The Convergence of ASHRAE Standard 90.1, 62.1 and 55 Example … · 2019-01-03 · The Convergence...

The Convergence of ASHRAE Standard 90.1, 62.1 and

55 – Example of Energy Efficiency Measures

Chonghui Liu (CL), PE, CEM, LEED AP

Team Leader, Energy Services

Popli Design Group

2018 CNY Engineering Expo

Oncenter, Syracuse, NY

Monday, November 12, 2018

• The results of the case studies do not reflect the results

from any specific project.

• The views expressed in the case studies are the author’s

only, they do not necessarily reflect the views of ASHRAE

SPPC 90.1 or other parties.

• The images referenced in this presentation are for

general information only, they do not reflect any specific

site.

Disclaimer

• ASHRAE standards – comparison and application

o 90.1

o 62.1

o 55

• Examples of energy efficiency measures

o Building Envelope – attic roof insulation

o HVAC – VAV AHUs in lecture halls

o HVAC – kitchen DCV

o HVAC – laboratory ventilation

• Q&A

Content

• Comparison and application of ASHRAE standards

o 90.1

o 62.1

o 55

• Learn the three ASHRAE standards from examples of

energy efficiency measures





• Q&A

Learning Objectives

• Consulting engineers/managers

• Facility engineers/managers

• Manufacturer engineers/managers/sales

• Contractors/construction managers

• Architects/designers

• Professors/researchers/students

• Others

Do you know who you are talking to?

Feel free to ask questions at any point during the presentation.

Energy:

• Standard 90.1-2016: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise

Residential Buildings

• Standard 90.2-2007: Energy Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential

Buildings

• Standard 90.4-2016: Energy Standard for Data Centers

• Standard 100-2015: Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings

Commissioning:

• Standard 202-2013: Commissioning Process for Buildings and

Systems

• Guideline 0-2013: The Commissioning Process

ASHRAE Standards

4,000+

Other Resources for HVAC Design:

• Standard 15-2016 & 34-2016: Safety Standards for Refrigeration

Systems & Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants

• Standard 55-2013 (2017): Thermal Environmental Conditions for

Human Occupancy

• Standard 62.1-2016: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

• Standard 169-2013: Climate Data for Building Design Standards

• Standard 189.1-2014: Standard for the Design of High-Performance

Green Buildings

ASHRAE Standards 4,000+

Convergence

90.1

Energy

62.1

IEQ

55

Thermal

Comfort

To provide acceptable indoor air quality and thermal

environmental conditions for human occupancy while

optimizing energy efficiency in built environment.

• Building Envelope (Ch 5)

• HVAC (Ch 6)

• Service water heating (Ch 7)

• Power (Ch 8)

• Lighting (Ch 9)

• Other equipment (Ch 10)

• Oil embargo 1973

• Standard 90-75

• Standard 62-73

• Standard 55-66

History

Picture from www.wsj.com

Picture from www.thesleuthjournal.com

Comparison

Comparison – 90.1 compliance paths

• Ch. 4: Administration and Enforcement

o New Buildings

o Additions to existing buildings

o Alterations of existing buildings

Comparison – sections most used (by engineers)

• 90.1 min equipment efficiency tables

• 62.1 - min ventilation rates tables

• 55 - comfort zone psychrometric charts

Comparison – sections most used (by engineers )

90.1 min equipment efficiency tables

1. AC - Electric unitary AC and condensing units

2. HP - Electric unitary and applied HPs

3. Chillers - water chilling packages

4. Electric packaged ACs and HPs

5. Furnace - Warm-air furnaces (and ACs)

6. Boilers

7. Heat rejection

8. Heat transfer (no data)

9. Electric VFR ACs

10. Electric VRF HPs

11. ACs and condensing units serving computer rooms

12. Commercial refrigerator and freezers

13. Commercial refrigeration

14. Indoor pool dehumidifiers (vapor compression based)

15. Electric DX-DOAS (without energy recovery)

16. Electric DX-DOAS (with energy recovery)

Appendix F - DoE:

• AC and HP

• Water heaters

• Pool heaters

Unregulated

Questions or comments?

