The Digestive System A & P. 15.1 Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food *absorption of...
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Transcript of The Digestive System A & P. 15.1 Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food *absorption of...
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The Digestive System
A & P
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15.1
Functions: mechanical and
chemical breakdown of food
*absorption of nutrients
Consists of alimentary canal
and accessory organs
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Wall of the Alimentary Canal
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Characteristics of the Canal
1. Mucosa - protects tissues and carries absorption
2. Submucosa - glands, blood vessels, nerves
3. Muscular Layer - smooth muscle tissue, circular & longitudinal fibers, pushes food (PERISTALSIS)
4. Serosa (serous layer) - visceral perioneum, outer covering of the tube, lubricates surfaces (serous fluid)
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Mixing Movements
Contractions mix food
with digestive juices
Peristalsis - pushes food
down the tube
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Anatomy of the Mouth
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Anatomy of a Tooth
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Teeth
Incisors
Cuspid (canine)
Bicuspids
Molars
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Tooth Decay
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METH MOUTH
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Salivary Glands Parotid - ear, cheekSubmandibular - below jawSublingual - under tongue
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Pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
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Esophagus
esophageal hiatus is where it penetrates the diaphragm cardiac sphincter at entrance to stomach
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STOMACH MUSCLES: Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique
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Stomach
Regions
•Cardiac•Fundic•Body (greater and
lesser curvature)•Pyloric
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Stomach Lining
Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food - secreted by gastric glands
PEPSIN - most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food
Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself
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Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve
Rugae - folds within stomach
Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices
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PANCREAS - secretes insulin which breaks down sugars
Pancreatic Juice also breaks down fat
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Liver
1 large right lobe | 1 smaller left lobe
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Liver - ducts and vessels
Hepatic duct --> to common bile duct
Hepatic portal vein - circulates blood throughout liver
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Liver Functions1. blood glucose levels2. breakdown of lipids and fats3. protein metabolism4. stores vitamins5. destroys damaged RBCs6. removes toxins7. secretes bile
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Remember Bili Lights?
Using bili lights is a therapeutic procedure performed on newborn or premature infants to reduce elevated levels of bilirubin. If blood levels of bilirubin become too high, the bilirubin begins to dissolve in the body tissues, producing the characteristic yellow eyes and skin of jaundice.
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Gall Bladder - under liver cystic duct --> common bile duct stores bile, digests fat *gallstones may form
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Small Intestine
Starts at the pyloric
sphincter
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
*Mesentery
Membrane holds it
together, contains
blood vessels
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Greater Omentum
a "curtain-like" membrane that covers the intestines, stores fat and lays like a drape
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Greater Omentum
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Intestinal villi - increase surface area to absorb nutrients, connect to vessels
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The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream. In one word:
ABSORPTION
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Large Intestine
Cecum
Appendix
Colon (4 parts)
Cecum
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus
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Function of Large IntestineSecretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion (intestinal flora)
Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food
The main job is WATER REABSORPTION...
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LABEL THIS!
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1. esophagus2. liver3. stomach4. pyloric sphincter5. duodenum6. pancreas7. jejunum8. ileum9. cecum10. appendix11. ascending colon12. descending colon13. sigmoid colong14. anus
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Nutrition
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Disorders of the Digestive System
GERD
Gastroesophageal
reflux disease
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Dysentery or Diarrhea
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HEPATITIS A, B, C
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Hepatitis A
is caused by eating food and drinking water infected with a virus called HAV. While it can cause swelling and inflammation in the liver, it doesn't lead to chronic disease. Almost everyone who gets hepatitis A has a full recovery, some may need hospitalizationMany people are recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine, including people at increased risk for exposure to hepatitis A virus infection and people who are more likely to get seriously ill if infected with the virus
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Hepatitis B is caused by the virus HBV. It is spread by contact with an infected person's blood, semen, or other body fluid. And, it is a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
Some people never develop symptoms, others develop chronic symptoms that stay with them their whole life.
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Hepatitis C is caused by the virus HCV. It is spread the same way as hepatitis B, through contact with an infected person's blood, semen, or body fluid (see above). Like hepatitis B, hepatitis C causes swelling of the liver and can cause liver damage that can lead to cancer. Most people who have hepatitis C develop a chronic infection. This may lead to a scarring of the liver, called cirrhosis.
Blood banks test all donated blood for hepatitis C, greatly reducing the risk for getting the virus from blood transfusions or blood products.
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Crohn’s Disease
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IBS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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STOMACH ULCERS
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Lactose Intolerance Inability to digest milk, can cause stomach upset
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Appendicitis
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Hernia
intestines poke through abdominal muscles
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When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi
Without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished, no matter how much food one eats.
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Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
Gallstones are made from cholesterol and other things found in the bile. They can be smaller than a
grain of sand or as large as a golf ball.
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Gastric Bypass Surgery
http://www.hurtbyadoctor.com/Gastric-Bypass-Surgery-Malpractice-Lawsuits-Information-Home.htm
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Colon Cancer
Colonoscopy is a screening technique to detect cancer.
See Katie Couric's Colonoscopy