The Earth - santillana.es · Key language • Key vocabulary and structures: Equator, Northern...

This unit introduces the subject of how we map the Earth. It explains the different types of maps we use and how to use them.

Unit outline

The Earth 1

The Earth

Know how toLearn about different types

of maps and how to read themFind out about continents

and oceans

Final taskFind your way and calculate

distances with a map

Globes

Maps

Types of maps

Parts of a map

Using a compass

Oceans and continents

SUGGESTED TIMING FOR THE UNIT

October November December

6 A

Unit contents

CONTENTS

• Globes and maps

• Types of maps

• Parts of a map

• Using a compass

• Oceans and continents

VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES

• Globes and maps: axis, Equator, Northern / Southern Hemisphere, North / South Pole, globe, physical map, political map, thematic map, world map; compass rose, key, label, scale

• Oceans and continents: Antarctic, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific; Africa, America, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, Oceania

KNOW HOW TO

• Identify parts of the Earth on a globe

• Recognize features on different types of maps

• Interpret maps using a key, compass rose and scale

• Follow instructions to use a compass

• Find out about continents and oceans from a map and globe

WORK WITH THE PICTURE

• Explain where oceans and continents are, using the points of a compass

SPEAKING • Talk about the job of a cartographer

WRITING

• Write definitions for a globe and a map

• Write what is to the north, south, east and west of the school

• Write definitions of an ocean and a continent

FINAL TASK• Use a map to find your way and calculate

distances

VALUES EDUCATION

• Understanding the importance of taking precautions in the natural environment

• Appreciating the usefulness of being able to give directions around town

6 B

1 The Earth

1.1 Don't get lost in the woods!

Remember the story of Hansel and Gretel? The children leave a trail of crumbs in the woods so that they can find their way home. But birds eat the crumbs and the children get lost. They end up in the wicked witch’s house.

What a shame they didn’t have a map and a compass! Or even better, a GPS device. A map and a compass help you to find your way. A GPS device tells you exactly where you are, and shows you how to get to where you want to go. It works by receiving signals from artificial satellites in the sky.

Today, it is not so easy to get lost in the woods!

Baragge Nature Reserve

499m

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Read and understand

Name two devices that help you to find your way.

Why is a map useful in the woods?

Which is more useful in the woods, a compass or a GPS device?

Where does a GPS device get signals from?

SPEAKING. Do you think a GPS device is useful for a taxi driver? And for an ambulance driver? Explain.

KNOW HOW TO

Learn about different types of maps and how to read maps.

Find out about continents and oceans.

FINAL TASK

Find your way and calculate distances with a map.

Most of the Earth is covered with water.

What oceans do you know?

The rest of the Earth is land. There are six continents on Earth.

What continents do you know?

WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER?

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Objectives• Tointroducethemaintheme

of the unit• Toactivatepreviousknowledge

about using maps • TolearnaboutaGPSdevice

Key language• Keyvocabularyandstructures:

signal, woods; receive; trail of crumbs, what a shame

Presentation• Sslookatthepicture.Say:The

person is using a GPS to help him find the way through the woods. The GPS shows you exactly where you are.Thensay:Point to the GPS. Point to the place where the person is.

Practice• Ask:Do you know the story of

Hansel and Gretel? What happens? Elicit answers.

Play track 1.1Song. Sslistenandread.Ask:What do Hansel and Gretel use to help them find the way home? What happened to their trail?Thenask:What can we use today to help us find our way?Explainthattodaywehavesignposts to show us how to get from one place to another. We alsohavemaps,compasses andGPSdevices.

• Explain:In this unit you will learn about maps and how they show the Earth.

1.1

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sswritequestionsaboutthetext‘Don’tgetlostinthewoods!’.They

workwithanotherpairandtaketurnstoaskandanswerthequestions.

Extension• Inpairs,SssearchtheInternetandbookstofindouthowaGPSdevice

worksandhowitisusedtotrackvehiclessuchasships.

6

Read and understand

Name two devices that help you to find your way.

Why is a map useful in the woods?

Which is more useful in the woods, a compass or a GPS device?

Where does a GPS device get signals from?

