The Cold War 1945- 1991 What was the Cold War? Cold War was a time of conflict between the United...
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Transcript of The Cold War 1945- 1991 What was the Cold War? Cold War was a time of conflict between the United...
The Cold War 1945-The Cold War 1945-19911991
What was the Cold War?
• Cold War was a time of conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union
• It was called “Cold” because there was no actual battles between the two superpowers.
YALTA (in the USSR)YALTA (in the USSR)Date: Feb 1945Date: Feb 1945
Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and StalinRoosevelt and Stalin
• Discussed Germany’s terms of surrender
• Split Germany into 4 zones
• Discussed war trials
POTSDAM (Germany)POTSDAM (Germany)Date: July 1945Date: July 1945
Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Truman and StalinTruman and Stalin
• Finalized plans from Yalta conference
• Transferred power to Allied Power generals
Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston
Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those
communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from
the the West. West.
Improve your knowledge
• The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.
• Divided East and West Berlin
• Became a symbol of the Cold War
Truman
Doctrine
US Foreign PolicyContainment: The
Policy of preventing
The spread of
communism
Helped struggling nations like
Greece and Turkey that
are threatened by communist
expansion Marshall
Plan
Provided
aid to
help rebuild
Europe
What were the Soviets doing?
The Same Thing!!!!
Berlin Blockade• Stalin blocked off all
roads, railways and rivers connecting Berlin and West
Germany
What are Truman’s
options?
Berlin Airlift!!!
• Over 5,000 supplies
Were carried into West
Berlin.
• Lasted almost a year
• May 1949, Stalin
lifted the blockade
Communist China
• 1949 Mao Zedong set up the People’s Republic of China
• Between China and Soviet Union, almost ¼ of Earth’s surface was communist
Deadliest dictator
in history
1949: Soviets test their own atomic weapon
Cold War Alliances
Warsaw Pact
• Alliance with the Soviet Union
• Promote and spread the ideals of communism
North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)
• Alliance with the United States
• Prevent the spread of communism and spread ideals of democracy
Korean War
• After WWII, Korea is divided at the 38th parallel
• North Korea controlled by Communist government
• June 1950, North Koreans cross the 38th parallel.
• Truman asks UN to step in
• U.N. troops (made up of 90% Americans)
defend South Korea• Under General
MacArthur, UN able to push North Koreans back…but is this enough?
• MacArthur wanted to punish North Koreans for their aggression and pushed troops up through North Korea.
• Who is this going to upset?
Truman vs. MacArthur
• MacArthur wanted to invade China
• Truman feared this would start another World war
• MacArthur spoke out against Truman and is later “fired”
• What role of the President allows this?
Commander
In
Chief!!!
Cease Fire
• Under President Eisenhower a cease-fire was signed in July 1953.
• 54,000 Americans die• Billions of Dollars
spent• North and South
Korea would remain divided at 38th parallel
THE COST IN HUMAN LIFE
Casualties in the Korean War
780,000500,000
70,000
30,000
4,500
NK & Chinese soldiersand civilians
SK civilians
SK soldiers
USA soldiers
Other UN soldiers
US & North Korean Relations• North Korea still remains threat today• April 13th, 2012: Rocket launch deemed a huge failure for new
dictator Kim Jong-un• Has one of the world’s largest standing armies, but relies on outside
sources to feed its people• 2010: North Korea shelled a South Korean island, killing civilians• DMZ considered “Scariest place on Earth” but still attracts
approximately 6.5 million tourists a year
Kim Jong II
Fashion Icon or raging lunatic?
Korean War Memorial
• The memorial includes 19 various statues that are over 7 feet tall. • These statues commemorate the branches of the military and
include the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. • They also include most ethnicities such as African American,
Caucasian, Native American, Hispanic, and Asian.• The southern area of the memorial is lined with rows of Rose of
Sharon hibiscus plants because this is the national flower of South Korea.
• Representing the difficult terrain that the soldiers encountered are the juniper bushes and representing the many obstacles that the soldiers had to conquer are the granite stripes.
Struggle over Countries
• US and Soviet Union struggled over nations of Africa, Asia and Latin America
• Both the Soviets and the US gave aid to these nations, hoping to influence them
Philippines
• Philippines granted independence on July 4, 1946
• Communist rebels attempted to gain power, but were defeated
• In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos became President
India and Southeast Asia
• In 1947, India gained independence from Britain
• India divided into two nations; India and Pakistan
• Pakistan became an ally of the US
• India remained neutral but accepted money from both superpowers
African Nations
• More than 30 nations gained independence in the 50’s and 60’s
• US and Soviet Union competed for allies, providing economic and military support
• Superpowers fueled many civil wars in Africa
Latin America
• Throughout the Cold War, American Presidents supported dictators because they were anti-communist
• Latin America were angry with the US for using the “Big Stick Policy”
Domino Theory
• The idea that if one country in Southeast Asia falls to communism, neighboring nations will too.