The Cold War

Part 2

How did the actions of the democratic & communist countries

impact the Cold War?

Essential Question

The Chinese Civil War**You don’t need to write anything on this page, by the way.

I should install a guardrail like this at my summer cabin...Oh, how your

affection toward molded steel amuses me so, Mao!

The Chinese Civil WarChiang Kai Shek

• Leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party

• Represented Middle/Upper Class Businessmen

• Supported by U.S.

Chinese Civil WarMao Zedong

• Leader of the Chinese Communist Party

• Represented Farmers and Laborers from rural villages

• Supported by USSR

Outcome of the Civil War• Mao & his

Communist Party win. He declares a unified China on Oct 1, 1949

• Chiang & his Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan after losing the mainland to the communists.

• The U.N. recognized Nationalist China (Taiwan) as the legitimate representative of China (until 1971).

TaiwanNO COMMIES ALLOWED

Nationalist

The Korean War

• After WWII, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel:

1) N Korea = Soviet

occupation zone

2) S Korea = US occupation zone

Post-WWII Korea

• After mainland China became communist, US feared communism would spread in Asia.

• June 25, 1950: N. Korea invaded S Korea

Containment in Asia - Korea

Seoul Tunnel dug by North Koreans

US Marines flushing out North Koreans

• United Nations response:

1. UN “police action” against aggressors to contain communism

2. 21 countries sent troops & support to SK

(US = 88% of troops)

3. Gen MacArthur given command of UN troops

Containment in Asia - Korea

Outcome of Korean War

• Communist Chinese troops support N Korea

• War lasted 3 yrs with many casualties

• Cease-fire, NOT peace treaty signed in 1953

Joseph McCarthy & The Red Scare

Joseph McCarthy & the Red Scare

• Senator from Wisconsin 1947-1957

• Caused panic & terror among the public known as the “Red Scare”

• “Red Scare” = Idea that communists were planted inside the gov’t & were spies among us.

Joseph McCarthy & the Red Scare

• McCarthy wrongfully accused Americans of being communists.

• “Blacklist” = names of suspected communists who were then shunned by employers.

• After numerous hearings, the Senate officially condemned McCarthy.

How to Spot a Communist! ;)

The Downfall of McCarthy

Central Intelligence Agency The CIA

● Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 creating the CIA.

● The President now had direct control of overseas operations.

● Most operations were covert and against non-democratic governments.

What was the Bay of Pigs?

• Covert (top secret) operation begun by Pres. Eisenhower

• Inherited by Kennedy when elected Pres.

● The plan: Cuban exiles trained under the CIA to overthrow Castro’s communist government.

Kennedy with Cuban exiles

Where is the Bay of Pigs, in Cuba?

Outcome of the Bay of Pigs

● Complete failure!● Agents were caught● Great

embarrassment to Pres. Kennedy

● Criticism of U.S. foreign policy

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Extension of the Arms Race● EX: How the Cold War almost became

“hot”

• Discovery of Soviet short-range missiles pointed towards US targets

You do not need to write this in your

notes.

Map Analysis

The circle =

target range of Soviet

missiles stationed in Cuba.

What US cities could be targets?

123

Cuban Missile Crisis• Fidel Castro, Cuban

Dictator

• Nikita Kruschev, Soviet Premier

• John F Kennedy, US President

• 13 day October Crisis: Showdown between JFK & Kruschev

Cuban Missile Crisis• Solution:

1. Publicly agreed: USSR removal of missiles in Cuba in exchange for US removal of naval blockade around Cuba

2. Secretly agreed: US removal of short-range missiles in

Turkey