SPEAKING. Do you think a GPS device is useful for a taxi driver? And for an ambulance driver? Explain.

KNOW HOW TO

Learn about different types of maps and how to read maps.

Find out about continents and oceans.

FINAL TASK

Find your way and calculate distances with a map.

Most of the Earth is covered with water.

What oceans do you know?

The rest of the Earth is land. There are six continents on Earth.

What continents do you know?

WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER?

seven 7

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UNIT 1

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sslookatthepicturesandtaketurnstodescribewhatthepeople

aredoingineachpicture.Giveanexample:In this picture, there are four children looking at a map.

Read and understand• Readthequestions.Elicitanswers

fromthewholeclass.Sslookat thephoto.Givethewordcompass. Ask:Why do we use a compass? What other device can we use today to find the way?(AGPSdevice.)

• Givehelpwiththespeakingtask.Elicit an example. Write an example ontheboard:I think a GPS device is useful because it can help you (find your way/if you are lost). In pairs,Sssharetheirideas:I think a GPS device is useful because …

Know how to• Sslookatthepicture.Say:What

is the girl doing? Why is she looking at a map?

• Explain:In this unit you will learn about different types of maps and how to read them.

• Explainthefinaltask:In this unit you will learn how to find your way and calculate distances with a map.

What do you remember?• Readthefirsttext.Insmallgroups,

Ssmakealistoftheoceanstheyknow.

• Readthesecondtext.Sslistthenamesofthecontinentstheyknow.

Values education• TalktoSsabouttheimportanceoftakingprecautionswhenwalkinginthe

naturalenvironment,suchastellingsomeonewhereyouaregoing.

7

1Globes and maps

Globes

The Earth is a very big sphere. Globes are small spheres that show the Earth on a small scale. Globes also show: 1

The North Pole. This is the point on Earth that is the farthest north.

The South Pole. This is the point on Earth that is the farthest south.

The Equator. This is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into two halves: the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

The Earth spins on an imaginary axis.

1.2 Types of maps

Maps can show the whole of the Earth’s surface or only part of it. World maps show the whole of the Earth’s surface.

Maps can be divided into three types: physical, political and thematic.

1.4

2 Artificial satellites take photos of the Earth.

1 A globe.

3 Cartographers use information from the photos of the Earth.

Maps

Maps are flat pictures that show parts of the Earth's surface. Cartographers are people who make maps. This is how cartographers make maps:

Artificial satellites take photos of the Earth from space. These photos show the exact shape of the land and the oceans. 2

The satellites send the photos back to the Earth. Cartographers use this information to create maps and globes to represent the Earth. 3

The Earth is a very big sphere. Globes and maps represent the Earth on a small scale.

1.3

Northern Hemisphere

North Pole

axis

Equator

South PoleSouthern

Hemisphere

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1

Types of maps



1.4

World maps show the whole of the Earth’s surface. Maps can be divided into three types: physical, political and thematic.

ACTIVITIES

Physical maps

These maps use different colours to show the different heights of the land.

Political maps

These maps use different colours to show different areas of a country or different countries.

Thematic maps

These maps use colour or symbols to show different features, for example, vegetation or weather.

In which map can you see the names of volcanoes?

What does the thematic map show?


Roque de losMuchachos

2,428 m

Santa Cruzde La Palma

TaburienteCaldera

Fuencaliente Point

Rabisca Point

Cumbre Vieja1,945 m

Teneguia Volcano439 m

ATLANTICOCEAN

644537_U03_p07_h1_relieve La Palma

LA PALMA

Villa de Mazo

Tijarafe

Tazacorte


San Andrésy Sauces

PuntallanaPuntagorda

ElPaso

Garafía

Fuencalientede La Palma

Breña Baja

Barlovento

Breña Alta

Los Llanosde Aridane

ATLANTICOCEAN

644537_U03_p007_h2_político La Palma

LA PALMA

1 Copy the globe into your notebook. Then answer the questions.

What do we call the green line?

What do we call X? And what do we call Y?

Colour the Northern Hemisphere red. Colour the Southern Hemisphere blue.

