The CUTE Project in STCP
Transcript of The CUTE Project in STCP
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
Rocha Teixeira
The CUTE project in STCP
STCP’s Short history
• 1872 – First line with American cars
• 1878 – Use of steam power traction
• 1895 – 1ª line with electric tramway in all Iberian Peninsula
• 1904 – End of animal traction
• 1914 – End of steam traction
• 1948 – Begin of buses utilization
• 1959 – Begin of trolley buses utilization
• 2000 – Begin of CNG buses utilization
• 2003 – Test of Fuel Cell buses
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
Porto Metropolitan AreaPorto Metropolitan Area
Demography:
MATOSINHOS
PORTO
VALONGO
GONDOMAR
GAIA
inhabitants/Ha]0,10]
]10,30]
]60,100]
]30,60]
>100
Total Population1,256 (103)
PÓVOA DOVARZIM
VILA DOCONDE
MAIA
ESPINHO
PASSENGERS
109 million
VEHICLE-KILOMETRES TRAVELLED
30 million
NET REVENUE FROM TRAFFIC
46.7 million Euros
The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresActivityActivity
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
AREA COVERED 6 Councils52 Communities
NETWORK KM 533
STOPS 2,712
NUMBER OF LINES 83
Buses 80Trams 3
The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresNetworkNetwork
NUMBER OF VEHICLES 501Buses 493Trams 8
TOTAL STAFF ATDECEMBER 31ST, 2007 1,645
EQUITY CAPITAL 79.6 million Euros
INVESTMENTS 25 million Euros
The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresResourcesResources
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
Bus fleet - 493 Standard buses - 463 (225 CNG buses) Articulated buses - 30 (CNG buses)
Annual diesel consumption - 6,9 million litres (2007)
Annual NG consumption - 9,1 million m³ (2007)
The Company in FiguresThe Company in FiguresBus FleetBus Fleet
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The use of hydrogenThe CUTE project
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� Lack of field experience with fuel cell systems and electric engines in mobile applications
� Operability of on-site hydrogen production facilities and referring high pressure filling stations
� Country specific certification of fuel cell systems and high pressure hydrogen storage systems
� Acceptance tests of the new technology and of hydrogen as a fuel
Why – CUTE: Needs for the Fuel Cell Technology
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CUTE
� Public transportation:
StockholmLondonAmsterdamLuxembourgHamburgStuttgartPortoBarcelonaMadrid
� EU� BP, Shell, ...� DC/EvoBus� and many more
ECTOS
� Icelandic NewEnergy
� EU� Shell, � NorskHydro� DC/EvoBus� and many more
Vision: Clean and quiet urban transport.
Each city is operating three
Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell Citaro
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
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ECTOS
� Icelandic NewEnergy
� EU� Shell, � NorskHydro� DC/EvoBus� and many more
CUTE� 9 Public
transportationagencies
� BP, Shell, ...� DC/EvoBus� and many more
� Western AustralianGovernment
� BP, BOC� Path Transit� DC/EvoBus� and many more
STEP
Perth
� CICETE/MOST� UNDP� BP� DC/EvoBus� and many more
BeijingFC Trial
Beijing
Vision: Clean and quiet urban transport.
Each city is operating three
Mercedes-Benz Fuel Cell Citaro
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The CUTE partners companies
DaimlerChrysler
Ballard Power Systems
Shell Hydrogen
bp
HHA Hamburg
TMB Barcelona
EMT Madrid
GVB Amsterdam
London Transport
AVL Luxembourg
SSB StuttgartSL Stockholm
STCP PortoINE ReykjavikNorsk Hydro
First Group
HamburgerElektrizitätswerke
Busslink
MilieudienstAmsterdam
EvoBus
EvoBus
Environment & Health Protection
agency
Xcellsis
NeckarwerkeStuttgart
Air Liquide
Gas Natural
Fortum
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
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Hydrogen Supply Pathways in CUTE, ECTOS and STEP
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Time Schedule: CUTE / ECTOS and STEP
2001
EndSTEP
Testbus
Delivery
Integration of FC in Citaro
18 Month FC-Tests
FCE-Assembly
Decision aboutmain capital invest(infrastructure, buses)
Demonstration phase H2 generation & filling station
ContractSignature
Delivery 1 st. FC CitaroUITP Congress, Madrid
2002 2003
I III IV I II III IV I II III IVII I II III IV
2004 2006
I II III IV
2005
I II III
Delivery 3 FC Citaroto Western Australia
EC-Decision
Assembly
IV
EndEurope
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
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Fuel Cell PrinciplesH2 - Hydrogen
Anode(-)
O2 -Oxygen
Catalyst
Cathode(+)
H2
Steam
ElectronsProtons
Catalyst Electrolyt (PEM Slide)
O2
H2O
H2 + 1/2 O2 -> H2O + Heat + Electric power
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Citaro Fuel Cell Bus -Technical Design
Webasto AirCondition Unit
Ballard FuelCell Supply Unit
Dynetek Composite Hydrogen Tanks (350
Bar, 40 kg H2,Al-Liner, Carbon Fibre)
Auxiliary ComponentsSaminco Power Inverter, etc.
