Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l Ael{whb Hweh Ybhl$,

[je ea`l`fda dfyha{q h{{wdgu{hgbe {` le ~dqd{`wq wequb{ dl ge{eel +89?,1 fdbbd`l hlk +85?,: fdbbd`l dl qyelkdlo

nw`f {je wdkewq `l 859&fyj hlk 779&fyj qew~daeq" weqyea{d~ebt, [jeqe hwe ~dqd{`wq j` ùbk l`{ `{jewdqe jh~e

{wh~ebek {` {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh,7 Hl eq{dfh{ek +877,5 fdbbd`l {` +85>,1 fdbbd`l dbb ge qyel{ gt ~dqd{`wq j`

ùbk jh~e {wh~ebek {` `{jew bàh{d`lq dl {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh" gu{ l` yhqq {jwùoj `w hwe efyb`tek lehw {je

yw`y`qek JQW q{h{d`lq, A`fgdlek ~dqd{`w qyelkdlo `n +774,: fdbbd`l {` +18;,8 fdbbd`l n`w g`{j guqdleqq hlk bedquwe

{wh~eb quyy`w{q hyyw`zdfh{ebt ;";89 {` >"999 c`gq dl k`l{`l Ajdaho` hlk {je {jwee fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh JQW q{h{d`l

hwehq" dlabuqd~e `n fub{dybdew ennea{q,

:,7 @{jew Ea`l`fda Dfyha{q hlk Wehq`lq n`w Gudbkdlo JQW

Hqdke nw`f qyeek" JQW qew~dae jhq h lufgew `n `{jew h{{wdgu{eq {jh{ fhme d{ h{{wha{d~e {` auq{`fewq hlk fhme d{ hq{w`lo a`l{wdgu{`w {` {je `~ewhbb {whlqy`w{h{d`l qtq{ef, JQW qtq{efq hwe ezaey{d`lhbbt keyelkhgbe, [whdlq wul jel

qajekubek" hlk {jewe hwe oelewhbbt l` kebhtq, Ulbdme hdw hlk hu{` f`keq {jh{ ahl ge qugcea{ {` eh{jew kebhtq" jdoj&

qyeek {whdlq `yewh{e webdhgbt dl hbb eh{jew a`lkd{d`lq, A`loeq{d`l dq l`{ h yw`gbef" qdlae {je {whdlq wul `l {jedw `l

{whamq, [jdq fehlq {jh{ {wh~eb {dfeq hwe f`we ywekda{hgbe ~dh whdb" jewe hu{` `w hdw {wh~eb dq nwexuel{bt qugcea{ {`

ulezyea{ek kebhtq, Hq h wequb{" whdb {wh~ebewq ahl ybhl {jedw {wdyq gt {je qajekube" a`lndkel{ {jh{ {jet k` l`{ leek {`

dlabuke ez{wh {dfe,

Hq l`{ek hg`~e" {je qj`w{&{ewf ea`l`fda dfyha{q `n a`lq{wua{d`l" hlk {je weod`l&dke ea`l`fda a`lqexuelaeq `n

quyybtdlo fh{ewdhbq" exudyfel{ hlk bhg`w {` `yewh{e" fhdl{hdl hlk quyybt exudyfel{ *whdb ahwq" qdolhbdsh{d`l hlk

b`lo&{ewf fhdl{elhlae `n {je {whamq hlk wdoj{&`n&ht$ jh~e l`{ geel dlabukek dl {jdq hlhbtqdq, Yjhqdlo `n

a`lq{wua{d`l" {je hfùl{ `n fh{ewdhbq" bhg`w hlk exudyfel{ {` ge quyybdek `~ew {dfe" hlk {je qyeadnda `yewh{dlo

wexudwefel{q `n ehaj JQW a`wwdk`w leek {` ge ge{{ew ke{ewfdlek gen`we {jeqe mdlkq `n hqqeqqfel{q ahl ge

a`fybe{ek, Jè~ew" ehaj `n {jeqe ennea{q hlk {je gelend{q {jh{ {jet dbb gwdlo {` jùqej`bkq *{jwùoj dlawehqek