2 SPEAKING. What does a cartographer do? Tell your partner.

3 WRITING. Write definitions for a globe and a map. Write three different types of maps.

Y

X

Los Nogales

Ravine

Las A

ngus

ias

Ravi

ne

nine 9

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Objectives• Tofindouthowwerepresent

the Earth

• TolearnaboutEarthglobes and world maps

• Torecognizehowcoloursare used on maps


Equator, Northern Hemisphere, North Pole, Southern Hemisphere, South Pole; artificial satellite, axis, cartographer, globe, physical map, political map, thematic map, world map

Presentation• Bringinaglobe.Ask:What is this?

What information can we get from it? Point to the top and bottom of theglobe.Ask:What do we call these points?ThenshowSsaworldmap.Ask:How is the map different to the globe?

Practice Play track 1.2.Sslistenandread.

Ask:What shape is the Earth? What is the Equator? Which hemisphere do we live in?

• Explainthatmapsalsogiveusinformation about the surface of the Earth.

Play track 1.3.Sslistenandread.Ask:What do cartographers do? How do they make maps?

• Sstaketurnstofindthesame place on the globe and map.

• Ask:Where is Spain on the globe/map?Thensay:Find the ocean between South America and Africa. Ask:What is the ocean called? (TheAtlantic.)

1.2

1.3

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sswritesentencesaboutglobesandmapsonstripsofpaper.They

cutthesentencesintwo.Ssworkwithanotherpairtomatchthesentencehalves.Giveanexample:The satellites send / photos back to Earth.

Extension• Insmallgroups,Ssfindoutmoreinformationabouthowcartographers

makemaps.Theypresenttheprocessasaflowchartshowingthedifferentstages of the process.

8

1

Types of maps



1.4

World maps show the whole of the Earth’s surface. Maps can be divided into three types: physical, political and thematic.

ACTIVITIES

Physical maps

These maps use different colours to show the different heights of the land.

Political maps

These maps use different colours to show different areas of a country or different countries.

Thematic maps

These maps use colour or symbols to show different features, for example, vegetation or weather.

In which map can you see the names of volcanoes?

What does the thematic map show?


Roque de losMuchachos

2,428 m


TaburienteCaldera

Fuencaliente Point

Rabisca Point

Cumbre Vieja1,945 m

Teneguia Volcano439 m

ATLANTICOCEAN

644537_U03_p07_h1_relieve La Palma

LA PALMA

Villa de Mazo

Tijarafe

Tazacorte


San Andrésy Sauces

PuntallanaPuntagorda

ElPaso

Garafía

Fuencalientede La Palma

Breña Baja

Barlovento

Breña Alta

Los Llanosde Aridane

ATLANTICOCEAN

644537_U03_p007_h2_político La Palma

LA PALMA

1 Copy the globe into your notebook. Then answer the questions.

What do we call the green line?

What do we call X? And what do we call Y?

Colour the Northern Hemisphere red. Colour the Southern Hemisphere blue.

2 SPEAKING. What does a cartographer do? Tell your partner.

3 WRITING. Write definitions for a globe and a map. Write three different types of maps.

Y

X

Los Nogales

Ravine

Las A

ngus

ias

Ravi

ne

nine 9

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UNIT 1

Work with the picture• Say:Lookatthemaps.Ask:How

are they the same? How are they different?

Play track 1.4.Sslistenandread.Ask:Which maps show the whole of the Earth’s surface? What are the three types of maps?

• Say:Point to the political map. Then ask: What do the different colours show?

• Say:Point to the physical map. Ask: What do the colours show on this map? Which land is the lowest? Which is the highest?

• Ask:What does the third map show? What is used to show the different features?

Activities1 Sscopythediagramoftheglobe

intheirnotebooks.Then,theyreadthe labels on the globe in the ‘Globes’sectionandanswerthequestions.

2 Reviewtheworkofacartographerasaclass.Ask:How do cartographers get photos of the Earth? What do the cartographers do with this information?Ssexplain what a cartographer does to a partner.

3 Drawapictureofaglobeandamapontheboard.AskSs:What are the main features of a globe? Thenask:What are the main features of a map?Sscomplete theactivityintheirnotebooks.