• Building Envelope – attic roof insulation

• HVAC – VAV AHUs in lecture halls

• HVAC – kitchen DCV

• HVAC – laboratory ventilation

EEM Examples

Building Envelope – Attic Roof Insulation

• 90.1 – Chapter 5

o 5.4: Air Leakage

Continuous air barrier

New: building pressurization test

< 0.4 cfm/ft2

under 0.3 in. of water

o 5.5:

Table 5.5-0 to 5.5-8

Climate 5A

Residential (except low-rise)

Min. R-49

o 5.7: Future: envelope Cx?

6.7: HVAC

IECC: HVAC/Plumbing/Lighting Controls

Comments?

• 62.1 and 55 - Vented attic

o Eliminate moisture from below

o Prevent melting snow and ice dams forming

• Climate zone: 5A

• Residence halls on a university

• Existing condition:

o Flat upper roof with EPDM

o Sloped sides with original slate shingles

o Solid wood deck

o Wood/steel structural framing below

o Cellulose insulation 3.5 inches ~ R-11 (ASHRAE Fundamental)

o Cracks/penetrations

• Energy:

o Heat conduction thru ceiling

o Heat loss from air leakage below

Building Envelope

• Recommendation:

o Remove cellulose insulation

o 5.4 Continuous air barrier -> Seal

cracks/penetrations of attic floor

o 5.5 Min R-49 -> R-50 insulation

(ASHRAE Fundamental):

Closed cell spray foam 2 inches

Blown-in cellulose insulation 10

inches

• Benefits besides energy savings:

o Perform under low temp

o Seal entire attic floor

o Air and vapor barrier

o Acoustical barrier

o No harmful additives

o Protected – flame retardant

Building Envelope

Picture from www. greenintegrateddesign.com

Picture from www.tcworks.org

Summary:

Building Envelope

Building Envelope EEM – Attic Roof Insulation

Value Unit

Annual electric energy savings 0 kWh/yr

Annual electrical energy cost savings $0 $/yr

Annual natural gas energy savings 200,000 therm/yr

Annual natural gas energy cost savings $120,600 $/yr

Total annual energy cost savings $120,600 $/yr

Total project cost $600,000 $

Simple payback period 5.0 yr

Life cycle cost $650,000 $


HVAC – VAV AHUs in Lecture Halls

90.1 – Chapter 6

• 6.4:

o Minimum efficiency tables

6.8.1-1 RTU/AHU with elec. AC

Not for CW/HW AHUs

o Automatic shutdown

Time switch or scheduling control

Occupant sensors

Manually operated timer

Interlock to security system

o DCV

> 500 ft2

≥ 25 people/1000 ft2

(> 40 people/1000 ft2

in 90.1-2010)

1 or more: Economizer /Modulating />3,000 CFM OA

Definition: OA – number of people

• Occupancy schedule

• Occupancy sensors

• People counters

• CO2

sensors

o Zone

o Return air duct

o CO2

sampling

Exceptions: exhaust energy recovery comply with 6.5.6.1

KDCV


90.1 – Chapter 6

• 6.5:

o Air economizer: 5A > 54,000 Btu/h (4.5 tons)

o Prevent simultaneous H/C: Dual-duct except snap acting controls

o Vary supply airflow – load

o Static pressure reset – zone requiring most pressure

o Multi-zone supply air temp reset – load or OAT

o Required OA rate – larger of OA or EA by 62.1

o EA energy recovery

• 6.7:

o System Cx:

> 50,000 ft2

conditioned area

o IECC 2015:

> 480 MBH (40 tons)

> 600 MBH for hvac + dhw


• 62.1 – Procedures

o IMC: 6.2 and 6.4

Section 6 Procedures

Section 6.1 General

Section 6.2

Ventilation

Rate Procedure

Section 6.3

IAQ Procedure

Section 6.4

Natural

Ventilation

Procedure

Combination

Section 6.5 Exhaust Ventilation

Section 6.6 Design Documentation

Procedures

Ez: zone air distribution effectiveness

• Cooling

• Heating

• Induced ventilation

Ev: system ventilation efficiency

• Zpz: primary OA fraction

• Appendix A


62.1

• 6.2:

o Breathing zone OA: CFM-people + CFM-area (Table 6.2.2.1)

o Dynamic reset – DCV (required by 90.1)

> 500 ft2

≥ 25 people/1000 ft2

– Examples below

(90.1-2007/2010 ≥ 40p/1000 ft2

– 90.1-2013/2016 ≥ 25p/1000 ft2)

