The Eastern Ghats - eptrienvis.nic.in

The ENVIS Centre on Eastern Ghats is a decentralized Environmental Information Centre established by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India on thematic issue of Ecology of Eastern Ghats

EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter

The Eastern GhatsE P T R I - E N V I S N e w s l e t t e r

ENVIS CENTRE ON ECOLOGY OF EASTERN GHATS

ENVIS CENTRE ON ECOLOGY OF EASTERN GHATSENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE

91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, India.Ph: +91-40-23180103, 23180115, 23180100 fax: +91-40-23180135

URL: http://eptrienvis.nic.inEmail : [email protected]

ISSN No: 0974-2336Vol. 20, No.4 2014

Printed Matter

EPTRI

Volume-20 Issue-4 October - December 2014

1

ENVIS Coordinator

Editorial

Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.4, 2014

The term Protected Areas is commonly used to describe areas of Ecological and Biological importance

like Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Zoos, Reserves etc. An area qualifies to be declared as

Protected Area when it bears some floral or faunal species of great significance, which needs to be

conserved or has an ecological system, which is fragile and needs to be protected. Wildlife Sanctuaries

and National Parks with their locations, area, established, flora, fauna and its uniqueness are

presented.

The Eastern Ghats (EGs) comprise a chain of ancient low hills adjoining the east coast of India. It is located 0 0 0

between 11 22' North latitudes and 77 22' and 85 20' East longitudes in the tropical region and starting from West Bengal pass through states like Odisha and Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu in the south passing some parts of Karnataka

The hills of Eastern Ghats with opulent biological diversity provide centers of endemism for floral and faunal life. Eastern ghats are blessed with Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks. The Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park of the Eastern Ghats has its rich biodiversity with unique feature. Wildlife Sanctuaries, Tiger Reserves and National Parks are discussed below under sub-headings like location, area, established, forest type, flora, fauna and its uniqueness.

Definition – Protected Areas

A clearly defined geographical space, recognized dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values

(International Union for Conservation of Nature

(IUCN))

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0In Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu; between 12 32'44” 0 N 79 51’21”E.

0.30 Sq. Kms

1936

Dry evergreen scrub and thorn forests

Few species are Barringtonia acutangula, Acacia nilotica, Alangium salviflorum, etc

Few species are Egrets, Spot-billed Pelican, Painted Stork, Great Cormorant, Indian Cormorant, Open-billed stock.

Attracts Herons, Egrets, Storks, Ibises and Spoonbills.

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0In Visakhapatnam district; between 17 49'31” N to 0 83 18'31”E.

70.70 Sq. Kms.

1970

Dry evergreen forest mixed with scrub and meadows.

Few species are Albizia odoratissima, Syzygium cumini, Tectona grandis, Catunaregam spinosa, Grewia tiliaefolia

Few species are Russell's Viper, Indian Cobra,Chameleon, Asian Paradise flycatcher, Treepie, Quails, Partridges,

A large and sprawling greenery around the Vizag City harbouring diverse flora & fauna.

TAMIL NADU

ANDHRA PRADESH

Open-billed Stork

Albizia odoratissima

VEDANTHANGAL BIRD SANCTUARY

KAMBALAKONDA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks with reference to Eastern GhatsM. Suneela, ENVIS Coordinator and K. Jyothi, Sr. Program Officer, EPTRI

2


Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Nellore district; between 13°49'32.99"N 79°57'54.99"E.

4.40 Sq. Kms.

1976

Southern Dry Evergreen Scrub type of forest

Few species are Barringtonia acutangula, Babul, Psosopis sp., Ipomea sp.

Few rare and endangered species like Spot-billed Pelican, Open-Billed Stork, Painted Stork, Little Cormorant.

Barringtonia acutangula trees providing nesting ground for Pelicans.

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Khammam district; between 17 46'30” N 80 33'32”E.

635.40 Sq. Kms.

1977

Dry deciduous forest

Few species are Bambusa sp., Terminalia sp. Anogeissus sp., Cassia sp.

Few species are Tiger, Panther, Gaur, Cheetal, Chinkara, Chowsingha, Sambar, Wild Boar, Wild Dog, Partridges.

Deer Park, Kinnerasani Dam and Reservoir. Kinnerasani Lake with densely forested islands

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In East Godavari district; between 16°-30' to 17°-00' N latitudes and 82°-14' to 82°-23'E longitudes.

235.70 Sq. Kms

1978

Mangrove forest

Few species are rich in mangrove vegetation like Rhizophora sp., Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp., Aegiceros sp.