1.4

Reinforcement• Insmallgroups,Sslookthroughanatlasandfinddifferenttypesofmaps.

Then,Sstaketurnstoreadoutadescriptionofoneofthemapsandguesswhich map it is.

Extension• SssearchtheInternettofindworldmapswhichgiveinformation,suchas

populationandscale,indifferentways,suchasMercatorandPeter’sProjection.Sscopyexamplesofthemapsandinformationandusethem tomakeaposter.Sspresenttheposterstotheclass. KEY COMPETENCES

Ssuseaglobetoshowdifferent features of the Earth.

Visual-spatial

intelligence

9

LEARN MORE1.6

1Parts of a map

Different parts of a map tell us about the land that it represents. On a map, there are labels, a key, a scale and a compass rose.

1.5

Labels. This is the text on the map. The text tells us the names of the places. On this physical map of Mallorca, the text also tells us the names of the features.

Maps have different parts: labels, a key, a scale and a compass rose.

The key. This is the box that explains the symbols and colours on the map.

The compass rose. A map shows the four points of the compass (North, South, East and West) with their initials N, S, E and W. It helps us to find different places.

es Malgrats

sa Dragonera

Bayof Palma

CapeCala Figuera

Bay of sa Ràpita

Conills/Conejera

Cape ses Salines

n'Amer Point

Bay of son Servera

Cape Ferrutx

Cape des PinarBay of PollençaCape Formentor

Cabod'Artrutx

Torre

ntde

Mur

o

Torr

ent n

aBo

rges

M e d i t e r r a n e a n

S e a

MENORCA

Sierra

de

Tram

untana

Si

errasdeL levant

MALLORCA

Bayof Alcúdia

CapdeperaPoint

Sierrade

Alfàb

ia

Sierra

T. de Sant MiquelPuig Major

1,436 m

el Toro362 m

Ciutadellade Menorca

Puig de Masanella1,365 m

Puig de Randa543 m

Puig deSant Salvador

510 m

Puig de son Morei561 md’ArtàMassif

deCalicant

Puig de Galatzó1,026 m

Calvià

Inca

Llucmajor

ManacorPalma

Sa Pobla

644537_U03_p008_h1_Baleares_�sico

N

S

EW

PLA

0−400400−1,000more than 1,000

Peaks

HEIGHT (metres)

CapitalCities

Scale0 850,000 cm

`

The scale. This is a line with numbers. The number on the right shows how many times the real distance is reduced on the map.

The scale is also used for calculating distance.

0 850,000This line shows the distance on

the map. It measures 1 cm.

This number shows the real distance. 1 cm of this map is equivalent to the real distance of 850,000 cm.

10 ten

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LEARN MORE1.6

1

Finding your way

A compass is a device that helps you to find your way. It shows the four points of the compass. ‘N’ is for North, ‘S’ is for South, ‘W’ is for West and ‘E’ is for East. A compass has a magnetic needle that always points North.

A GPS device also helps you to find your way. It shows a map on its screen, and it shows you exactly where you are. It also tells you how to get to where you want to go.

ACTIVITIES

1 WRITING. Write what you can see to the north, south, east and west of your school.

2 Find the city of Palma on the map on page 10. How does the map show it?

3 Look at this street map of Palma. What is its scale? How many times is the real distance reduced? How many times is the real distance reduced on the map on page 10?

4 THINK ABOUT IT. In which of the two maps can you see the streets? Why is this?

Paseo de la Ribamotorway

Jaume III Avenue

Conde de

Barcelona

Andrea

Avenue

Gabrie

l Roc

a Ave

nue

Marqués de La Senia

Paseo Marítimo

HARBOUR OF PALMA

Mediterranean Sea

Doria

Mallor

ca

Paseo

Sa FeixinaSquare

644537_U01_09_plano Palma

0 200,000 cm

644537_U01_09_plano Palma escala

N E

W S

1.7

N

N

E

S

W

eleven 11

To use a compass, hold it flat in your hand. Do not move. The magnetic needle points North.

Slowly turn the compass so that the needle and ‘N’ come together. You are now facing North.