1 or more:

• Air economizer

• Automatic modulating control of OA damper

• Design OA > 3,000 CFM

• Restaurant dining

• Cafeteria

• Bars, cocktail lounge

• Conference

• Lobby / pre-function

• Break room

• Reception area

• Transportation waiting

• Auditorium seating

• Correctional booking/waiting

• Daycare

• Classroom

• Lecture classroom

• Lecture hall

• University lab

• Media center

• Music / theater / dance

• Multi-use assembly

• Religious worship

• Courtroom

• Legislative chamber

• Museum / gallery

• Mall common area

• Barbershop

• Spectator area

• Dance floor

• Gambling casino


62.1 2016 - 5.16/17 Air Classification (subjective

criteria) and Recirculation

• Class 1: suitable for recirculation/transfer, e.g.

office, common, classrooms…

• Class 2: recirculation/transfer to similar Class2/3

e.g. locker, gym, bathrooms…

o Exception: Class 2 to 1: permitted with ER

device, and

o Recirculated Class 2 < 10% OA.

• Class 3: only recirculated within, e.g. chem/bio

labs, trash rooms, kitchen hoods…

o Exception: Class 3 to other space: permitted

with ER device, and

o Recirculated Class 3 < 5% OA.

• Class 4: harmful – Not recirculated/transferred to

any spaces or within, e.g. kitchen grease hoods,

paint booth, chem storage…

• ETS: Not recirculated/transferred from ETS area to

ETS-free area

IMC 2015 – Section 403

• In excess of required OA, not

prohibit recirculated as a

component of SA.

• Not prohibited if < 10% OA,

e.g. toilets, wood/metal shops,

locker rooms, science labs, art

classrooms, prison cells with

plumbing fixtures.

• Not recirculated/transferred to

any spaces or within e.g. repair

garages, beauty/nail/pet shops,

fuel station, kitchen, smoking

lounges.

Kitchen

90.1 6.5.7.1

Transfer Air


55

• Thermal comfort: that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the

thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation.

Picture from www.nzdl.org

Ch 9 Fundamentals

Ta ≈ To

IECC: Design Conditions for Load

• Heat ≤ 72F (e.g. 68)

• Cool ≥ 75F (e.g. 75, 72, 68)


• Lecture halls on a university


o Originally constructed in 1960s

o 20 lecture halls, concourse and supporting areas

o 17 AHUs in mech rooms throughout the building

2 large dual-duct AHUs (~40% of total CFMs)

2 multi-zone AHUs

13 single-zone AHUs

o Chilled water and hot water coils

o Constant volume (VFDs on SFs, but soft-start only)

o Preheating coils not used

o Mixing hot and cold air flows (simultaneous heat and cool)

o High static pressure

o Pneumatic zone temp sensors ≠ campus BAS

o Pneumatic dampers and zone air flows ≠ campus BAS

o Ineffective pneumatic damper controls

o No fan controls to balance SA and RA



Picture from 2016 ASHRAE Handbook - Systems



AHU Supply Fan and Return Fan Schedule

AHU No.

Combined SA (CFM)

Combined RA (CFM)

Combined SF Motor (HP)

Combined RF Motor (HP)

AHU Type

AHU-1 ~ 2 77,500 62,500 110 17.5 Dual duct AHU-3 ~ 4 12,500 5,500 15 3 Multi-zone AHU-5 ~ 17 108,000 95,000 117.5 34 Single-zone

Total 198,000 163,000 242.5 54.5

• Recommendation:

o Replace 2+2+13 AHUs with new VAV AHUs

o Replace dual-duct boxes/Pneumatic with VAV boxes/DDC

o Replace ductwork (liner) and diffusers due to age/condition

o DCV in each lecture hall using CO2

sensors

o Enthalpy economizer controls

o Enthalpy energy recovery with bypass

o Chilled water control valves from space thermostat

o Hot water control valves from space thermostat

o Static pressure reset controls for SFs in 2+2 AHUs

o SA temp reset based on scheduling and space thermostat

o DDC integration with campus BAS

o Air system TAB

o Commissioning

• Energy savings:

o AHU SF and RA power

o Prevent simultaneous heat/cool (and economizer free cooling)

o Heat/cool energy from reduced OA from DCV


• 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery :

o Y/N:

1) 8000 hrs.