efyb`tfel{ `yy`w{uld{deq$ hlk guqdleqqeq *{jwùoj dlawehqek qhbeq$ dbb hkk qdoldndahl{bt {` {je `~ewhbb ea`l`fda

gelend{q yw`~dkek gt a`lq{wua{dlo {je yw`y`qek JQW qtq{efq,

7 Eq{dfh{eq hwe kewd~ek nw`f dlkuaek wdkewqjdy weyweqel{dlo ?,8% *859 fyj$ {` :,?% *779 fyj$ `n {je {`{hb wdkewqjdyeq{dfh{e, Le qyelkdlo haaùl{q n`w {je kdnnewelaeq ge{eel guqdleqq hlk bedquwe {wh~ebewq hlk dq ghqek `l {jeweael{ qyelkdlo yh{{ewlq n`w {jeqe {` owùyq,


28/40


@lae {je whdb qtq{ef dq dlq{hbbek" ahyhad{t ahl ge dlawehqek gt hkkdlo ahwq {` qyeadnda {whdlq `w gt hkkdlo f`we

nwexuel{ {whdl keyhw{uweq, [jùoj {jdq q{ukt jhq hqqufek jhbn&jùwbt yehm&jùw jehkhtq" jdoj&qyeek {whdlq ahl

`yewh{e h{ ab`qew dl{ew~hbq {` yw`~dke hkkd{d`lhb ahyhad{t `w {` haa`ff`kh{e b`lo&{ewf wdkewqjdy ow`{j, [` fhdl{hdl

jdojew ahyhad{deq `~ew h b`loew yewd`k" ~ejdabeq dbb leek {` ge hkkek {` {je nbee{" gu{ ezyhlqd`l ùbk l`{

leaeqqhwdbt wexudwe hlt ajhloe {` {je {whamq `w q{h{d`lq,

Yhqqeloewq hwe hgbe {` hbm hwùlk hlk jh~e w``f {` `wm jdbe `l g`hwk {je {whdl, [jdq dq h qdoldndahl{ gelend{ n`wguqdleqq {wh~ebewq" hlk ajhloeq {jedw yewaey{d`l `n {wh~eb {dfe hq ebb hq {jedw yw`kua{d~d{t jdbe {wh~ebdlo, Dlq{ehk `n

gedlo hq{ek {dfe" {wh~eb ahl ge h yw`kua{d~e yhw{ `n {je guqdleqq {wh~ebewq kht,

JQW gelend{q l`l&{wh~ebewq hq ebb, Qdlae d{ dq yèwek ebea{wdahbbt" d{ jhq {je y`{el{dhb {` ge ahwg`l leu{whb"

keyelkdlo `l {je ub{dfh{e ebea{wdad{t qùwae, A`fyhwek {` nweehtq hlk hdwy`w{q" JQW nd{q dl h webh{d~ebt qfhbb

n``{ywdl{" hlk ahl ge dl{eowh{ek dl{` kelqe uwghl hwehq d{jù{ kdqwuy{dlo hbmhgdbd{t, JQW q{h{d`lq elaùwhoe

a`fyha{" jdoj&kelqd{t ke~eb`yfel{" jdaj fhme f`we enndadel{ uqe `n dlnwhq{wua{uwe hlk elewot,

4,9 Ahyd{hb A`q{N`w A`we Ezyweqq JQW le{`wm dl {je nùw a`wwdk`wq keqawdgek dl {jdq q{ukt" hl `wkew&`n&fhold{uke eq{dfh{e `n

ahyd{hb a`q{q h{ h ywebdfdlhwt ybhlldlo be~eb jh~e geel hqqefgbek, H quffhwt `n {je ahyd{hb dl~eq{fel{ gt a`wwdk`w

dq yw`~dkek dl [hgbe 5, @l h bdfd{ek ghqdq dl a`lq{whdlek uwghl hwehq" ezdq{dlo {whamq fht ge uyowhkek n`w JQW uqe"

gu{ {je `~ewjebfdlo fhc`wd{t `n {je JQW le{`wm ùbk wexudwe le {whamht hlk q{wua{uweq {` haa`ff`kh{e

oweh{ew nwexuelat hlk qyeek `n qew~dae, N`w h le{`wm quyy`w{dlo 779&fyj qyeekq hlk oweh{ew" +:; gdbbd`l *7989

k`bbhwq$ dl ahyd{hb a`q{q hwe eq{dfh{ek" d{j uld{ a`q{q ghqek `l weael{ U,Q, JQW hlk ebea{wdndek whdb ybhlldlo q{ukdeq,

