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WWII Causes
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mid-1920s with the worldwide overproduction of farm products resulting lower prices and profits for
farmers.October, 1929 the U.S. stock market
“crashed,” investors panicked, pulled their money out of Europe,
World Widesold their U.S. stocks at cut-rate prices, banks closed, industry declined, unemployment & numbers of homeless
The Great Depression
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Lost Faith in DemocracyDiscouraged masses began following
dictatorial political leaders who offered “simple solutions” to problems.Germany- Weimar Republic collapsed
Totalitarianism rose
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How does a bad economy allow dictators to rise to power?
Discuss
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Benito Mussolini became dictator of Italy as head of the Fascist Party pro-militarism, one-party rule, single leader, patriotic and nationalistic
RISE OF TOTALITARIAN REGIMES
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Mussolini formed bands of armed Fascists (squadristi, Blackshirts) to attack Socialist Groups
Extreme Right WingMiddle class industrialists &
large landowners supported Mussolini.
His rise to Power
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Fascists threatened to march on Rome, so King Victor Emmanual III made Mussolini the
prime minister.“Il Duce” created a dictatorship that suspended
freedom of the press, made laws by decree, had one-party rule, gave police unrestricted authority
March on Rome- Mussolini Takes Power
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What are some Fascist Ideals?
White Board
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fascist youth groups was to create a new generation fit, disciplined and militaristic.
Schools pushed propaganda.
traditional roles of women as homemakers and mothers.
Italian Fascist Goals
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Lateran Accords = Catholicism as theofficial state religion. In return the pope urged Italians to support the Fascists.
Church & State United
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After Lenin Death 1924 power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin
Stalin Takes power in 1928
Stalin in Soviet Union
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1928 started first Five-Year Plan
(economic goals for five-year periods.)
It emphasized maximum production of arms, capital goods, oil & steel production.
Joseph Stalin’ (man of steel.)
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quest for power and paranoid personality led him to remove all opponents
Eight million Russians were arrested forced to confess sent to labor camps (gulags) and/or executed.
Great Purge
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Write 2 similarities and differences between Stalin and Mussolini
White Board
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He was an ultra-nationalist (German “master race of Aryans”), anti-Semitic racist, anti-communist, militaristand expansionist
Gifted orator who effectively used the political party, propaganda and terror.
HITLER- Germany
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Early uprising crushed Hitler was imprisoned,
wrote Mein Kampf, which explained the Social Darwinian theory of struggle and the right of Germans to lebensraum(living space).
Starts the Nazi Party
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After prison, he greatly expanded his party’s membership throughout Germany.
By 1932, the Nazis were largest political party in the Reichstag.
Unemployment and depression made extremists more popular. Right-wing elites looked to Hitler.
Nazi Party Grows
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What allowed Hitler to take full power legally?
White Board
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1933, Pres Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor.
Reichstag building was burned and a communist blamed.
“legal seizure”of govt. with Enabling Act.
Government jobs were purged of Jews and communists.
Concentration camps created for opponents
Hitler rise to power(Review from Weimar)
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Hindenburg died in 1934, presidency abolished & Hitler became dictator.
Public required to pledge total loyalty to him as “Fuhrer.”
Nazi goal was create a totalitarian Aryan racial state of the Third Reich
Hitler Becomes Dictator
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Nuremberg Laws excluded Jews from German citizenship, from marriage to Gentiles and were required to wear yellow Stars of David.
Attacking Jews
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burned synagogues, destroyed Jewish businesses,
Jews were barred from public transportation, buildings, schools, hospitals & prohibited from owning or working in stores.
Kristallnacht
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Why did Hitler start promoting anti-Semitic views as opposed to going straight into the Holocaust
Discuss
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1935 creation of the Luftwaffe (air force), thedraft and expansion of the army from 100,000 to 550,000 troops.
sent troops into the demilitarized Rhineland.
Britain began policy of appeasement.
League of Nations weak failed to enforce restrictions of Versailles
Hitler defies Versailles
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In 1935, he invaded Ethiopia & was condemned
by Western powers, LoN does nothing
Italy becomes Aggressive
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What are some things that made the L o N so weak?
White Board
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In 1936, Germany & Italy helped Francisco Franco win Spanish Civil War and started an alliance, the Rome-Berlin Axis.
AXIS Alliances are formed
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General Francisco Franco overthrew the republican govt. w. the help of the fascist regimes of Italy & Germany and set up a dictatorship which supported clergy and the rich.
The Soviets and international volunteers unsuccessfully aided the republicans.
Spanish Civil War(Review)
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(Review)Spain became testing ground for new
weapons & strategies of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force.) Pablo Picasso’s painting of “Guernica” reflected the suffering caused by the bombings.
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In 1938, Hitler forced the Austrian chancellor to put Nazis in power.
New govt. “invited” German troops in &Hitler annexed Austria
Anschluss
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Hitler demanded the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia.) Given this land by Western Nations
appeased Hitler in return for his promise to not make more demands.
British PM Neville Chamberlain called it “peace for our time.”
1939, Hitler took Western Czechoslovakia Eastern portion was turned into the “puppet
state” of Slovakia
Munich Conference:
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to Parliament after Czechoslovakia’s betrayal at the Munich Conference:
“We are in the presence of a disaster of the first magnitude… And do not suppose that this is the end. This is only the beginning…”
Winston Churchill’s warning
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What lands did Hitler take and how did he justify the taking of each?
Discuss
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After Hitler demanded port city of Danzig, Britain promised to protect new independent country of Poland from Nazi aggression.
Hitler wants Poland
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Fearful of a two-front war, Hitler signed the peace alliance with USSR
Stalin was promised control of east Poland and the Baltic states
September 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland. Britain & France declared war. WWII had begun!
Nazi-Soviet Pact
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September 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland. Britain & France declared war.
WWII had begun!
https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=14FFB7FA0079CDF3!369&authkey=!AOPh91WNaZKzC3Q&ithint=video%2cmp4
Invasion of Poland