Ballard Fuel Cell Modules(> 125 kW fc gross power each)Modine Convection Cooler Unit
RoulandElectric Motor
DaimlerChrysler PTUdistribution gearcase
ZF Automatic Transmission
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One of each city‘s fuel cell bus
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Porto fuel cell bus
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Natural Gas Bus
Diesel Euro 3 busFuel Cell Bus
Porto
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sitekm/h
(per bus)
Amsterdam 18,7
Barcelona 10,3
Hamburg 16.9
London 10.3
Luxembourg 13,6
Madrid 11,0
Porto 9,5
Reykjavik 16,3
Stockholm 9,8
Stuttgart 13,2
Fuel Cell Bus Program TOTAL KILOMETERS
17%
14%
5%13%14%
9%
11%
7%4% 6%
Madrid
Hamburg
Barcelona
Reykjavik
Stuttgart
Luxembourg
Amsterdam
Stockholm
Porto
London
Fuel Cell Bus Program TOTAL HOURS
20%
10%
7%11%13%
9%
8%
9%6% 7%
Madrid
Hamburg
Barcelona
Reykjavik
Stuttgart
Luxembourg
Amsterdam
Stockholm
Porto
London
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
BAR POR MAD LON LUX HAM AVE STO REY STU AMS
Km
City
Monthly mileage per bus
Survey by the cities
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Amsterdam Barcelona Hamburg Stockholm Madrid Stuttgart Lo ndon Luxembourg Porto
buses in operation since 14-12-2003 24-11-2003 16-09-2003 07-01-2004 19.06./07.08./01.10.
03
05-11-2003 13-01-2004 October '03 04-02-2004
passengers satisfied with buses
very well very well quite well very well very well very well very well very well very well
feedback from local media
ambivalent very positive
rather positive
very positive
rather positive
from rather negative to
very positive
very positive rather positive
very well
feedback from opinion leaders and decision makers
hardly any yet
positive rather positive
very positive
hardly any yet
if any, rather positive
very positive rather positive
very positive
Feedback from the public
On a “good” day up to 10.000 passengers drive on the 33 Fuel Cell Citaro
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Rocha Teixeira
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� steam reformers displayed considerable start-up problems;
� were expected because these are both prototypes; problems overcome meanwhile
� several issues with compressors of various suppliers and types;
� most serious: perforation of a diaphragm and dilution of bus gas cylinders
� refuelling algorithms had to be fine-tuned at several sites (software / parameter adjustments)
Experiences with H 2 Infrastructure (I)
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Experiences with H 2 Infrastructure (II)
� problems with the refuelling nozzles; sorted out in co-operation with the component manufacturer
� operators are on the whole satisfied with their hydrogen supply installations (despite problems at single sites)
� difficulties that have occurred so far mainly considered as “teething problems”
� operators are satisfied with hydrogen-related adapt ations of the workshops
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H2 supply performance
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
AMS ELEC LUX TRAI POR TRAI STU GASR AVE HAM ELEC PER TRAI REY ELEC STO ELEC MAD GASR
supply system
ratin
gs
Engineers' competence Speed of trouble shooting and solving Reliability
Survey by the cities
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Filling station reliability
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
AMS LUX POR STU AVE HAM PER STO LON MAD REY
ratin
gs
Survey by the cities
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Rocha Teixeira
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Alenquer
LINDE Factory
Porto
STCP line
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Hydrogen e.g:
Trailer,
Steam-Reformer,
Elektrolyzer
H2 7 - 20 bar
300 bar
Hydrogen storage
H2-Compressor
300 bar Bufferbundle
Dispenser
7-20 bar150 - 300 m3/ h
300 bar
150 - 300 m3/h
Bundle-Filling
Essential parts of the GH2-Fillingstation
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Rocha Teixeira
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H2 by e.g.:
Trailer,
Steam-Reformer,
Elekrtolyzer
H2 7 - 20 bar
250 - 300 bar
High-Booster operation
Booster-Operation
250 - 300 bar438 bar, 85°C
= 350 bar, 15°C
7 - 20 bar
150 - 300 m3/h
250 - 300 bar~ 3000 m3/h
300 bar
150 - 300 m3/h
250 - 300 bar
~ 3000 m3/h
438 bar
max 85 °C
Hydrogen-Filling by Bundle (250 - 300 bar)
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Porto filling station
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• The Fuel Cell Citaro receives a very positive feed back from both the transport companies and the passengers
• Initial problems with some vehicle components have been solved
• The Fuel Cell stacks showed very high reliability
• Decentralised hydrogen production facilities have to be improved(cheaper and more reliable) and the high pressure refuelling station need to be further developed
• “Prepare the administration/certification bodies for the hydrogentechnology”
• The complete power train of alternative driven vehicles still needs substantial efforts to gain equivalent „automotive reliability“ like actual Diesel driven vehicles
Summary / Outlook
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The CUTE, ECTOS and STEP Team
STCP
Rocha Teixeira
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For more information about the CUTE project
Visit our Web-Site:
www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com
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Thank you for your attention !