CHAPTER 25The Depression and F.D.R.

The Great Depression

The Stock Market crashed, 1929

Worst thing to happen in the U.S. since the Civil War

Stock Exchange

buying and selling shares/stock

Buying on Margin

Paying a little and borrowing the rest

Lay away

Black Thursday, Oct. 24, 1929

When investors sold shares at prices way less than they had paid for them

Why?

The Great Depression The economic

crisis of 1929 Many factors

caused the depression

Not just the Stock Market

Cause and Effect

CAUSES EFFECTS

Farmers income shrank

Industry declined People were

spending less money 75% of families were

already in poverty

Farmers got poorer Fewer goods were

sold Less money to be

made There were tons of

poor and very few rich

Credit Crisis

Farmers couldn’t pay their debts

Banks lost money If you had money

saved in a bank- it was lost

Poor and Homeless

25% of all people were out of work

People had to eat in soup kitchens- shelters

Hoovervilles

Named after President Hoover

Small camps made up of homeless families

Hoover’s Response

There is nothing the Government can do to help the needy

Have a nice day

Relief

Aid for those who need it

Food Water Shelter

Public Works

Creating jobs by rebuilding roads, libraries, schools, and parks

This was the Public Works Administration

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Lent money to businesses so they could re-start

Most of the loans were too hard to get

Bonus Army

The Government promised $1000 to every WWI veteran

They marched on Washington to get it

They didn’t get their money

So some left Some camped

out and waited The Army made

them leave

So the Army came

MACARTHUR EISENHOWER

Chapter 25 Section 2 – Roosevelt’s New Deal

Roosevelt and The New Deal

Pledged to fix the problem

Roosevelt beat Hoover

Got polio in 1921

Became President in 1932

Eleanor Roosevelt

Niece of Theodore Roosevelt

The country loved her

The Brain Trust

Roosevelt’s advisors

Developed relief programs for the nation

Fear This

Restoring Confidence

Roosevelt closed all banks for 4 days

The Emergency Banking Relief Act

People deposited their money in banks again

Fireside Chats

There were more radios than T.V.’s

Roosevelt had regular radio shows

The Hundred Days

Special session for Congress that approved all 15 of Roosevelt’s proposals

Confidence in the Government was restored

The New Deal takes Shape

All the new laws passed during the first 100 days

Jobs and Relief

Work relief programs

Government jobs for needy people

Civilian Conservation Corps

CCC Jobs that

benefited the Public

Trees, roads, levees, National Parks

Federal Emergency Relief Admin.

Gave the states money to give to the needy

Agriculture Adjustment Act

AAA Raise farm

prices Control

production Supply and

Demand

Subsides

Grants of money

Farmers made 50% more money

Tennessee Valley Authority

T.V.A. Aimed to

control flooding

Brought electricity to rural areas

Built Hydroelectric Dams

Tennessee River

Flooded a lot Destroyed crops

and homes Once built, it

stopped the flooding and provided electricity

Dams Kept the Water Away

Dams created lakes Saved homes and

farms Lets go fishing

NRA

National Recovery Administration

establish minimum wage

made child labor laws

Public Works Administration

PWA Built things

that the Public could use

Shipyards, Schools, Hospitals, City Halls

FDIC Federal Deposit

Insurance Corps Promised to

give your money back if a bank closed

Securities and Exchange Commission

Regulated the sale of stocks and bonds

Assessing the New Deal

WAS IT SUCCESSFUL?

Section 3

Life during the Depression

How to survive during the Depression

Families all lived together They stopped having kids More kids went to school More teachers were needed

Women go to Work

Moms made clothes, cooked food for sale

Ran boarding houses, and baby sat

Went to work for less money

.75 Cent an hour

Francis Perkins

First women ever to serve on a cabinet

Hattie Caraway

First woman to be elected to the U.S. Senate

The Dust Bowl

Severe drought dried out the dirt killing crops

The winds came and blew dust in the air

The “Plains” states became the Dust Bowl

Migrant Farmers

Out of work farmers from the Dust Bowl region

Found work in California

Harvesting fruits and vegetables

Minority Plight

African Americans Native Americans Hispanic Americans

African Americans

½ were out of work They went north to

the big cities They quit farming

and went to work in factories

Indian Reorganization Act

Restored the rights of tribal governments

Gave them money to buy land

Hispanic Americans

Politicians demanded they be deported

More than 500,000 left the U.S.

Radical Groups

Quick and extreme change

Communism sounded good

Socialism did too

Fascists

Dictatorship Government first People second Italy and Germany Mussolini and Hitler

Spanish Civil War

1936 The government of

Spain was attacked by fascists

Italy and Germany were happy

Entertainment

LONE RANGER SUPERMAN

At the Movies

GRAPES OF WRATH GONE WITH THE WIND

Images of the Times

NATIVE SON LET US NOW PRAISE FAMOUS MEN

Margaret Bourke-White

Chapter 25

Section 4 – Effects of the New Deal Cause and Effect

The Liberty League

Wanted to defend and uphold the Constitution

Conservative views on Big Government

Charles Coughlin

Anti Roosevelt Addressed families

on the radio

Francis Townsend

Supported an early form of Social Security

Pension

Payments to older people

Huey Long

Wanted to tax the rich

Give every American 2,500 a month

And a house Assassinated in

1935

Second New Deal

Roosevelt's second set of reforms to fix the Great Depression

Works Progress Administration

WPA Led by Harry

Hopkins Built and repaired

roads, airports, and bridges

Social Security Act

Taxed workers Provided a monthly

pension for retired people

Unemployment Insurance

Payments to people who lost their jobs

John L. Lewis

Head of the United Mine Workers

Election of 1936

ROOSEVELT ALFRED LANDON

Supreme Court size increases

FDR increased the size from 9 to 15

Roosevelt packed the court with his supporters

The democratic party splits

Those who opposed Roosevelt split off

Roosevelt Recession

Roosevelt tried to make the party happy

He cut public funds for jobs

It went bad - quick

End of The New Deal

Roosevelt turned his eyes to Europe and Asia

What was about to Happen?

The end of Chapter 25