The East Asian Rimlands: The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Early Japan, Korea, and

VietnamVietnam

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Japan and Its NeighborsJapan and Its Neighbors

Japan: Land of the Rising SunJapan: Land of the Rising Sun Main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku

Importance of geography Importance of being an island country

A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan Creation myth

• Marriage of Izanagi and Izanami• Birth of Amaterasu – Sun goddess• Descendant of Amaterasu founded Japan

Jomon people, 10,000 years ago• Hunters and gatherers• Agriculture appeared sometime during the first millennium B.C.E.

Yayoi culture• Mixture of Jomon and new arrivals• First lived on Kyushu and later Honshu• Tribal society based on clans (uji) in central Honshu

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Early JapanEarly Japan

Rise of the Japanese StateRise of the Japanese State Yamoto state

Two methods to deal with Chinese threat Shotoku Taishi (572-622)

• Missions to Tang China to learn about the centralized kingdom Emulating the Chinese Model

Reforms• Centralized government under a supreme rule • Merit system for public officials

Taika reforms continued movement toward centralized rule Interest in Buddhism

Nara Period Nara Period (710-784)

• Fujiwara clan married into the ruling Yamato family• Chinese state model

Heian (Kyoto) Period (794-1185)Heian (Kyoto) Period (794-1185)

Fujiwara clan had the real power, senior member of the family serves as regent

Decentralized political system Shoen (tax exempt) farmland

Emergence of the samurai (military retainer) Bushido warrior code

Kamakura Shogunate (1185-Kamakura Shogunate (1185-1333)1333) Minamoto Yoritomo (1142-1199)

Bakufu (tent government) shogun (general) Shogunate system

Mongols Khubilai Khan demands tribute, 1266 Japan invaded twice by the Mongols

• Kamikaze (Divine Wind) Kamakura shogunate weakened and overthrown Ashikaga shogun

Power to local landed aristocracy, daimyo Onin War (1467-1477)

Economic and Social StructuresEconomic and Social Structures

Noble control of land, wealth in agriculture Commerce slow to develop Trade and manufacturing developed more rapidly

in Kamakura period and the Ashikaga shogunate

Daily lifeDaily life Most were peasants who worked the land owned by the

lord Under the authority of local officials Dispose of harvest as they saw fit after taxes paid

• Genin, landless laborers• eta, hereditary slaves

Daily life was similar to others peoples in Asia• shoen, several villages• Life was difficult

Women in Japan• Had rights in early Japan• When introduced Buddhism relegated women to a subordinate

position • Nevertheless, played a role in all levels of society

In Search of the Pure Land: In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early JapanReligion in Early Japan Shinto

Kami, nature spirits Ancestor worship Physical purity and its relationship to women Nature and beauty State doctrine linked to divinity belief about emperor and the sacredness of

Japan Buddhism, 6th century B.C.E.

Jodo, Pure land Zen Zen teaches ways to achieve Satori, enlightenment Zazen, scripture study and self-discipline

Sources of Traditional Japanese Sources of Traditional Japanese CultureCulture Literature

Adapted Chinese writing system Poetry and prose

• Haiku• Women prolific writers of prose

No, drama Art and Architecture

Art• Search for beauty; hand scrolls, screens, other works• Nature themes dominated; search for emotional response

Kamakura Period (1185-1333) Zen Buddhism Landscape Tea ceremony

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Japan, China, and Korea, 600-Japan, China, and Korea, 600-800800

Japan and the Chinese ModelJapan and the Chinese Model Consequences of isolation

Lack of knowledge form the outside delayed the process of change

Importance of geography Spared destructive invasions

Decentralized political forces remained dominant

Korea’s Three KingdomsKorea’s Three Kingdoms

Korea: Bridge to the EastKorea: Bridge to the East Farming began about 2000 B.C.E. Chinese influence and rule Three Kingdoms (4th-7th centuries)

Koguryo -- influenced by China, Buddhism, and Confucianism Paekche Silla -- dominant power

The Rise of the Koryo Dynasty Koryo dynasty Social structure Buddhism

Under the Mongols Seized in the thirteenth century Forced labor for the peasants Introduced Chinese ideas and technology Yi dynasty, 1392

Vietnam: The Smaller DragonVietnam: The Smaller Dragon Irrigated agriculture in area of the Red River Conflict with the Qin and Han empires in China

Trung Sisters Revolt, 39 C.E. Chinese regain control

The Rise of Great Viet Overthrow of Chinese rule Expansion The Chinese Legacy

• Following the Confucian model• Spread of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism• Borrowed from Chinese for literature

Society and Family Life• Borrowed the Confucian system and the civil service examination• Peasant masses• Growing emphasis on male domination• Strong tradition of heroic women

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

How did geography and climate affect the development of Japan?

What were the main characteristics of the political development of early Japan?

How was Japanese daily life like the early life in China? How was it different?

Trace the development of religion in early Japan. What was the relationship between early Japan and its

neighbors in Eastern Asia?