A`lq{wua{dlo h 859&fyj qtq{ef ùbk a`q{ lehwbt hq fuaj hq h 779&fyj qtq{ef, Le {whamht hlk q{wua{uweq

hb`lo lehwbt {je el{dwe le{`wm ùbk ge wexudwek {` quyy`w{ ed{jew 779& `w 859&fyj qyeekq" gu{ beqq q{wdloel{

hbdolfel{ awd{ewdh" bèw {wha{d`l yèw kefhlk hlk wekuaek {wham keqdol wexudwefel{q ùbk hbb` q`fe a`q{

wekua{d`lq {` ge wehbdsek n`w {je 859&fyj qtq{ef, _d{j {jeqe kdqaùl{q a`lqdkewek" +?5 gdbbd`l *7989 k`bbhwq$ dl

ahyd{hb a`q{q hwe eq{dfh{ek n`w h 859&fyj le{`wm, [je fhwodlhbbt jdojew a`q{q n`w h 779&fyj le{`wm *88,4%$

ùbk ge `nnqe{ gt qdoldndahl{bt jdojew wdkewqjdy *7;,5%$ hlk e~el oweh{ew hlluhb we~elueq *74,1%$,

[hgbe 53 Dlnwhq{wua{uwe Ahyd{hb A`q{ Quffhwt

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L`{eq38 Ndouweq dlabuke wù{e `~ewbhy nw`f _eq{ B``y {` Owhlk Aw`qqdlo7 Ndouweq dlabuke wù{e `~ewbhy nw`f _eq{ B``y {` Ohwt1 [`{hbq ezabuke wù{e `~ewbhy

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D{ dq dfy`w{hl{ {` a`lqdkew {jh{ ~ewt bhwoe dl~eq{fel{q dl hdwy`w{q hlk nweehtq ùbk ge leekek {` haa`ff`kh{e hbb

`n {jdq {wh~eb gt hdw `w hu{`, Dl eqqelae" {je wehq`l {` gudbk {je jdojew qyeek whdb le{`wm dq {` h~`dk {je leek n`w ~ewt


29/40


bhwoe ezyelkd{uweq dl f`keq {jh{ hbwehkt jh~e kef`lq{wh{ek {jh{ {jet hwe h{ `w lehw {je yjtqdahb bdfd{q leekek {`

ezyhlk {jedw ahyhad{t, Ulbdme JQW" {jewe hwe l` a`fyhwhgbe a`q{q h~hdbhgbe n`w ed{jew `n {jeqe f`keq {jh{ yw`~dke

hl exud~hbel{ be~eb `n qew~dae `w yw`~dke {je mdlk `n haaeqqdgdbd{t {` h whloe `n ad{deq hlk fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq {jh{ hwe

a`fyhwhgbe {` JQW, F`we`~ew" e hbwehkt ml` {jh{ g`{j hdw hlk hu{` f`keq gedlo jdojbt keyelkel{ `l n`qqdb

nuebq" uqe {je dlawehqdlobt a`q{bt elewot weqùwaeq dlenndadel{bt" hlk oelewh{e el`wfùq xuhl{d{deq `n oweeljùqe

ohqqeq, Aùybdlo {je elewot enndadeladeq d{j bhlk uqe gelend{q" JQW `y{d`lq yw`~dke {je nùlkh{d`lq n`w h fhc`w

quq{hdlhgdbd{t q{wh{eot {jh{ ahl ge nulkek gt qjdn{dlo {je o`~ewlfel{ dl~eq{fel{q dl {whlqy`w{h{d`l l`le `n jdajjh~e h kdwea{ yht gham {` {je o`~ewlfel{" hlk hbb `n jdaj jeby quyy`w{ {je ywd~h{e qea{`w ea`l`ft,