The compass shows us the direction of the points of the compass.

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Objectives• To understand the scale on a map

• Torecognizedifferentsymbolson amapfromakey

• To learn how to find the way using a compass


compass rose, device, direction, height, initial, key, label, magnetic needle, point (n), scale, screen; face (v), hold, move, point (v), reduce, turn

Presentation• Drawarectangleontheboard.

Say:This represents the classroom. Ask:What features can I add? Elicitsomeexamples:desks,tables,bookcase,etc.Thenask:How can I represent the desks and tables? How can I represent windows and doors?

• Explain:When we draw maps, we represent different features using symbols.Givesomeexamplesfromtheclassroom:adesk=asmallsquare;achair=anarrowrectangle.Drawthemintherectangle on the board.

Practice• Say:Look at the map of Mallorca.

Ask:What type of map is it? (Physical.)Thenask:What physical features can you see on the map? (Mountains,theMediterranean, highlandandlowland.)How are mountains represented on the map?(Triangles.)

Play track 1.5. Sslistenandread.Ask:What can you find on a map? What information do labels give us?Askfurtherquestions:What feature explains the symbols and colours on a map? What is written on a compass rose? What is a scale?

1.5

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sstaketurnstoaskandanswerquestionsabouttheinformation

on the page.

Extension• Ssfindmapsthatusedifferentscales.Theyfindoutwhatscalesareused

fornationalmaps,regionalmapsandtownmaps.Thentheysuggestwhomight use the different maps.

10

LEARN MORE1.6

1

Finding your way

A compass is a device that helps you to find your way. It shows the four points of the compass. ‘N’ is for North, ‘S’ is for South, ‘W’ is for West and ‘E’ is for East. A compass has a magnetic needle that always points North.

A GPS device also helps you to find your way. It shows a map on its screen, and it shows you exactly where you are. It also tells you how to get to where you want to go.

ACTIVITIES

1 WRITING. Write what you can see to the north, south, east and west of your school.

2 Find the city of Palma on the map on page 10. How does the map show it?

3 Look at this street map of Palma. What is its scale? How many times is the real distance reduced? How many times is the real distance reduced on the map on page 10?

4 THINK ABOUT IT. In which of the two maps can you see the streets? Why is this?

Paseo de la Ribamotorway

Jaume III Avenue

Conde de

Barcelona

Andrea

Avenue

Gabrie

l Roc

a Ave

nue

Marqués de La Senia

Paseo Marítimo

HARBOUR OF PALMA

Mediterranean Sea

Doria

Mallor

ca

Paseo

Sa FeixinaSquare

644537_U01_09_plano Palma

0 200,000 cm

644537_U01_09_plano Palma escala

N E

W S

1.7

N

N

E

S

W

eleven 11

To use a compass, hold it flat in your hand. Do not move. The magnetic needle points North.

Slowly turn the compass so that the needle and ‘N’ come together. You are now facing North.

The compass shows us the direction of the points of the compass.

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UNIT 1

Learn more• Sslookatthepictures.Describe

what is happening.

Play track 1.6.Sslistenandread.Ask:What is a compass? What do the letters N, S, E and W mean?

Practice• Write these gapped sentences

ontheboard:To use a compass, hold . Slowly the compass so that the and come together. You are now North. Ssclosetheirbooksandcompletethe sentences.

Activities1 GivegroupsofSsacompass

each.Say:Find North, South, East and West.Reviewtheinstructionsasaclass.Sscompletetheactivity.

2 Inpairs,Sslookatthemaponpage10.Ask:What symbol is used for cities? What symbol is used for capital cities?

3 Reviewtheconceptofscale. Inpairs,Sscalculatehowmuch the real distance is reduced on the maps on pages 10 and 11.

Play track 1.7 oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcomparetheiranswers.

4 AskSs:What information do we get from the two maps? How are they different?

1.6

1.7

Reinforcement• Ssreadandrememberhowtouseacompass.Inpairs,theytaketurnsto

explain the process to each other.

KEY COMPETENCES

Ssinterpretsymbolsinakeyonamapandrecognizedifferent scales used in maps.

