THE CURRENT STATE AND POTENTIAL OF ORNAMENTAL FISH PRODUCTION

IN PERI-URBAN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

Dr. Le Thanh Hung, Dr. Vu Cam LuongNg Thanh Tam, Ph Ngoc Tam, B.T.P. Thao, Thanh Truc

ORNAMENTAL FISH IN HO CHI MINH CITY

• HCMC is the leading producer and largest market in VN• > 200 grow-out households, 19 million fish in 2004• >100 ornamental fish stores• Export > 3 million fish, value 4 million USD per year• Expected 10-15 million USD exporting in 2010• Import 48,963 fish in 2004

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT

• The first ornamental fish stores started in 1945 in LXT market • Growing faster since 1967, and fastest during 1972-1974, with

import-export activities• During 1975-1980s: no market and less demand• Since 1989: to rehabilitate rapidly• Since 2003: growing steadly

Ornamental fish culture in Ho Chi Minh City in 2005

Production:34.4

millions fish

Income: 12.8

billions VND

(0.8 million USD)

CenterDist. 53 HHs

0.09 mil.fish/yrDist. 830 HHs

7.2 mil.fish/yr

Go Vap10 HHs

0.9 mil.fish/yr

Dist.1224 HHs

1.6 mil.fish/yr

Cu Chi8 HHs

16 mil. fish/yr

Hoc Mon6 HHs

2.8 mil.fish/yr

Binh Chanh6 HHs

0.8 mil.fish/yr

Ornamental fish culture in Ho Chi Minh City

Ornamental fish culture systems

CEMENT TANK

HAPA

AQUARIUM TANK

POND

92.5%

47.5%

32.5%

47.5%

Years of experience of farmers

12.510

45

32.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

> 30 11-30 5-10 <5years

%

Income (ornamental fish culture / total income) = 84.5%

Distribution channel from farms

MIDDLEMEN/COLLECTORS

CONSUMERS

EXPORTERS

STORES

75%

25%

62.5%

10%

PCA in Ward 15, District 8

PCA meeting was carried out on 19 Aug 2005PCA meeting was carried out on 19 Aug 2005Participants: 18 ornamental fish growParticipants: 18 ornamental fish grow--out farmers, age: 32out farmers, age: 32--6060This is the original place where ornamental fish started in SaigThis is the original place where ornamental fish started in SaigononThere was around 30 ornamental fish farms in the area, producingThere was around 30 ornamental fish farms in the area, producing 7.2 7.2 millions fingerlings per year, value 3.6 billion VND per yearmillions fingerlings per year, value 3.6 billion VND per year

RESOURCES MAPPING

Dist. 8

Periurban of HCMCPeriurban of HCMCRiver and canal River and canal systems, less systems, less polluttionpolluttionTap and well watersTap and well watersInfrastructure in Infrastructure in average conditionaverage conditionBusiness activitiesBusiness activitiesAgricultural activity: Agricultural activity: water spinachwater spinachOrnamental fish Ornamental fish production: main production: main activity, good activity, good distribution channel to distribution channel to the citythe city

Problems ranking in District 8

20.427.4

90

20.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

%

Capital Technique Seed Water source

PCA in Ward 17, Go Vap District

The second PCA meeting was carried out on 24 Aug 2005The second PCA meeting was carried out on 24 Aug 2005Participants: 20 ornamental fish growParticipants: 20 ornamental fish grow--out farmers, age: 21out farmers, age: 21--5555This is the new culture area, started since 1996 in smallThis is the new culture area, started since 1996 in small--scalescaleDuring 2000During 2000--2005, production in larger scale, around 102005, production in larger scale, around 10--15 ornamental 15 ornamental fish farms in the area, producing 1 million fingerlings per yearfish farms in the area, producing 1 million fingerlings per year, value , value 0.34 billion VND per year0.34 billion VND per year

RESOURCES MAPPINGGo Vap Dist.

Residental area Residental area nearby the city centernearby the city centerRiver and canals, but River and canals, but polluttedpolluttedTap and well watersTap and well watersGood infrastructureGood infrastructureBusiness activitiesBusiness activitiesAgricultural activities: Agricultural activities: vegetables, vegetables, floriculture, livestockfloriculture, livestockOrnamental fish Ornamental fish production, and production, and distribution channel to distribution channel to the citythe city

Problems ranking in Go Vap District

32

2422 21

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

%

Output Capital Culturetechnique

Breeding

ORNAMENTAL FISH MARKETS

Mobile ornamental fish venderMobile ornamental fish venderOrnamental fish stores (with and without whole sale)Ornamental fish stores (with and without whole sale)Ornamental fish markets: 1 whole sale and 1 retail marketOrnamental fish markets: 1 whole sale and 1 retail marketExport marketExport marketImport marketImport marketImporting for reImporting for re--export marketexport market

VERY VIETNAM, MOBILE ORNAMENTAL FISH VENDER

InIn--bags popular species: koi carp, golden fish, oscar bags popular species: koi carp, golden fish, oscar ……Sources of fish: growout farmers, stores or middle man Sources of fish: growout farmers, stores or middle man