D{ qjùbk ge wed{ewh{ek {jh{ ke~eb`yfel{ `n h JQW le{`wm dbb yw`kuae qdoldndahl{ le we~elueq hlk c`gq" jdaj

dbb yewfhlel{bt a`l{wdgu{e {` {je {hz ghqe `n {jeqe a`ffuld{deq, [je yw`y`qek 779&fyj JQW qtq{ef dbb yw`kuae

+81,: gdbbd`l dl le guqdleqq qhbeq e~ewt tehw hlk 89;"999 yewfhlel{ le c`gq jel d{ dq dl nubb `yewh{d`l, @~ew

{je 19&tehw `yewh{dlo bdne `n {je dld{dhb qtq{ef dl~eq{fel{q" {je {`{hb ~hbue `n guqdleqq qhbeq hlk hoeq kewd~ek nw`f

{je le c`gq dbb ge {je exud~hbel{ `n +745,4 gdbbd`l dl qhbeq hlk +88?,4 gdbbd`l dl hoeq, [jeqe le c`gq hlk

guqdleqq `yy`w{uld{deq dbb quyy`w{ hlk eljhlae {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq ob`ghb a`fye{d{d~eleqq hlk jeby

Ajdaho`bhlk fhdl{hdl d{q yweefdlelae hq h ob`ghb ael{ew `n guqdleqq" ndlhlae" {eajl`bòt hlk ekuah{d`l,

89,9 Yjhqdlo[je n`bb`dlo ùbk ge {je met q{eyq {` dlawefel{hbbt ke~eb`y h Fdkeq{ JQW qtq{ef3

Lehw [ewf

Dfybefel{ dfyw`~efel{q {` weq`b~e whdbwhdb g`{{beleamq d{jdl {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh Dfybefel{ ?449889&fyj qew~daeq dkel{dndek dl {je F_WWD Weq`b~e {wham ahyhad{t dqqueq hnnea{dlo haaeqq {` Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l *AUQ$ hlk hkkweqq ahyhad{t leekq

h{ AUQ {` haa`ff`kh{e F_WWD {whnnda be~ebq d{j hl{dadyh{ek ow`{j dl Fe{wh {whnnda

Dl{ewfekdh{e [ewf

Ke{ewfdle hlk ybhl n`w hkkd{d`lhb kekdah{ek JQW {whamhoe ahyhgbe `n uy {` 875&fyj Weod`lhb JQW qew~daehb`lo dkel{dndek haaeqq wù{eq yhwhbbebdlo Fe{wh bdleq dl {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh

Ezyhlk hlk dfyw`~e AUQ= a`lndwf qd{e bàh{d`l hlk hbdolfel{ leekek {` qew~e {je _eq{ B``y[whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew hb`lo d{j quyy`w{d~e {whlqy`w{h{d`l dfyw`~efel{q dl {je Ael{whb Hweh Ybhl

A`lndwf qd{e bàh{d`l hlk hbdolfel{q leekek {` yw`~dke `~ewldoj{ q{`whoe hlk {whdl {uwlgham n`w Ajdaho`{ewfdlh{dlo qew~daeq *quaj hq hl @Jhwe _eq{ q{h{d`l hlk le q{`whoe thwk lehw k`l{`l$

Dkel{dnt ahlkdkh{e qd{eq n`w h ael{whb JFN d{jdl {je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh Ke~eb`y kekdah{ek JQW a`wwdk`wq {` quyy`w{ 859 {` 779&fyj A`we Ezyweqq JQW qew~dae a`llea{dlo

fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq= ywd`wd{dse nha{`wq quaj hq a`q{" y`{el{dhb wdkewqjdy hlk {wh~eb {dfe qh~dloqf`khb qugq{d{u{d`l

Dl{w`kuae 779&fyj exudyfel{ hb`lo h kef`lq{wh{d`l a`wwdk`wB`lo [ewf

Gudbk ù{ {je qtq{ef gt dfybefel{dlo `{jew A`we Ezyweqq JQW qeofel{q l`{ dlabukek dl {jeDl{ewfekdh{e [ewf Ybhl