Few species are Otter, Fishing Cat, Jackal, Marine Turtle. Home for some of the rare, endangered species like Smooth Indian Otter, Fishing Cat, Estuarine Crocodile.

The largest surviving patch of Mangrove forests in the State with more than 65 mangrove tree species.

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In East Godavari, West Godavari & Khammam districts; between 17°24'28"N 81°31'5"E.

591 Sq. Kms

1978

Dry deciduous Teak forest

Few species are Terminalia sp., Pterocarpus sp., Cassia sp.

Few species are Tiger, Panther, Gaur, Cheetal, Chowsingha, Sambar, Black Buck, Mouse Deer, Barking Deer, Sloth Bear

The sight of mighty Godavari meandering through densely forested hills with deep gorges & valleys.

NELAPATTU BIRD SANCTUARY

CORINGA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

KINNERASANI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

PAPIKONDA SANCTUARY

Spot-billed Pelican

Patridges

Smooth Indian Otter

Sloth Bear

Eastern Ghats: EPTRI-ENVIS Newsletter Vol.20, No.4 , 2014

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Guntur, Prakasham, Kurnool and Mahaboobnagar 0 0districts; between 16 18'N 78 59'E

3568.09 sq.kms

Wildlife Sanctuary in 1978, Tiger Reserve in 1983.

Dry deciduous mixed forests

Few species are Terminalia tomentosa, bellerica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Boswellia serrata

Few species are Tiger, Panther, Sloth Bear, Ratel, Tree Shrew, Black Buck, Chowsingha, Nilgai, Wild Boar. The Indian wild dog is an endangered species found in this sanctuary.

Largest Tiger reserve in India spreading over 5 districts with river Krishna flowing through the reserve

Terminalia

NAGARJUNA - SR SAILAM SANCTUARYI

Indian Wild Dog

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Cuddapah district; between 14°35'7.99"N 78°56'42.34"E.

464.42 Sq. Kms.

1988

Dry deciduous mixed thorn forests

An endemic species like Pterocarpus santalinus is found here.

Few species are Panther, Sloth Bear, Cheetal, Fox, Jerdon's Courser (nocturnal bird).

The only habitat in the world harbouring the Jerdon's Courser, a highly endangered bird.

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Kurnool district; between 15°43'39.79"N 78°20'4.01"E

6.14 Sq. Kms.

1988

Open dry grassland interspersed with thorny bushes

Few species are Manilkara hexandra, Strychnos sp., Ficus Tsiela.

Few species are Great Indian Bustard, Black Buck, Wolf, Jackal, Bonnet Monkey, Russell's Viper, Cobra.

The only habitat in the State for the rare and highly endangered Great Indian Bustard is observed here.

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Chittoor and Cuddapah districts; between 13°48'10.05"N 79°26'11.08"E.

353.62 Sq. Kms

1989

Dry deciduous mixed forest with patches of moist deciduous forest

Rare and endemic plant species like Shorea talura, Shorea tumbuggaia, Terminalia pallida, Cycas beddomei, Syzygium alternifolium, Psilotum nudum occur in this area.

Rare and endangered species like Golden Gecko, Slender Loris, Indian Giant Squirrel, Tree Shrew and Flying Lizard

Seshachalam hill ranges supports some of the endemic and highly endangered flora & fauna.

SRI LANKAMALLESWARA SANCTUARY

ROLLAPADU BIRD SANCTUARY

SRI VENKATESHWARA NATIONAL PARK

Jerdon’s Courser

Great Indian Bustard

Golden Gecko

3

4


Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Krishna and Guntur districts; between 15° 46' 27? N, 80° 56' 39? E.

194.81 Sq. Kms.

1989

Mangrove forest

Few species rich in mangrove vegetation are Rhizophora sp., Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp., Aegiceras sp.

some of the rare species like Common Kukri Snake, Striped Keelback Snake, Checkered Keelback Snake, Common Trinket Snake, Rat Snake, Common Indian Bronzeback Snake, Common Green Whip Snake, Common Cat Snake

Mangrove forests in the Krishna estuary with unique flora & fauna.

KRISHNA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Common Green Whip Snake

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Kurnool and Prakasam districts; between 15°37'41.83"N 78°43'57.36"E

1194 Sq. Kms.

1990

Mixed deciduous

Few species are Tectona grandis, Pterocarpus sp., Terminalia sp., Albizzia lebbeck, Anogeissius latifolia, Dalbergia sp.,

Some of the endangered species in this Sanctuary are Chausingha, Chinkara, Nilgai, Blackbuck, Sambar and Pangolin.

