THE COLD WAR THE COLD WAR. THE COLD WAR What was it & why did it happen? Part I.
THE COLD WAR
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THE COLD WAR THE COLD WAR The Beginnings The Beginnings
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THE COLD WAR. The Beginnings. Origins of the Cold War. Communism (USSR) v. Capitalism (US) Stalin resents the US after WWII ends Why? Delay in attacking Germany so German troops pull out of USSR US keeps atomic bomb secret. The United Nations. April 25, 1945 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of THE COLD WAR
THE COLD THE COLD WARWAR
The BeginningsThe Beginnings
Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War
Communism (USSR) v. Capitalism (US)Communism (USSR) v. Capitalism (US)
Stalin resents the US after WWII endsStalin resents the US after WWII ends– Why?Why?– Delay in attacking Germany so German troops Delay in attacking Germany so German troops
pull out of USSRpull out of USSR– US keeps atomic bomb secretUS keeps atomic bomb secret
The United NationsThe United Nations April 25, 1945April 25, 1945
– 50 nations meet in San 50 nations meet in San FranciscoFrancisco
– Establish a peacekeeping Establish a peacekeeping bodybody
UN Security CouncilUN Security Council– Winners of WWII!Winners of WWII!– Britain, France, US, USSR and Britain, France, US, USSR and
China (permanent seats)China (permanent seats)
US and USSR use UN to US and USSR use UN to spread influencespread influence
Arab-Israeli ConflictArab-Israeli Conflict Dispute over landDispute over land
– Until 1948 both groups claimed “Palestine” as their ownUntil 1948 both groups claimed “Palestine” as their own– 1949 > region was divided into three parts1949 > region was divided into three parts
Gaza Strip, West Bank, and IsraelGaza Strip, West Bank, and Israel
Israel’s claims to the landIsrael’s claims to the land– biblical claim, land promised to Abraham’s descendants biblical claim, land promised to Abraham’s descendants
(Jewish people)(Jewish people)– Jews need haven from anti-SemitismJews need haven from anti-Semitism– ““The Wall” constructed around West Bank, when complete The Wall” constructed around West Bank, when complete
will take over about 50% of Israeli West Bankwill take over about 50% of Israeli West Bank
Palestine’s claims to the landPalestine’s claims to the land– Continual occupation of the land for centuriesContinual occupation of the land for centuries– Arabs represent the demographic majorityArabs represent the demographic majority– Biblical claim, Arabs AND Jews alike to live hereBiblical claim, Arabs AND Jews alike to live here
Palestine
Israel
Truman Becomes PresidentTruman Becomes President
During Truman’s VP term…During Truman’s VP term…– Not included in policy-making Not included in policy-making
decisionsdecisions– Unaware of Manhattan Unaware of Manhattan
ProjectProject– In the dark!In the dark!
US doubts his ability as US doubts his ability as presidentpresident
Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference ““Big Three” meet at Big Three” meet at
PotsdamPotsdam– US, USSR, BritainUS, USSR, Britain– Same ones present at YaltaSame ones present at Yalta
RepresentativesRepresentatives– Stalin (USSR)Stalin (USSR)– Churchill / Atlee (Britain)Churchill / Atlee (Britain)– Truman (US)Truman (US)
Stalin’s Broken Yalta Stalin’s Broken Yalta PromisesPromises– No free and fair electionsNo free and fair elections– Banns democratic partiesBanns democratic parties
Bargaining at PotsdamBargaining at Potsdam
DecisionsDecisions– ““Big Three” would take war Big Three” would take war
reparations from their own reparations from their own German occupation zonesGerman occupation zones
– US allowed sell goods to E. US allowed sell goods to E. European nationsEuropean nations
Soviets also want stake in Soviets also want stake in E. EuropeE. Europe– To prevent future attacksTo prevent future attacks
Tension Mounts…Tension Mounts…
Stalin establishes Satellite NationsStalin establishes Satellite Nations– Countries dominated by USSRCountries dominated by USSR
US Containment PolicyUS Containment Policy– By George F. KennanBy George F. Kennan– Prevent extension of Prevent extension of
Communism into other nationsCommunism into other nations
Europe is divided…Europe is divided…– Eastern part is CommunistEastern part is Communist– Western Part is DemocraticWestern Part is Democratic
The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain”
Name given to Name given to the division of the division of Europe by Europe by Winston Winston ChurchillChurchill
Cold War In EuropeCold War In Europe No actual land battles! Hence, “Cold” WarNo actual land battles! Hence, “Cold” War
Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine– Democratic help to Turkey and GreeceDemocratic help to Turkey and Greece– Truman asks congress for $400 million to helpTruman asks congress for $400 million to help– CONTAINMENT!CONTAINMENT!– Reduces chance of communist takeoverReduces chance of communist takeover
Marshall PlanMarshall Plan– US provides aid to all European nations in needUS provides aid to all European nations in need– ““not against any country or doctrine”not against any country or doctrine”– 16 European countries receive $13 in aid16 European countries receive $13 in aid– Results?Results?
Struggle over GermanyStruggle over Germany Stalin closes all highways Stalin closes all highways
into Berlininto Berlin
The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift– Britain and US fly Britain and US fly
food/supplies into W. Berlinfood/supplies into W. Berlin– W. Berlin survives because W. Berlin survives because
of thisof this– Boosts American prestigeBoosts American prestige– USSR lifts the blockadeUSSR lifts the blockade
A New GermanyA New Germany– E. Germany > Federal E. Germany > Federal
Republic of GermanyRepublic of Germany– West Germany > German West Germany > German
Democratic RepublicDemocratic Republic
NATONATO
Soviet blockade Soviet blockade increases fear of increases fear of aggressionaggression
North Atlantic North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationTreaty Organization– Pledge military Pledge military
support to each support to each otherother
– Significant for USSignificant for US First peacetime First peacetime
military alliancemilitary alliance