2) Climate zone.

3) %OA design.

4) SA cfm.

o Enthalpy recovery ration ≥ 50% at both heating and cooling

o Bypass both OA and EA

1) < % through energy recovery – cannot stop

2) OA dP thru HR < psi and EA dP thru HR < psi


Picture from Trane – Engineering Bulletin



o Design – control sequence examples (fixed DB):

SF EF ERW BD

Off Off Off Shut

On Off Off Open

On On On Shut

OA < 15F (adj) ERW slowed to maintain EA

Tmin = 32F (adj)



o Design – control sequence examples

(fixed DB):

Mode Condition ERW OABP EABP CC HC PHC

A Cooling with ER OAT>RAT (75F)

OAT>ESP (69F)

On Closed Closed On Off Off

B Cooling no ER RAT (75F) > OAT

> ESP (69F)

Off Open Open On Off Off

C Cooling Economizer OAT<ESP (69F)

OAT<RAT (75F)

Off Open Open Off Off Off

DHeating with

ER

Part load Eco

“Free Heat” 1

OAT<ESP (69F)

OAT<RAT (75F)

On Open Open Off Off Off

Part load Eco

“Free Heat” 2

OAT<ESP (69F)

OAT<RAT (75F)

On Closed Modulate

– SAT

Off Off Off

Heating with ER 3 OAT<ESP (69F)

OAT<RAT (75F)

On Closed Closed Off On Off

E

Heating with

ER&Preheat,

Frost

Protection

Part load Eco

“Free Heat” 1

OAT<FPSP (35F)

On Open Open Off Off On

Part load Eco

“Free Heat” 2

On Closed Modulate

– SAT

Off Off On

Heating with ER 3 On Closed Closed Off On On

7569



o Design – other considerations:

ER types: ER wheel, plate HX, heat pipe, run-around coil

Enthalpy or DB? - Climate 5A

(“Economizer high limit controls and Why Enthalpy Economizers Don’t Work”

Taylor, ASHRAE Journal, Nov, 2010.)



o Construction (commissioning):

Picture from

www.swinter.com

Picture from Dospel

• Implementation considerations:

o Asbestos-containing insulation found – abatement.

o Lead and PCB not found yet.

o Phased construction

o Temporary relocation – major disruption

o Evaluate existing fan performance

o Evaluate distribution ductwork (leakage, insulation, liner, etc.)

o Not included in the EEM – HW/CH constant pumps to VFDs


HVAC EEM – VAV AHUs

Value Unit

Annual electric energy savings 560,000 kWh/yr Annual electrical energy cost savings $43,680 $/yr

Annual natural gas energy savings 45,000 therm/yr Annual natural gas energy cost savings $26,928 $/yr

Total annual energy cost savings $70,608 $/yr

Total project cost 7,500,000 $

Simple payback period 106.2 yr Life cycle cost $10,800,000 $


HVAC – Kitchen DCV

• 90.1 – Chapter 6

o 6.5.7.2 Kitchen Exhaust

Systems:

Replacement air to cavity

≤ 10% of hood EA

Hood EA > 5,000 CFM

• Rated EA (CFM/ft hood

length) – Table 6.5.7.2.2

• DCV or other strategies

Performance testing

• DCV – testing at

minimum flow

• Standalone, report (cfm,

fpm, ft, controls), smoke

test

Picture from DOE Guidance on Demand Controlled Kitchen Ventilation

• Temperature

• Optical

• Infrared


• 6.5.7.2 Hood EA > 5,000 CFM

o Max Net EA (CFM/ft hood length) – Table 6.5.7.2.2

Type of hood

Duty

Hood Duty Temp (F) Fuel Examples

Light 400 Elec or gas Oven, kettle

Medium 400 Elec or gas Griddle, rotisserie

Heavy 600 Elec or gas Broiler

Extra-Heavy 700 Solid fuel (wood, char) Appliances use solid fuel

Picture from

2015 ASHRAE

Handbook -

Applications


• 6.5.7.2 Hood EA > 5,000 CFM

o DCV or other strategies

> 50% replacement air is transfer air – otherwise would be exhausted

Kitchen DCV

• On > 75% EA

• Reduce > 50% EA and replacement air system

o Sensor: one or combined

o EA / OA fan VFD; dampers; economizer; cooking appliances

Energy Recovery

Sensor Location Components O&M

Temperature Exhaust duct intake Air temp changes NA

Optical End of hood How transparent –

smoke/effluent

Periodic cleaning

Infrared Above cooking Temp of cooking surface Periodic clearing

Others – energy input, communication from cooking equipment, scheduling.