Pristine forests of Nallamalai tract, rich in plants of Ethno-botanical values.

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Chittoor district; between 13 01'30”N 78 38'42”E

357.60 Sq. Kms

1990

Southern tropical dry deciduous and thorn forest

Few species are Albizia sp., Acacia sp., Lagerstroemia sp., Ficus sp., Bamboo sp.

Few species are Cheetal, Boar, Jungle Cat, Jackal, Jungle Fowl, Star Tortoise, Slender Loris. The vulnerable Yellow-throated Bulbul is present in this sanctuary.

The only Elephant Reserve in the State and Kaigal and Kaundinya are two streams flow through this sanctuary.

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh; between 16”39'N to 81”13'E.

673 Sq. Kms.

1999

Fresh water lake.

Few species are Ipomea sp., Typha sp., Albizzia sp., Prosopis sp., Water Hyacinth

Few species are Glossy ibis, Pintails, Teals,Open-Billed Stork, Painted Stork, Red-crested Pochards

It attracts migratory birds from countries like Australia, Siberia, Egypt and the Philippines

GUNDLA BRAHMESWARAM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

KAUNDINYA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

KOLLERU BIRD SANCTUARY

Indian Gazelle (Chinkara)

Yellow - throated Bulbul

Red-crested Pochard


Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj districts; between latitude 0 0 021 16' to 20 45' N and longitudes 86 -20'E.

191.06 sq. km.

1978

Mixed deciduous forests

Few species are Shorea robusta, Cassia sp.

Few species are Leopard, Wild Dog, Spotted Deer, Wild Boar,, Migratory Duck, Mugger, Jungle Cat, Pangolin

Baula hill range and Salandi river are the main features.

HADGARH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Pangolin

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Phulbani district; between latitudes 19 0' to 19 56' N and 0 0longitudes 83 12" to 84 0' E

399.05 sq. km.

1981

North Indian Moist Peninsular Sal Forest, Northern tropical semi evergreen forest

Few species are Adina cordifolia, Careya arborea, Mallotus Philippensis, Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Buchanania lanzan.

Few species are Nilgai, Leopard, Bison, Sambar, Spotted Deer, varieties of birds and reptiles.

The dense lush green forest with sylvan and serene picturesque beauty is the major attraction.

KOTAGARH WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Nilgai

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0In Sambalpur district; between 21 20'30.63"N 84°28'43.51"E.

116 sq. km.

1982

Moist deciduous and tropical dry forests

Few species are Bambusa sp. Cassia sp.

Few species are Leopard, Bison, Sambar, Spotted Deer, Barking Deer, Mouse Deer, Peafowl, Red Jungle Fowl,

The secluded enclaves of this Sanctuary is the home of several variegated species of wildlife.

KHALASUNI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Bison

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Gajapati district; between latitude 19 15' to 19 25' N and 0 0longitude 84 15' to 84 25' E.

185.87 sq. km.

1985

Tropical mixed deciduous forest.

Few species are Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta, Pterocarpus marsupium, Bambusa sp.

Few species are Blackbucks, Tiger, Leopard, Bear, Hyena, Wild boar, Spotted Deer, Elephant.

This sanctuary has its rich in floristic composition and medicinal plants

LAKHARI VALLEY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Blackbuck

ODISHA

5

6


Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Mayurbhanj district; between latitude 21 28' to 22 8' N and 0 0longitudes 86 4' to 86 37' E.

845.70 sq.km.

1986

Mixed Sal, dry deciduous, moist deciduous and some evergreen patches.

Few species are Orchids, Eucalyptus sp.

Few species are Leopard, Four-horned Antelope, Hyena, Wolf, Sambar, Chital, Mouse-deer, Gaur, Elephant, Giant squirrel, Peafowl, Hill Myna, Grey Hornbill and reptiles like Marsh Crocodile, Monitor Lizard.

Natural waterfalls that are called as Barehipani and Joranda, Tiger tracking, Bird Watching, jeep jungle Safaris to view nature's beauty

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Sambalpur district between latitude 21 20' to 21 40' N and 0 0longitude 84 10' to 84 30' E.

304.03 sq. km.

1987

Dry deciduous mixed forest

Few species are Shorea robusta, Pterocarpus marsupium, Bambusa sp., Tectona grandis.

Tiger, Leopard, Hyena, Wild Bear, Spotted Deer, Elephant.