Values education• Ssthinkabouttheimportanceofbeingabletogivedirectionsaroundtown

to help people find their way.

Bodily-kinaesthetic

intelligence

11

1World maps

World maps represent the whole of the Earth’s surface: the oceans and the continents. 1

1.8

Oceans

Oceans are very large areas of salt water. They cover most of the Earth’s surface and they are connected. There are five large oceans:

The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean.

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean. Its water reaches the Spanish coast.

The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean.

The Arctic Ocean has very cold water. Sea ice forms.

The Antarctic Ocean also contains sea ice.

There are five oceans on Earth: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Arctic and the Antarctic.

Arctic Ocean

Antarctic Ocean

Indian OceanPacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Oceania

AsiaEurope

Africa

Antarctica

America

1 The Earth’s oceans and continents.

Find the oceans on the map and write which continents border each of them.

Which ocean is the furthest north? In the southern part of the map, is there a continent or an ocean? What is it called?

Which continents are connected?

Can you see all the oceans? Which ocean is divided into two parts on this map? Would it be divided on a globe? Explain.


Continents

Continents are large areas of land that rise out of the oceans. Continents take up a quarter of the Earth’s surface.

There are six continents: Asia, America, Africa, Europe, Oceania and Antarctica.

1.10

1.9

12 twelve

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1

Europe is the continent where Spain is.

Africa is the hottest continent.

America is the longest continent. It stretches almost from the North Pole to the South Pole.

There are six continents on the Earth: Asia, America, Africa, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.

Continents



1.10

ACTIVITIES

1 WRITING. What is a continent? And what is an ocean? Write definitions.

2 Answer the questions.

Which is the biggest ocean?

Which oceans have very cold water?

Asia is the largest continent.

Antarctica is covered in ice. It is so cold that nobody lives there.

Oceania is the smallest continent and it has lots of islands.

OCEANIA

EUROPE

AFRICAAMERICA

ASIA

ANTARCTICA

507304_U1_p11_Planisferio continentes

Which is the smallest continent?

Which is the longest continent?

thirteen 13

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Objectives• To find out what continents and

oceans are

• To learn the names and locations of the continents and oceans

• To learn how to read a world map


border, continent (Africa, America, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, Oceania), ocean (Antarctic, Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific), salt water; a quarter of, rise out of, so cold that, stretch

Presentation• Reviewthefeaturesofaglobe.Then

showSsaworldmap.Ask:How is the world map different to a globe?

Practice Play track 1.8. Sslistenandread.

Ask:Which ocean is the largest? What is in the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean? How many oceans are there? What are they?

• Write on the board or dictate these gappedsentences: America is between the and the . The

is in the Southern Hemisphere. The Arctic Ocean is in the Hemisphere. The is between Africa and Oceania. Europe and are connected. The continent the furthest south is .Inpairs, Ssusethemaptofillinthegaps.

Playtrack1.9 oftheClassAudio.Sslisten and compare their answers.

Work with the picture• Say:Look at the map.Reviewthe

names of the oceans and continents. Then,Sswritethenamesofthecontinents which border each ocean intheirnotebooks.

• AskSs:What is the furthest place north called? What is the name of the ocean?Ask:What is in the southern part of the map?

• Ask:Which continents are separate? Which continents are connected?

• Ask:Which ocean is divided into two parts on the map?

1.8

1.9

Reinforcement• Drawlinesrepresentingthelettersofthenameofacontinentorocean.

Sstaketurnstoguesstheletters.Giveanexample: . (Europe.)Inpairs,Sstaketurnstodrawandguessthelettersofnamesofcontinents and oceans.

Extension• SssearchtheInternettofindexamplesofmapsthathavethePacificOcean

in the middle and maps that show different continents and countries as differentsizes.Sstrytofindoutwhythesemapsaredifferent.Sspresenttheir research with presentation software such as PowerPoint.

12

1

Europe is the continent where Spain is.

Africa is the hottest continent.

America is the longest continent. It stretches almost from the North Pole to the South Pole.

There are six continents on the Earth: Asia, America, Africa, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania.