Uyowhke qew~dae d{j {je dl{w`kua{d`l `n 779&fyj qew~dae hb`lo `{jew a`wwdk`wq jewe h{{hdlhgbe od~elhbdolfel{ a`lq{whdl{q hlk hwwhl{ek gt {wh~eb {dfe gelend{q hlk f`khb qugq{d{u{d`l,

88,9 JQW Ke~eb`yfel{ Ajeambdq{[jdq qea{d`l dq h ajeambdq{ `n met a`lqdkewh{d`lq {` hkkweqq h{ {je geodlldlo `n {je JQW ybhlldlo hlk yw`cea{

ke~eb`yfel{ ywàeqq, [je ajeambdq{ dq h qewdeq `n met xueq{d`lq" jdaj jh~e geel hkkweqqek dl {je q{ukt" hlk ahl ge

hyybdek gt `{jew fe{w`y`bd{hl hwehq a`l{efybh{dlo dl{w`kua{d`l `n A`we Ezyweqq JQW qew~dae,


30/40

Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l 7; Hywdb 7988

88,8 _jdaj @u{btdlo Fhc`w Fe{w`y`bd{hl Hwehq dbb ge {je Elky`dl{q `n JQWA`wwdk`wq0

Nùw a`wwdk`wq quwwùlkdlo Ajdaho` hwe hyyw`ywdh{e n`w e~el{uhb uyowhke {` A`we Ezyweqq JQW qew~dae `yewh{dlo h{

qyeekq a`fyhwhgbe {` ezdq{dlo hlk yw`y`qek qew~daeq dl Euw`ye hlk Hqdh3

Fdllehy`bdq Q{, Yhub Q{, Bùdq Adladllh{d Ke{w`d{Abe~ebhlk

[jdq le{`wm ùbk ge a`fybefel{ek gt `{jew bdleq `yewh{dlo h{ ?449889&fyj" jdaj ùbk hkk qew~dae {` `{jew

fhc`w keq{dlh{d`lq dlabukdlo @fhjh" Mhlqhq Ad{t hlk `{jew y`dl{q dl _dqa`lqdl" Dbbdl`dq hlk Fdajdohl,

88,7 _jewe _dbb {je K`l{`l JQW Q{h{d`l ge Bàh{ek0[je Ad{t `n Ajdaho` jhq dkel{dndek Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l *AUQ$ hq {je {whlqy`w{h{d`l jug jewe g`{j weod`lhb hlk

b`lo&kdq{hlae {whdlq ùbk qew~e {je Ael{whb Hweh, Uld`l Q{h{d`l dq {je fhc`w jug n`w ezdq{dlo a`ffu{ew qew~daeq"

hlk {je ad{t dq ybhlldlo fhc`w le ke~eb`yfel{ dl {je ~dadld{t `n {je q{h{d`l hb`lo d{j qdoldndahl{ dfyw`~efel{q {`

a`llea{d~d{t hlk haaeqq, Hq l`{ek" h le _eq{ B``y JQW q{h{d`l hkchael{ {` AUQ fht ge wexudwek" `w qugq{hl{dhbdfyw`~efel{q" te{ {` ge dkel{dndek" ùbk leek {` ge yw`~dkek {` AUQ, [jdq q{ukt nàuqeq `l {je Ajdaho` jug"

dbbuq{wh{dlo {je a`lqdkewh{d`lq dl~`b~ek d{j h k`l{`l JQW q{h{d`l, Bàh{d`lq `n JQW q{h{d`lq dl `{jew ad{deq jh~e

geel dkel{dndek" gu{ wexudwe nuw{jew q{ukt hlk hlhbtqdq,

88,1 J` Qjùbk Ajdaho`q Ezdq{dlo Whdb [ewfdlhb ge Uyowhkek {` Haa`ff`kh{e JQW0AUQ dq h gham&{`&gham q{ug elk {ewfdlhb d{j h qdlobe {jwùoj {wham" hlk auwwel{bt qew~eq qdz Fe{wh bdleq hlk 5>