DCV: OA – number of people

• Occupancy schedule

• Occupancy sensors

• People counters

• CO2

sensors

KDCV: EA – cooking activity


• 6.5.7.2 Hood EA > 5,000 CFM

o DCV or other strategies

> 50% replacement air is transfer air – otherwise would be exhausted

Kitchen DCV

Energy Recovery

• Sensible ER > 40% on > 50% of EA

o Class 4: automatic washdown, expensive – effectiveness &

fire risk

o Class 3: high temperature and humidity – but 90.1 not

separate

o Large OA & light-duty cooking & cold climate. e.g. hospital

cooking

o 6.5.6.1 Exhaust air energy recovery for general exhaust (e.g.

dining)

Hood Type Collect & Remove Components Air Class 62.1

Type I grease and smoke Filter, baffles; fire suppression system

4

Type II Steam and heat (no grease/smoke)

May include filter, baffles.

3


Hood Type Collect & Remove Components Air Class 62.1

Type I grease and smoke Filter, baffles; fire

suppression system

4

Type II Steam and heat (no

grease/smoke)

May include filter,

baffles.

3

62.1

o Ventilation:

Kitchen (commercial): 7.5 CFM/p + 0.12 CFM/ft2

IMC:

• Kitchen (commercial): NA

• Kitchen (Private dwellings from IMC): NA

o Exhaust:

Kitchen (commercial): 0.7 CFM/ft2

IMC

• Kitchen (commercial): 0.7 CFM/ft2

• Kitchen (Private dwellings from IMC): 25 (inte.) / 100 (cont.) CFM/room

o Air Class:


55

o Comfort: occupied spaces, including kitchen

o Highly no-uniform thermal environment – office to kitchen?

o To establish a method for acceptable working environments in

kitchens (Simone at al. 2013)


• Dining facility on an institutional campus


o Originally constructed in the 1920s

o Commercial kitchen, dinning, community room, and offices.

o 2 constant volume exhaust hoods

Wall mounted canopy

Double island canopy

o Constant volume make-up AHU

Steam heating coil, No. 2 fuel oil steam boilers in central plant

o Transfer air from adjacent spaces is negligible (air balanced)

o 6 a.m. to 7 p.m., 7 days a week


AHU Supply Fan and Return Fan Schedule

No.

Existing SA & EA (CFM)

Proposed Average SA & EA (CFM)

EF Motor (HP)

SF Motor (HP)

Type

Island hood 15,000

9,500

7.5 - Double island exhaust

hood

Canopy hood 2 - Wall-mounted canopy

exhaust hood

Make-up AHU 15,000

9,500

- 5

100% OA make-up AHU

• Recommendation – Kitchen DCV:

o Sensor: optical sensor and temperature sensor

o Processor: manufacturer provided

o Equipment:

VFDs on make-up AHU and two exhaust hood fans

Ventilation dampers

Economizer controls

(no cooling is proposed due to Owner’s preference)

• Energy savings:

o Fan power

o Heating energy from reduced OA from DCV


HVAC EEM – Kitchen DCV

Value Unit

Annual electric energy savings 21,000 kWh/yr Annual electrical energy cost savings $1,747 $/yr Annual No. 2 fuel oil energy savings 3,500 gal/yr

Annual No. 2 fuel oil energy cost savings $7,000 $/yr Total annual energy cost savings $8,747 $/yr

Total project cost $52,000 $

Simple payback period 5.9 yr

Life cycle cost $67,000 $


• 90.1

o 6.5.2

Simultaneous heating and cooling limitation:

• Lab exhaust systems comply with 6.5.7.3

Supply air temperature reheat limit:


o 6.5.3

Fan system power and efficiency

• Lab, hospital, vivarium – space pressure

o 6.5.6

Exhaust air energy recovery


o 6.5.7.3 Laboratory Exhaust Systems > 5,000 CFM - one

following:

VAV reduce EA & MA and/or HR system:

• % (EA & MA reduction) + % (sensible ER ratio) x (E/M) ≥ 50%

Reduce EA & MA to min circulation & maintain pressurization

• 50% reduction or maintain pressurization for non-regulated zones

Direct MA > 75% EA

• Heated no warmer than 2F; cooled no cooler than 3F; no

humidification added, no simultaneous H/C for dehumidification.

