The Digestive System The Functions of the Digestive System 1.Ingestion: when food enters the mouth...
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Transcript of The Digestive System The Functions of the Digestive System 1.Ingestion: when food enters the mouth...
![Page 1: The Digestive System The Functions of the Digestive System 1.Ingestion: when food enters the mouth 2.Digestion: when food is broken down 3.Absorption:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022072016/56649eec5503460f94bfd850/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Digestive System
The Functions of the Digestive System1. Ingestion: when food enters the mouth
2. Digestion: when food is broken down
3. Absorption: when the body absorbs nutrients from food
4. Elimination: when the body gets rid of wastes
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Digestion
• The process that breaks down food into small molecules so that they can be absorbed and moved into the blood.– Mechanical digestion: when food is chewed,
mixed and churned.– Chemical digestion: when chemicals break
down large molecules of food into smaller ones.
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Enzymes
• Types of proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction in your body– Amylase: made in the mouth.
• Breaks complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.
– Pepsin: made in the stomach• Breaks proteins down into amino acids.
– Pancreas: organ located behind the stomach• Releases several enzymes into the small intestine to
continue the break down of foods.
– Additional enzymes aid other important chemical reactions which are essential for numerous body functions.
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Parts of the Digestive System
Digestive Tract
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine
6. Rectum
7. Anus
Accessory Organs
1. Tongue
2. Teeth
3. Salivary
glands
4. Liver
5. Gallbladder
6. Pancreas
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Functions of the Digestive Organs
Body Part Function Extra Info
Mouth Mechanical & Chemical digestion begins here Contains saliva glands
Esophagus Muscular food that food passes though to stomach
Keeps food moist (25 cm long)
Peristalsis: waves of smooth muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
Stomach Muscular bag where mechanical and chemical digestion take place
Hydrochloric acid helps break down food and kill bad bacteria
Chyme: a thin, watery liquid that food is changed into after it has moved through the stomach
Small Intestine
Most digestion takes place in the duodenum, the first section of the small intestine
Fats are broken down and stomach acids are neutralized
Absorption of food into the body happens here
Peristalsis also continues here
Villi: Fingerlike projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine so nutrients have more places to be absorbed
Large Intestine
Absorbs water from undigested stuff
Helps with Homeostasis
Chyme can stay in here for as long as three days
Rectum & Anus
Control the release of semisolid wastes from the body as feces
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Functions of accessory organs
Body Part Function
Tongue Moves food around and mixes it with saliva
Teeth Crush food into smaller pieces. Responsible for mechanical digestion in the mouth
Salivary Glands
Supply saliva, which is a mix of water, mucus and an enzyme that breaks down starches into sugar. There are three sets of salivary glands near the mouth
Liver Produces bile, which breaks down large fat particles much like detergents break up grease
Gallbladder Stores bile and increases its potency before it released into the duodenum
Pancreas Produces enzymes and a digestive solution that contains bicarbonate ions, which neutralize stomach acid. Also produces insulin which allows glucose to diffuse into the body’s cells
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Bacteria are Important!• Live in the organs of
the digestive tract• Feed on undigested
materials and make vitamins like K (assists in clotting)
• Converts bile pigments into new compounds
• Breakdown on intestinal materials produces gas