khdbt Hf{whm b`lo&jhub {whdlq, [je a`fgdlek dfyha{ `n {je F_WWD qew~dae ezyhlqd`l" hb`lo d{j y`{el{dhb Fe{wh

qew~dae dlawehqeq" hwe ezyea{ek {` ezaeek {je ahyhad{t `n {je ezdq{dlo nhadbd{t= {jewen`we dfyw`~efel{q ùbk ge

leekek e~el d{jù{ dlabuqd`l `n A`we Ezyweqq JQW, H yw`fdqdlo b`lo&{ewf q`bu{d`l n`w A`we Ezyweqq JQW ùbk

ge {` dfybefel{ {je _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew `w qdoldndahl{bt wea`lndouwe {je ezdq{dlo AUQ a`fybez {`

ezyhlk {wham hlk yhqqeloew ahyhad{t,

88,; J` _ùbk {je Y`{el{dhb n`w [jwùoj [whdlq ge Haa`ff`kh{ek dl Ajdaho`0Ajdaho` jhq geel {je whdb aw`qqw`hkq `n {je Uld{ek Q{h{eq n`w f`we {jhl h ael{uwt= d{j Ajdaho` y`qd{d`lek

q{wh{eodahbbt lehw {je qù{jewl elk `n Bhme Fdajdohl" fhlt `n {je bdleq nw`f {je ehq{ nulleb {jwùoj {je fe{w` hweh

hlk bdleq {` {je l`w{j" eq{ hlk qù{j a`l~ewoe jewe hq ebb, Hq Ajdaho` dq hbq` {je bhwoeq{ fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh dl {je

Fdkeq{ weod`l" d{ dq ulbdmebt {jh{ {jwùoj {whdlq ùbk gtyhqq {je ael{whb hweh `n {je ad{t, H nùw&qy`me JQW

le{`wm" d{j {jwee bdleq gwhlajdlo {` {je qù{j hlk ehq{ hlk `le bdle jehkdlo l`w{j {` @Jhwe Dl{ewlh{d`lhb Hdwy`w{"

ùbk hbb` dl{ewbdldlo `n {whdlq nw`f {je qù{j hlk ehq{ d{j qew~dae {` {je l`w{j q{`yydlo h{ @Jhwe hlk`w

Fdbhumee hlk`w Q{, YhubFdllehy`bdq,

88,5 _jh{ Haaeqq Dfyw`~efel{q Qjùbk ge Yw`~dkek h{ {je JQW Jug Q{h{d`l0H lufgew `n yekeq{wdhl" whdb {whlqd{ hlk ndzek oudkeht dfyw`~efel{q jh~e geel dkel{dndek {` a`llea{ {je _eq{

B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ewAjdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l d{j `{jew keq{dlh{d`lq dl k`l{`l Ajdaho`3

H le l`w{j&qù{j A[H qught bdle ulkew Abdl{`l Q{wee{ hkchael{ {` Uld`l Q{h{d`l H kdwea{ a`llea{d`l {` {je yw`y`qek ehq{&eq{ {whlqd{ht jdaj ùbk a`llea{ {` Fdajdohl H~elue hlk h

yw`y`qek k`l{`l adwaubh{`w {whlqd{ qtq{ef

Hl ulkewowùlk yekeq{wdhl a`laùwqe hb`lo Abdl{`l Q{wee{ {jh{ ùbk yw`~dke h qjeb{ewek hbm {` ezdq{dloA[H whdb q{h{d`lq h{ A`loweqq Yhwmht hlk h{ Bhme Q{wee{ n`w JQW yhqqeloewq,


31/40


88,> _jh{ A`llea{d~d{t Qjùbk ge Yw`~dkek n`w JQW Qew~dae dl {je Fe{w`y`bd{hl Hweh0_ebb&a``wkdlh{ek dl{ewad{t neekew qew~dae dq hl eqqel{dhb a`fy`lel{ `n h JQW qtq{ef {` ezyhlk d{q whloe, [je

F_WWD dkel{dndek qew~daeq dl qdz a`wwdk`wq" `yewh{dlo h{ qyeekq uy {` 889&fyj" jdaj aùbk yw`~dke a`llea{d`lq {`