HVAC – Laboratory Ventilation

Kitchen

• 62.1

o Laboratory hoods – Class 4 (unless by AHJ)

o Harmful – Not recirculated or transferred to any spaces or

within, like lab hoods, kitchen grease hoods, paint booth, or

chemical storage

• 55

o Comfort for occupied spaces

• Cx

o ASHRAE Guideline 0 and 202

• Other resources:

o ASHRAE Handbooks

o ASHRAE Laboratory Design Guide

o ANSI Z9.5 Standard for Laboratory Ventilation

o NFPA

o Code of Federal Regulations

HVAC – Laboratory Ventilation

Summary


• ASHRAE standards – comparison and application

o 90.1

o 62.1

o 55

• Examples of energy efficiency measures





• Q&A

• ASHRAE 90.1. 2016. Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. Atlanta:

ASHRAE.

• ASHRAE 62.1. 2016. Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

• ASHRAE 55. 2013. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

• ASHRAE. 2015. ASHRAE Handbook – HVAC Applications. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

• ASHRAE. 2017. ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals. Atlanta: ASHRAE.

• Hunn, B.D. 2010. Theoretical analysis of solar heat gain through insulating glass with inside

shading. ASHRAE Journal 52(3):36, 46.

• Simone, A. 2013. Thermal comfort in commercial kitchen (RP-1469: Procedure and physical

measurements (Part 1). HVAC&R Research 19: 1001–15.

• Taylor, S. 2010. Economizer high limit controls and Why Enthalpy Economizers Don’t Work.

ASHRAE Journal, November 2010.

References

A. ASHRAE 90.1

B. ASHRAE 62.1

C. ASHRAE 55

D. All of the above

Q1: Which of the following standards

offers Performance Rating Method

compliance path?

A. Class 1 air

B. Class 2 air

C. Class 3 air

D. Class 4 air

E. Class 3 and 4 air

Q2: Per 62.1, which of the following will

not be recirculated or transferred to any

space or recirculated within the space of

origin?

Q3: Which of the following sensor(s) can

be used to detect cooking activity for

kitchen DCV?

A. Temperature sensor

B. Optical sensor

C. Infrared sensor

D. Energy input sensor/meter

E. All of the above

A. 90.1-2016: it provides the minimum equipment efficiency for

AHUs with HW and CW coils.

B. 90.1-2016: DCV is required for spaces > 1000 ft2

with a

design occupancy density ≥ 40 people/1000 ft2.

C. 90.1-2016: whole-building pressurization testing is an option

for continuous air barrier compliance.

D. 90.1-2016: when applying an exhaust air energy recovery

system – enthalpy wheel with economizer operation – provision

to bypass the wheel is not required during economizer

operation as long as the wheel is stopped.

E. 62.1-2016: laboratory hood exhaust and kitchen hoods other

than grease are Class 3 air.

F. 55-2013: thermal comfort is an absolute objective evaluation.

Q4: Which of the following statements is

true?

A. An institution replaces – in several dormitory buildings – the existing

damaged insulation with fiberglass insulation without sealing the

penetrations on attic floors.

B. A university gut renovates – in a lecture building – the existing dual

duct HVAC systems (constant AHUs, mixing dual duct boxes) with all

new VAV systems (VFD AHUs, air distribution, VAV boxes).

C. A laboratory replaces all its existing constant-volume fume hoods –

operating based on occupancy scheduling – with new constant-

volume low flow hoods.

D. An office building, built ten years ago, replaces all of the existing T-8

and CFL lighting fixtures with LED fixtures.

E. A hospital incorporates – in a all-day operating dining building with

large OA demand – by internal facility engineers to add sensors and

controls to existing VFDs on MAU and hood exhaust fans.

Q5: In general, in upstate New York,

which of the following ECM produces the

quickest payback?

Chonghui Liu (CL), PE, CEM, LEED AP

Popli Design Group

[email protected]

Questions? Thank you!

The Convergence of ASHRAE Standard 90.1, 62.1 and 55 Example … · 2019-01-03 · The Convergence...

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