THE SURVEY OF ORNAMENTAL FISH STORES

Survey: 36 ornamental fish stores (1 Sep Survey: 36 ornamental fish stores (1 Sep –– 15 Oct 2005)15 Oct 2005)Retailer (Group A): 41.7%Retailer (Group A): 41.7%Whole sale and Retailer (Group B): 58.3%Whole sale and Retailer (Group B): 58.3%Previous experience working with fish: 0%Previous experience working with fish: 0%Years of experience: >10yr (22.2%) Years of experience: >10yr (22.2%) -- <5yr (47.2%)<5yr (47.2%)

OPERATING OF ORNAMENTAL FISH STORES

Average operating time: 12 hours per day, 7 days per weekAverage operating time: 12 hours per day, 7 days per weekAverage number of labors: 3 person per storeAverage number of labors: 3 person per storeBusiness types: Business types:

Freshwater ornamental fish (100%)Freshwater ornamental fish (100%)Natural feed (72.2%) and pellet feed (94.4%)Natural feed (72.2%) and pellet feed (94.4%)Submerged plants (80.6%)Submerged plants (80.6%)Glass tanks and equipments (61.1%)Glass tanks and equipments (61.1%)Design service (61.1%)Design service (61.1%)

MAJOR SPECIES OF ORNAMENTAL FISH

Among the most popular species produced by HCMC are: - Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)- Golden fish (Carassius auratus)- Discus (Symphysodon sp.)- Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare)

MAJOR SPECIES OF ORNAMENTAL FISH

Among the most popular species produced by HCMC are: - Guppy (Poecilia reticulate)- Fighting fish (Betta splenden)- Swordtail (Xyphophorus helleri)- Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)

100 97.2 94.4

83.3 80.6 77.8 77.8

69.4 69.4

52.8

40

60

80

100

Golden fis

hKoi c

arpGuppy

Fighting

Swordtai

lMollie

sOsc

arDisc

usAngel fi

shSumatr

a barb

%

TOP TEN SPECIES TO BE SOLDSpecies successfully bred in Vietnam

Among the most popular wild native species are: - Tetraodon fluviatilis (Nóc da beo)- Toxotes chatareus (Mang rổ)- Chilata ornata (Nàng hai)- Pangasius sutchi (Mập nước ngọt)- Monodactylus rebae (Chim bốn sọc)

MAJOR WILD NATIVE SPECIES

MAJOR WILD NATIVE SPECIES

Among the most popular wild native species are: - Datnioides quadrifasciata (Thái hổ)- Kryptopterus sp. (Trèn)- Scatophagus agus (Nâu)- Bostia sp. (Heo)- Apistogramma sp. (Phượng hoàng)

44.4

30.6 27.8 2516.7 16.7

8.3 5.6 5.6 5.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Tetrao

don flu

viatili

s

Toxotes

chata

reus

Chilata

orna

ta

Panga

sius s

utchi

Datnioide

s quad

rifas

ciata

Monod

actyl

us reb

ae

Kryptop

terus

sp.

Scatop

hagus

agus

Bostia s

p.

Apistogr

amma s

p.%

TOP TEN SPECIES TO BE SOLDWild native ornamental fish

97.2

52.8 47.2 41.7 38.9

13.9 13.8 11.1 8.3 2.80

2040

6080

100

Cichlid

ae sp

.

Osteogloss

um ferre

rai

Osteogloss

um bicirrh

...

Sclero

page f

ormosu

s

Sciaen

ochro

mis ah

li

Paracheir

odon innes

i

Paracheir

odon innes

i

Phractoce

phalus h

emil...

Cichlas

oma citr

inellum

Corydoras a

eneus

%

TOP TEN SPECIES TO BE SOLDImported ornamental fish

Center

Dist. 577.8%

Dist. 875%

Go Vap33.3%

Dist.1258.2%

Cu Chi25%

Hoc Mon38.9%

Dong Nai30.6%

SOURCE OF FISH

Mekong Delta58.3%

(wild fish)

Center

Dist. 5All species

Dist. 86 species

Go Vap6 species

Dist.126 species

Cu Chi4 species

Hoc Mon4 species

Dong Nai5 species

SOURCE OF FISH in SPECIES

Mekong Delta(wild fish)

DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL TO THE STORES

PRODUCERS

COLLECTOR

SELF-PRODUCTIONMIDDLE MAN

IMPORTER

83.3%

8.3%

72.2% 19.4%

8.3%

8.3%

50

69.4

47.2

19.411.1

16.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Compared to the past Predicted for future Returns compared tothe past

%

TRENDS OF SELLING

Increase Decrease

EXPORT MARKET in Quantity

826

443

322223

15399 67

0

300

600

900

Tetraodo

n sp.

Guppy

Fighting

Koi carp

Kryptopte

rus sp.

Golden fis

h

Discus

Thou

sand

fish

Year: 2004Quantity: >5 millions fish

IMPORT MARKET in QuantityFrom Jan to Feb 2005

Source: Taiwan, Hongkong, Singapore, ThailandTotal: 43,929 fish

12600

6720 6218

27161680 1509

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

Guppy

Parach

eirod

on in

nesi

Cichlas

oma b

ifasc

iatum

Corydo

ras a

eneu

sOste

oglos

sum sp

p.

Koi ca

rp

Fish

PROJECT’S OUTPUTS

ORNAMENTAL FISH MOVIE

FISH CHART (POSTER)

SOS REPORT

INFORMATION on WEB

THANK YOU!