{je JQW le{`wm h{ {je Ajdaho` jug3

Ajdaho` @fhjh *?449&fyj$ Ajdaho` Xudlat *49&fyj$ Ajdaho` Gb``fdlo{`lL`wfhb Qywdlondebk *889&fyj$ Ajdaho` Mhbhfhs`` Ke{w`d{ Y`l{dha *889&fyj$ Ajdaho` Y`w{ Juw`l *?4889&fyj$ Ajdaho` Owhlk Whydkq J`bbhlk *?4889&fyj$

[je Ajdaho` fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh jhq h w`guq{ a`ffu{ew whdb le{`wm {jh{ ùbk yw`~dke neekew qew~dae {` {je JQW

qtq{ef, [je n`bb`dlo JQW q{h{d`lq ewe dkel{dndek dl {je fe{w`y`bd{hl hweh3

_eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l Bhme A``m Fe{wh Q{h{d`l @Jhwe Dl{ewlh{d`lhb Hdwy`w{ Jtke Yhwm *55{j" 54{j `w >1wk Q{wee{ Fe{wh Q{h{d`l$ Qù{jeq{ Dl{ewf`khb *Jhw~et Fe{wh `w J`fe``k$ Qù{jehq{ Dl{ewf`khb *Ohwt Fe{w` Ael{ew Qù{j Qj`we Q{h{d`l$

88,? J` Ahl _e Fhme Qj`w{&[ewf Ajhloeq {` Haa`ff`kh{e Nu{uwe JQW0[je Ad{t `n Ajdaho`" `wmdlo dl a`lcula{d`l d{j U,Q, K@[" {je Q{h{e `n Dbbdl`dq" Fe{wh" Hf{whm hlk {je lh{d`l/q

nwedoj{ whdbw`hkq dq yuwqudlo {je Ajdaho` Weod`l El~dw`lfel{hb hlk [whlqy`w{h{d`l Enndadelat Ywòwhf

*AWEH[E$, AWEH[E dlabukeq h lufgew `n q{wh{eodahbbt&bàh{ek whdb whdb owhke qeyhwh{d`lq dl{elkek {`

qdoldndahl{bt wekuae whdb a`lnbda{q,

Ke~eb`yfel{ `n {je F_WWD n`w Weod`lhb JQW qew~dae dq ezyea{ek {` dlawehqe b`lo kdq{hlae yhqqeloew {whnnda

el{ewdlo AUQ" eqyeadhbbt nw`f {je qù{j, @le y`qqdgbe q`bu{d`l" qj`l dl Ndouwe 8;" ùbk ge {` qjdn{ yhqqeloew

{whnnda a`l~ewodlo nw`f {je qù{j hlk ehq{ `~ew {` {je {` bhmenw`l{ {whamq yhwhbbebdlo {je Fe{wh Ebea{wda kd~dqd`l"

d{j h le a`llea{d`l h{ {je Owhlk Aw`qqdlo bàh{d`l `l {je lehw qù{j qdke, Yhqqeloew {whnnda aùbk y`{el{dhbbt ge

wù{ek {` AUQ ~dh {je ehq{&eq{ Q{, Ajhwbeq Hdw Bdle qeofel{ bàh{ek ge{eel 85{j Q{wee{ hlk 8>{j Q{wee{"

dffekdh{ebt l`w{j `n FaA`wfdam Ybhae, [jdq qjdn{ ùbk eqqel{dhbbt wequb{ dl h yhqqeloew&`lbt whdbw`hk qea{d`l

ge{eel AUQ hlk Owhlk Aw`qqdlo" jdaj aùbk ge uyowhkek {` yw`~dke qew~dae h{ qyeekq `n uy {` 875&fyj,

_jewe {je q{wh{eot `n yjtqdahb qeyhwh{d`l `n yhqqeloew hlk nwedoj{ qew~daeq hlk a`lq`bdkh{d`l `n `yewh{d`lq dl

qeyhwh{e a`wwdk`wq fht l`{ ge y`qqdgbe" {efy`whb qeyhwh{d`l `n yhqqeloew hlk nwedoj{ qew~daeq fht q{dbb wefhdl hl