The watch towers installed within the sanctuary provide a good view of the animals flocking the nearby watering points at night

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Nuapada district; between latitude 20 06'0” to 20 44'0” N 0 0and longitude 82 20'0” to 82 34'48” E.

591.75 sq. km.

1988

Dry mixed deciduous forest

Few species are Tectona grandis, Shorea robusta, and other forest species

Few species are Tiger, Leopard, Hyena, Barking deer, Chital, Bison, Sambar, Hill Myna, Peafowl, Partridge.

This sanctuary has eleven beautiful waterfalls and seasonal streams and is considered as an ideal habitat for Swamp deer (locally extinct).

SIMLIPAL NATIONAL PARK

BADRAMA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

SUNABEDA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Grey Hornbill

Spotted Dear

Swamp Dear

Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

0 0In Kalahandi district; between latitudes 19 30' to 19 50' 0 0(North) and longitude, 82 45' to 83 15' (East).

147.66 sq.km.

1992

Dry deciduous forests

Few species are Habenaria barbata, Shorea robusta, Orchids.

Few species are Sambal, Gaur, Nilgai, Mouse Deer, Barking Deer

The undulated topography of the sanctuary, with hills, valley, perennial streams and deep water pools give it an unique charm. Another popular attraction in the sanctuary is the Khanduala Fall located on a hill top and is believed to be the home of Goddess Khandua.

KARLAPAT WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Mouse Deer

To Printed MatterSri.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Pin:....................................................................

From:

Environment Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI)91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500 032, India.Ph : +91-040-23180103, 23180115, 23180100Fax No.:+40-23180135,Website: http://eptrienvis.nic.inEmail: [email protected]

ENVIS CoordinatorENVIS Centre on Ecology of Eastern Ghats

7


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Location :

Area :

Established :

Forest type :

Flora :

Fauna :

Uniqueness :

In Angul, Cuttack, Nayagarh and Boudh districts; 0 0between latitude 20 25' to 20 45' N and longitude

0 085 35' to 86 5' E.

964 Sq. Kms.

2007

Moist, dry & mixed deciduous forest, and moist peninsular sal forests

Few species are Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Pterocarpus marsupium, Dalbergia latifolia, Terminalia arjuna.

Few species are Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Gaur, Sambar, Spotted Deer, Mouse Deer, Nilgai, Choushingha, Sloth Bear, Wild Dog.

River Mahanadi, the Gharial Research and Conservation Unit at Tikarapada, hill lopes, various tracking routes and boating.

SATKOSIA TIGER RESERVE

Tiger

Sources: http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/envis/sdev/parks.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambalakonda_Wildlife_Sanctuary http://forest.ap.nic.in/Tiger_Reserve.htm#http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20SIVARAM.htmhttp://idosi.org/wjz/wjz7%284%2912/7.pdf http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=38189) http://kandhamal.nic.in/km-for/wildlifes.htmhttp://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/17-20.pdf)20.pdf) http://www.academia.edu/6967974/Dash_P_and_P._Kumar._2013._Habenaria_barbata_Wight_ex_Hook.f._a_ne w_record_for_Central_India._Zoo_s_Print_28_7_21_22 http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/wildbiodiversity/bs_vedabs.htmlhttp://www.fra.org.in/guarding%20their%20God.pdf http://www.indiamapped.com/wildlife-sanctuaries-in-india/andhra-pradesh-rollapadu-wildlife-sanctuary http://www.indianetzone.com/71/khalasuni_wildlife_sanctuary.htmhttp://www.navratnanews.com/Biodiversity/Sanctuary.htmhttp://www.odishaecotourism.com/wildlife-sanctuaries-odisha.htmlhttp://www.odishawildlife.org/SANTURIESATAGLANCE.htmhttp://www.sanctuariesindia.com/sunabeda-wildlife-sanctuary/ http://www.satkosia.org/; http://zeropoint.co.in/satkosia.phphttps://sites.google.com/site/viveklpm/wild-and-zoo-animal-care-and-management/major-wildlife-sanctuaries- and-reserves-in-india/major-wildlife-sanctuaries-and-reserves-of-andhra-pradesh

Dr. M. Suneela,

Dr. K. Jyothi,

Md. Khader,

ENVIS Coordinator

Sr. Program Officer

Data Entry Operator

Published by

Supported by

EPTRI, Hyderabad

Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change

Government of India New Delhi, India.

Editorial Team

Cover Page: Map of Eastern GhatsDesign by Mr. V. Narayanarao, EPTRI

The Eastern Ghats - eptrienvis.nic.in

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