The Consequences of World War I. Question to Start Why do we forget about World War I and not World...
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Transcript of The Consequences of World War I. Question to Start Why do we forget about World War I and not World...
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The Consequences of World War I
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Question to Start
•Why do we forget about World War I and not World War II?
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Four Big Results of World War I
• 1. Russian Revolution• 2. Treaty of Versailles• 3. The Development of a World Culture• 4. The Ascendency of the United States
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Russian Revolution
• Actually two different Revolutions in 1917– February Revolution – eliminates Tsar, creates
provisional.– October Revolution – Bolshevik Revolution -
Communists
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Why Russian Revolution?
• Late Industrialization• Disaffected Workers• Development of Middle Class• Huge differences in rich/poor• Weak Rulership• Bloody Sunday - 1905• The War casualties / losses
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February Revolution
• Tsar Nicholas II at the front / Grigori Rasputin– 1.8 M. Dead / 2 M. captured / 1 M. missing
• Started with bread strikes in Petrograd • Duma / Army turned against him• Provisional Gov’t set up – responded to
Soviets (local workers councils)• Alexander Kerensky
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October Revolution
• Vladamir Lenin – greatest secret weapon ever– Peace, Land, Bread
• Started when government was said to have no teeth vs. Germans
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk• Mencheviks v. Bolsheviks – white v. red.• Leon Trotsky – Propaganda minister – basically
ran four year war v. White Russians.• Operation Archangel
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The “First” Soviet Russia
• Lenin’s view of communism – closer to Marx.– Run by Politburo and party meetings– New Economic Policy – mixed economy
• Lenin dies of strokes in 1924• Fight between Trotsky and Stalin for power.– Trotsky wants more bureaucracy, less
centralization – international fight– Stalin wants more centralization, becomes a
totalitarian dictatorship.– Trotsky loses by 1928 – goes into exile.
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Stalin’s Russia - 1928• Centralized totalitarian dictatorship by 1932– Collectivization – command economy – necessary
because of scissor effect – Ukrainian Famine – Stalin’s Holocaust – 4-5 million– Cult of Personality– Great Purge – 700,000 killed / millions sent to
gulags– 5 Year Plans of Industrialization – 1933 / 1938– Creation of KGB– Heavily repressed Orthodox Church
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Paris Peace Conference
• Big “Four” – Woodrow Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau (Fr.), David Lloyd George (UK), and Vittorio Orlando (It.)
• Redrew world map• Huge reparations on Germany and admission
of guilt for war• Started League of Nations
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International Grievances• Australia – sought to expand power in pacific• China – sought to get Japan out of its territory• Italy – Sought the land promised by Entente• Japan – Racial Equality Proposal (rejected)• Zionists – recognition of Israel• France – punish Germany (Article 231)• US – Bring 14 points to life• Great Britain – Protect the empire• Sykes-Picot Agreement• Ho Chi Minh – not allowed to air grievances
against France
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The Sykes-Picot Agreement
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Treaty of Versailles
• Germany took responsibility for war• Responsible for 38 billion in war reparations• Germans lost territory to French• Ottoman Empire broken up into
French/English territory• Austro-Hungary Empire broken up
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Europe Pre/Post World War I
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Zionist Map Used at Paris Peace Conference
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Proposed “New Middle East” in 2006
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League of Nations• Created as part of 14 points plan of Wilson’s.• Wilson wanted to create a harmonious
balance of power and provide for ethnic minorities.
• Had to sacrifice most of the points to keep the League as a potential.
• Lost the League when US refused to join.• US had to sign Berlin Treaty in 1920, just to
get other benefits of Versailles Treaty.