Grapes of Wrath (the movie, 1940)
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Transcript of Grapes of Wrath (the movie, 1940)
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Grapes of Wrath Grapes of Wrath (the movie, 1940)(the movie, 1940)
• How would you describe their connection to the land?
• How did the economic system fail the Dust Bowl migrants?
• Why was it so difficult to assign responsibility?
• What kind of hardships did the Joads experience on the road?
• How did many “Okies” view California?
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Federal AidFederal Aid
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration • Hostility toward Mexican communities• Texas• New Mexico• Los Angeles, CA• Private charities overburdened• City work relief goes to whites
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GrowersGrowers
• Call for open border• U.S. Dept. of Agriculture • $38 million in federal monies had been
invested in irrigation projects • A devious plan
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The Mexican “Problem”The Mexican “Problem”
• Immigration Act of 1929 • President Hoover publicly denounces
Mexicans • Repatriations as a solution • William N. Doak, Secretary of Labor• Publicizing raids and scapegoating
Mexicans
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RepatriationRepatriation
• Local law enforcement • Sick and elderly • Texas• Los Angeles, January 6, 1931 • Scare-ahead tactics • La Placita Raid-Feb. 26, 1931 • Public space and psychological warfare
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Repatriation and the Mexican Repatriation and the Mexican Family Family
• U.S.-born children• climate of fear, few community resources• Mixups and screwups
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Consequences of RepatriationConsequences of Repatriation
• Economic impact• Immigration Bureau » Immigration and
Naturalization Service (1933) • FDR reviews repatriation • Banks hurt by repatriation • Mexicans emerge as the quintessential “illegal
alien” • dismal plight of Mexicans and Mexican
Americans • Disposal of human labor
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Labor Activism and the New DealLabor Activism and the New Deal
• National Industrial Recovery Act, 1933– Section 7A
• The Farm Bloc and the New Deal
• Workers in ag. vs. industrial workers
• Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1933
• National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) 1935 – National Labor Relations
Board
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Grapes of WrathGrapes of Wrath• John Steinbeck, 1939• Set during GD• Joad family driven off their farm• Dust Bowl reached Texas and Oklahoma, parts of New
Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas • Exacerbated economic depression• 100 million acres of land• By 1935, more than 500,000 Americans were left
homeless • 1934 and 1936 worst years• Migrate to California• “Okies”
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Great Strike of 1933Great Strike of 1933• 1929 and 1933, wages dropped from $3.50 to
$1.90 a day • Violence escalates-Oct. 10, 1933 • Strike receives national attention • Killings force gov’t. intervention • Growers resisting arbitration • Growers agree to federal mediation • Strikers refuse to return to work • Partial victory for strikers
– Accepted 75 cents/hour
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Pixley, California, Cotton Strike. Pat Chambers speaks to a crowd of strikers Pixley, California, Cotton Strike. Pat Chambers speaks to a crowd of strikers
during a rally.during a rally.
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Pixley Cotton Strike leader Caroline Decker, a Communist organizerPixley Cotton Strike leader Caroline Decker, a Communist organizer
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Pixley Cotton Strike. Procession (line) of trucks carrying strikers as a sort of Pixley Cotton Strike. Procession (line) of trucks carrying strikers as a sort of mobile picket line. First truck has a sign on side: "Join the Picket Lines; Don't mobile picket line. First truck has a sign on side: "Join the Picket Lines; Don't
Scab."Scab."
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John Steinbeck's John Steinbeck's In Dubious BattleIn Dubious Battle is a novel describing the Great Cotton Strike is a novel describing the Great Cotton Strike
of 1933 by farm workers in the California Central Valley.of 1933 by farm workers in the California Central Valley.
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Pixley, California, Cotton Strike, 1933. Overview of camp of evicted cotton Pixley, California, Cotton Strike, 1933. Overview of camp of evicted cotton
strikers.strikers.
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At the Pixley, California,Cotton Strike in 1933, eight armed farmers wait At the Pixley, California,Cotton Strike in 1933, eight armed farmers wait
to ambush strikers/unionizers as they cross over to the union hall.to ambush strikers/unionizers as they cross over to the union hall.
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Pixley, California, Cotton Strike, 1933. A line of men (possibly farm owners) Pixley, California, Cotton Strike, 1933. A line of men (possibly farm owners)
stands next to a long line of policemen, preparing for battle.stands next to a long line of policemen, preparing for battle.
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