The Early Years of the War

A. Categorizing Use the chart below to take notes about who chose the Patriot side and who chose the Loyalist side.

Patriots Loyalists

• High numbers in N. England & Virginia

• N. Americans who lived near colonists

• African Americans who hoped independence would bring equality

• High numbers in S, NY state, & in cities

• N. Americans who feared Americans would take their land

• African Americans who believed British promises of freedom

June 1775 George Washington become the commander of the Continental Army.

Most men enlist for only one year.Washington’s army never numbered more than 17,000.Congress’s inability to

supply the army

Needed blankets, shoes, food and guns & ammunition.

“Could I have foreseen what I have, and am likely to experience, no consideration upon earth should have induced me to accept this command.”

--George Washington

Washington’s main goal was to survive. Keep the army in the field, win some battles—no matter how small– and avoid a crushing defeat. He knew he could not hope to win a major battle until he had a large, well-equipped army.

The American Crisis

By Thomas Paine

http://www.nps.gov/sara/index.htm

B. Analyzing Causes and Recognizing Effects As you read this section, write answers to the questions about each of the Revolutionary War battles listed below.

Who won? Why did they win? What were the impt. results?

New York

Trenton

Saratoga

British

Americans

Americans

Superior numbers

Took Hessians by surprise

St. Leger & Howe failed

to help Burgoyne, Americans surrounded

him

British occupied N. York

Americans retreated

American army gained needed supplies

Washington’s reputation rose

Army attracted new recruitsEuropean nations decided to help America

Benedict Arnold

B. Finding Main Idea Explain or define each of the following terms:

a country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal

Privateer-

Ally-

Chapter 7, Section 2 The War Expands Wbk. p. 23/p. 184

In 1776 Franklin signed the Declaration, and afterward sailed to France as an ambassador to the Court of Louis XVI.                                   The French loved Franklin. He was the man who had tamed lightning, the humble American who dressed like a backwoodsman but was a match for any wit in the world. He spoke French, though stutteringly. He was a favorite of the ladies. Several years earlier his wife Deborah had died, and Benjamin was now a notorious flirt.

In 1777, Lafayette purchased a ship, and with a crew of adventurers set sail for America to fight in the revolution against the British. Lafayette joined the ranks as a major general and was assigned to the staff of George Washington. He served with distinction, leading America forces to several victories.

The War Expands

1.Marquis de Lafayette

Categorizing Take notes about people who helped to win American Independence

2. Baron von Steuben

A young French nobleman who commanded an army division, fought in many battles, and persuaded the French King to send troops.

Baron von Steuben

Prussian soldier who knew a great deal about warfare and soldier training. He helped drill the American troops at Valley Forge during the terrible winter there.

The War Expands

1.Marquis de Lafayette

Categorizing Take notes about people who helped to win American Independence

2. Baron von Steuben

A young French nobleman who commanded an army division, fought in many battles, and persuaded the French King to send troops.

A German who trained Washington’s inexperienced army into a skilled fighting force.

No battle was fought at Valley Forge. Yet, it was an important point of the Revolutionary War. It was here that the Continental army was desperately against the ropes — bloody, beaten, battle-weary — and ready to quit. Even General Washington conceded, "If the army does not get help soon, in all likelihood it will disband."

Isaac Potts House, General

Washington’s headquarters at

Valley Forge

Valley Forge EncampmentA Winter of Suffering

"To see the men without clothes to cover their nakedness, without blankets to lie upon,

without shoes...without a house or hut to cover

them until those could be built, and submitting

without a murmur, is a proof of patience and

obedience which, in my opinion, can scarcely be

paralleled." George Washington at Valley Forge,

April 21, 1778

The British flag would not be raised above Fort Sackville on the morning of February 25, 1779. British Lieutenant-Governor Henry Hamilton and

his garrison marched out of the fort at 10 a.m. and surrendered to American Colonel George Rogers Clark.

The War Expands

3. George Rogers Clark

A frontiersman who led a force against the British at Kaskaskia & Vincennes,

securing the frontier for America

B. Finding Main Idea Explain or define each of the following terms:

a country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal

Privateer-

Ally-

a privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy’s merchant ships

Bonhomme Richard

3. George Rogers Clark

A frontiersman who led a force against the British at Kaskaskia & Vincennes,

securing the frontier for America

A sea commander who defeated the British warship, the Serapis, inspiring the American navy

4. John Paul Jones