Continents



1.10

ACTIVITIES

1 WRITING. What is a continent? And what is an ocean? Write definitions.

2 Answer the questions.

Which is the biggest ocean?

Which oceans have very cold water?

Asia is the largest continent.

Antarctica is covered in ice. It is so cold that nobody lives there.

Oceania is the smallest continent and it has lots of islands.

OCEANIA

EUROPE

AFRICAAMERICA

ASIA

ANTARCTICA

507304_U1_p11_Planisferio continentes

Which is the smallest continent?

Which is the longest continent?

thirteen 13

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UNIT 1

Practice Play track 1.10. Sslistenand

read.Ask:What are continents? How many continents are there? Thenask:Which continent is the largest? Which continent is the hottest? Which continents are next to Europe?Ssanswerquestionsas a class.

Activities1 Reviewwhatacontinentisand

what an ocean is. Elicit and write keywordsontheboard(large area, land, rise out of; salt water, cover, most, Earth’s surface, connected).Inpairs,Sswritedefinitions using the prompts.

2 Reviewtheinformationabout theoceansandcontinents.Ask:Which continents are separate from the others? (Oceania and America.)Which ocean is the furthest north?(TheArcticOcean.)Sscompletetheactivityintheirnotebooks.

1.10

Reinforcement• Ssworkinpairs.Askthemtowritesixquestionsandanswersonstripsof

paper.Ssworkwithanotherpair.Theytaketurnstomatchthequestionswiththe correct answers.

Extension• Inpairsorsmallgroups,Ssfindoutaboutonecontinent.Askthemtodraw

amapoftheworld.Then,askthemtofindoutthelocationofcountriesandcapitalcitiesonthecontinentandmarkthemonthemap.Sssharetheirmaps with the class.

Visual-spatial

intelligence

13

Find your way with the map.

1 Look at this map of a summer camp. Imagine you have this map and a compass. Copy the map into your notebook.

2 Where is each picture explained? Use the information below, and draw these pictures in the correct places on your map:

a tree to the west of the tower a statue to the south of the lake

3 Draw this route on your map:

from the cabin to the bridge from the bridge to the tower

from the tower to the lake

4 Write which direction you have to take for each stage of Activity 3. Follow the example:

from the cabin to the bridge: South

5 Did you use a compass or a compass rose to help you? Why?

Calculate distances with the scale.

6 With a ruler, measure the distance between the tower and the mountains on the map. Calculate the real distance using the scale on the map. What is the real distance between the bridge and the lake?

KNOW HOW TO

Find your way and calculate distances with a map

Some small maps represent areas of the Earth on a much smaller scale.

KEY

bridge

cabin

tower

lake

N

W E

S

0 20,000 cm

14 fourteen

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1 SUMMARY. Copy and complete with these words:

physical – flat – compass – world maps – labels – globe

We can represent the Earth as a or on maps. Maps are pictures that represent parts of the Earth. show the whole of the Earth. Maps can be , political or thematic. On a map, there are , a key, a scale and a rose.

2 USE YOUR ATLAS. Trace the world map into your notebook. Then colour each continent in a different colour. Write the names of the continents and the oceans.

3 THINK ABOUT IT. Imagine you are going to travel around the world. Can you travel only by boat? Or only by car? Explain.

1FINAL ACTIVITIES

Show your skills

N

w E

S

1.11

fifteen 15

Choose one of these activities:

A. ICT. Choose a continent and make a poster about it. Search the Internet for a map of your continent and photos of its landscapes, cities, etc. Stick them on the poster.

B. Draw a map with mountains, a river and a cave. Think about a place to hide some treasure and mark it on the map. Do not forget to include a key.

C. Explain the differences between a globe and a world map.

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Objectives• Toapplyknowledgeacquiredin

theunittocarryoutatask

• To use simple compass directions and calculate distances using a map


bridge, cabin, distance, lake, statue, tower

Presentation• Sslookbackatthetextsabout

calculating distances using a scale (onpage10)andusingacompass(onpage11).Ask:What is the scale in the maps on pages 10 and 11?

• Sslookatthemap.Ask:What is the scale in this map?(1cm=20,000cm.)

