The Columbian Exchange The Beginning of a great exchange between the Old World (Europe) and the New...

The Columbian Exchange

The Beginning of a great exchange between

the Old World (Europe)

and

the New World (the Americas).

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To what does the phrase “Columbian Exchange” refer?

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In one sense, the

“Columbian Exchange” refers to PRODUCTS that were exchanged between the

New and Old Worlds after Columbus’ arrival in the Americas.

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BUT in A MORE COMPLETE sense, the

“Columbian Exchange” refers to EVERYTHING that was exchanged …

including DISEASES.

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HERE’S THE WAY IT WORKED…

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Aztec Empire

Mayan States

Inca Empire

Following Columbus’ voyages of discovery, Spanish conquistadors encountered the Aztec and Incan

empires in the New World.

In 1492, two major empires

in the Americas, the Aztecs and the Inca, ruled many people.

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States and Empires in 1519 CEStates and Empires in 1519 CE

States & States & EmpiresEmpires

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By 1600, the Spanish conquistadors had By 1600, the Spanish conquistadors had conquered the Aztec and Incan empires and conquered the Aztec and Incan empires and

extended Spain’s territorial claims even further.extended Spain’s territorial claims even further.

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The Columbian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange

Plants, animals, and micro-organisms of the “Old World” Plants, animals, and micro-organisms of the “Old World” were exchanged with those of the Americas across the were exchanged with those of the Americas across the

oceans.oceans.

Population & Population & EnvironmentEnvironment


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New crops, plants, and animals were exchanged world-wide.

Luxury products like coffee, chocolate, tea, tobacco, and spices meant new cultural habits for those with money to spend.


Trade in the new products expanded world-wide.

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Trade & Trade & ManufacturingManufacturing


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As was mentioned earlier, new crops, plants, and animals were not the only things exchanged world-wide.


HOWEVER…


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SO, when discussing the Columbian Exchange, we must include as part of the exchange new diseases which were an unintended consequence of cultural interaction.



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"Old World" diseases had a devastating impact on Native American populations because they had no natural immunity to the new diseases.

The smallpox epidemic is believed to have resulted in the largest death tolls among Native Americans, surpassing any wars and far exceeding the mortality from the Black Death.



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Population of New World before the arrival of Columbus is estimated between 50 and 100 million.

It is estimated that upwards of 80–95 percent of the Native

American population was decimated within the first 100–150 years following 1492.

The most affected regions in the Americas lost 100% of their population.

Estimated Population Loss ~ 63,750,000



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A more complete list of things exchanged must include:

Crops, Plants, Animals, People (slaves) Cultural characteristics, and diseases

among other things


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From 1400 to 1800 From 1400 to 1800 the rate of change the rate of change accelerated more accelerated more rapidly in many rapidly in many areas of human areas of human

activity.activity.Ideas & Ideas &

InventionsInventions

States & States & EmpiresEmpires

Trade & Trade & ManufacturinManufacturin

gg


Increased global interaction sped Increased global interaction sped up the process of world change.up the process of world change.

World trade volume increased dramatically and began to shift its center from Asia to the Atlantic region.States increased their power with gunpowder conquests and new sources of mercantile wealth. In Europe, rising economic elites enjoyed growing wealth, which led them to challenge old landed aristocracies and monarchs.

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Summary: The Columbian Exchange contributed to global exchange which

led to accelerating world change.

The Columbian Exchange The Beginning of a great exchange between the Old World (Europe) and the New...

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