`y{d`l, Ulkew quaj qajefeq" kht{dfe ahyhad{t ùbk ge weqew~ek n`w yhqqeloew {whdlq" beh~dlo ldoj{{dfe jùwq n`w

ezabuqd~e nwedoj{ uqe,

88,: J` _dbb JQW Haaeqq {` {je K`l{`l [ewfdlhb ge Haa`ff`kh{ek0Auwwel{ Hf{whm dl{ewad{t qew~dae {` Ajdaho` `yewh{eq `~ew bdleq qjhwek d{j ~hwtdlo be~ebq `n nwedoj{" hq k` q`fe `n

{je Fe{wh a`ffu{ew qew~daeq, Hq l`{ek hg`~e" aweh{dlo kekdah{ek yhqqeloew {whamhoe hb`lo {je bhmenw`l{ aùbk jeby

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*qeyhwh{e nw`f Fe{wh bdleq$ a`llea{dlo {` h nu{uwe" kekdah{ek JQW {ewfdlhb h{ {je _eq{ B``y [whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ew

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k`sel Fe{wh q{`yq hb`lo {je Fe{wh Ebea{wda a wwdk`w, _d{j qeyhwh{e JQW {whamhoe a`llea{dlo {` {je _eq{ B``y

[whlqy`w{h{d`l Ael{ewAUQ {je ezdq{dlo h{&owhke aw`qqdlo `n {je Q{, Ajhwbeq Hdw Bdle {whamhoe hlk Fe{wh Wàm

Dqbhlk Kdq{wda{ {whamq ehq{ `n {je Ajdaho` Wd~ew aùbk ge ebdfdlh{ek hq ebb,


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Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqq`adh{d`l 7> Hywdb 7988

Ndouwe 8;3 Dl{eowh{d`l `n 779&fyj d{j 889&fyj Qew~dae n`w Ajdaho` Uld`l Q{h{d`l Yhqqeloew [whnnda Haaeqq

Q`uwae3 HEA@F" 7988


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Fdkeq{ Jdoj Qyeek Whdb Hqqàdh{d`l 7? Hywdb 7988

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Dqqueq jdaj ewe dkel{dndek hlk a`lqdkewek dl {je Ajdaho` Fdkeq{ q{ukt dlabuke3

Dkel{dndah{d`l `n [ewfdlhbq hlk Dl{ewfekdh{e Q{`yq @le a`lqdkewh{d`l dq bdlmdlo {je bhwoeq{ uwghl hwehqd{j qew~dae {` {je ad{t ael{ewq jewe o``k a`llea{d`lq {` {whlqd{ neekew qew~daeq ahl ge yw`~dkek hlk jewe

q`fe ywdladyhb keq{dlh{d`lq hwe d{jdl hbmdlo kdq{hlae, Qebea{dlo dl{ewfekdh{e q{h{d`lq wexudweq ghbhladlo

{je aj`dae {` qew~e hkkd{d`lhb a`ffuld{deq d{j {je leek {` fdldfdse {je lufgew `n q{`yq hlk {` meey {je

q{`yq hkexuh{ebt qyhaek q` {whdlq ahl `yewh{e h{ awudqdlo qyeek n`w fuaj `n {je {wdy, Meeydlo wù{eq hq

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{dfeq ge{eel {ewfdlhb bàh{d`lq,

Ke{ewfdldlo Qyeek `n Qew~dae [je qyeek `n qew~dae qjùbk ge nhq{ elùoj {` yw`~dke wehq`lhgbehb{ewlh{d~e {wh~eb {dfeq d{j hu{` hlk`w qj`w{&jhub Fdkeq{ dl{ewad{t hdw keyelkdlo uy`l {je fhwme{

`gcea{d~eq `n {je qtq{ef, N`w ezhfybe" `l {je hyyw`zdfh{e 49&fdbe wehaj ge{eel Ajdaho` hlk Fdbhumee"

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qew~dae n`w hdw {wh~eb,

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The Economic Impacts of High Speed Rail: Transforming the Midwest

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