• ExplaintoSsthatyoucandescribea route using a map and compass.

Practice• Copythemapandkeyonthe

board.Ask:Which symbol is the cabin? Which symbol is the bridge? Thenask:What is north of the bridge?Sscopythemapintotheirnotebooks.

• Ask:Where can I find out what the pictures mean?Thenask:What picture can we use for a statue? Ssdrawthepicturesonthemap.

• ReviewwhatN,S,EandWmean.Ask:Which direction do you take from the lake to the tower?(North.)Which direction do you take from the tower to the mountains?(West.)Readtheroutealoudwiththeclass.Sslistenandfollow.Ssdrawtheroute on their map.

• Explain that we can describe directions that are halfway between the main compass points with these words:north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west.

• Inpairs,Sswritethedirectionsforeachstageintheirnotebooks.

• Calculate the distances as a class.

Reinforcement• Ssworkinpairs.Askthemtomeasurethedistancesbetweenotherfeatures

on the map. Then they calculate the real distance using the scale.

Extension• Inpairs,SsfindamapofSpainortheirregion.Ssplanaroute.Theyfind

different places of interest on the map and calculate the distances. Then they write a short text describing the different places on the route and the distancesbetweeneachplace.Theypresenttheirworktotheclass.

Logical-mathematical

intelligence

14

1 SUMMARY. Copy and complete with these words:

physical – flat – compass – world maps – labels – globe

We can represent the Earth as a or on maps. Maps are pictures that represent parts of the Earth. show the whole of the Earth. Maps can be , political or thematic. On a map, there are , a key, a scale and a rose.

2 USE YOUR ATLAS. Trace the world map into your notebook. Then colour each continent in a different colour. Write the names of the continents and the oceans.

3 THINK ABOUT IT. Imagine you are going to travel around the world. Can you travel only by boat? Or only by car? Explain.

1FINAL ACTIVITIES

Show your skills

N

w E

S

1.11

fifteen 15

Choose one of these activities:

A. ICT. Choose a continent and make a poster about it. Search the Internet for a map of your continent and photos of its landscapes, cities, etc. Stick them on the poster.

B. Draw a map with mountains, a river and a cave. Think about a place to hide some treasure and mark it on the map. Do not forget to include a key.

C. Explain the differences between a globe and a world map.

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UNIT 1

Objectives• Torevisekeyvocabulary

and concepts from the unit

• TogiveSstheopportunitytoevaluatetheirownlearning

Key language • Keyvocabularyandstructures:

revisionofUnit1.

Presentation • Ask:What does the map show?

What are the continents? What are the oceans? What is in the bottom left corner of the map?(Acompassrose.)

Practice 1 Sscopythetextintotheir

notebooksandfillinthegaps.

Play track 1.11oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandchecktheiranswers.

2 Explain that to trace the map the correctwayround,Ssneedtotraceoverthemaponce,thenturnthetracingpaperover,traceoverthe lines carefully and then turn the paperbacksotherightsideisfacing them. Then they can trace themapintotheirnotebooks.

3 Sslookbackatthepagesonoceansandcontinents.Inpairs,theylookattheworldmapanduse their fingers to trace different routes.Ask:If you go by boat, which route will you take?

Show your skills • Readtheoptions.Makesurethe

Ssunderstandtheactivitiesandallthevocabulary.

• PuttheSsintogroupsaccording totheactivitytheywishtodo.

1.11

Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sswriteanagramsofkeywordsintheunit.Giveanexample:

haysclip amp.(Physicalmap.)Theyworkwithanotherpairandtaketurnstoworkoutthewords.

Extension• Inpairs,SsusemapsandtheInternettoplanaroutetotravelaroundthe

world.Theyneedtodecidewhichcountriestheyaregoingtovisit,whatplacesofinteresttheyaregoingtoseeandhowtheyaregoingtotravel. Ssfindoutwhichoceans,seas,continentsandcountriestheywillgothroughontheirjourney.Sspresenttheirjourneystotheclass.

KEY COMPETENCES

Ssunderstandhowscalerepresents real distance and use it to calculate distances on a map.

15

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