The Dust Bowl Reasons? 100-125 Million Acres April 14, 1935 (Black Sunday) The Grapes of Wrath NRCS...
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Transcript of The Dust Bowl Reasons? 100-125 Million Acres April 14, 1935 (Black Sunday) The Grapes of Wrath NRCS...
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The Dust Bowl
• Reasons?• 100-125 Million Acres• April 14, 1935 (Black Sunday)• The Grapes of Wrath• NRCS• Conservation Methods?
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Judging Land
When judging land we look at clues that tell us how well the land can produce. These clues include: soil texture, depth, slope, degree of erosion, permeability, surface runoff and flood potential
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Describe Soil Texture?
• Soil texture refers to the size of the individual soil particles, called soil separates.– Sand– Silt– Clay
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Sand
• Sand has the largest particles of the three soil separates.
• Feels gritty• Allows for good water
drainage.• Not usually good for growing
crops– Nutrients are washed away
easily.
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Silt
• Silt is finer than sand• Feels powdery to the touch• Holds water and nutrients in the soil well,
making it a good texture for growing crops.
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Clay
• Clay is the smallest soil particles.• Very hard when dry • Sticky when wet.• Don’t allow water to penetrate or drain well,
making them less desirable for growing crops.
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Just how big are these soil particles?
• Sand 0.05-2.0 Millimeters• Silt 0.002-0.05 Millimeters• Clay 0.002-Lower
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What makes the best soil?
• Most soils are a combination of sand, silt, and clay.
• Soils that contain a mixture of:– 52% sand– 28-52% silt– 7-27% clay
• This mixture is called a loam and is ideal for crop production.
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Soil Texture Affects?
• Soil permeability– Water drains quickly through sandy soils – Water drains slowly through clay soils
• Water content • Pore size• Aeration• Root penetration
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Texture Classes
• Coarse• Moderately Coarse• Medium• Moderately Fine• Fine
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What is a soil profile?
• Soil profile is a vertical; cross-section of a soil that exposes all of the built-up layers it is made of. In the soil profile you can usually see distinct layers of soil. These are called soil horizons.
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Soil Depth
• Soil depth is the total thickness of surface and subsoil soil that is favorable for root development.
• Depth determines: amount of water, volume of soil available for root growth, and supply of nutreints
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Soil Depth
• Deep: 40 inches or greater• Moderately Deep: 20” to 40”• Shallow: 10” to 20”• Very Shallow: less than 10”
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Slope
• Slope factors water runoff, erosion, and use of farm machinery.
• Slope is the percentage of rise or fall over a 100-foot horizontal distance.
• 6 slope classes are recognized in Oklahoma Land Judging (CDE)
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Slope Classes
• Nearly Level: less than 1%• Gently Sloping: 1-3%• Moderately Sloping: 3-5%• Strongly Sloping: 5-8%• Steep: 8-15%• Very Steep: greater than 15%
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Erosion
• Soil erosion is the detachment and movement particles.
• Factors affecting erosion are water and air movement.
• Four erosion classes are recognized.
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Erosion Classes
• None to slight: less than 25% of the surface soil has been removed and no gullies are presents
• Moderate: 25-75% of the original surface soil is present. May have crossable gullies.
• Severe: more than 75% of the original surface soil has been removed. May have crossable gullies.
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Erosion Classes
• Very Severe: more than 75% of the original surface soil has been removed. Uncrossable gullies are present.
• Uncrossable Gullies: 6 inches deep X 12 inches across
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Permeability
• Refers to the movement of air and water through the soil profile.
• Subsoil Texture Permeability classes
Rapid- coarse textureModerate- moderately coarse/ mediumSlow- moderately fineVery- fine
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Surface Runoff
• Rate water is removed off the soils surface.• Slope
Surface Runoff classesRapid-greater than 3% Moderate- 1-3%Slow- 0-1%Very Slow- coarse texture subsoils
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Land Capability Classes
• I - suited cultivation, no limitations• II• III• IV• V - frequent flooding/ poor drainage• VI - grazing • VII - grazing• VIII – wildlife / recreaction
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Land Capability Class
• Classes I-IV are considered Cultivated
• Classes V-VIII are considered Non-Cultivated
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Recommended Land Treatments
• Vegetative
• Mechanical
• Fertilizer and Soil Amendments
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Field Card