The Civil WarThe Civil WarThe war began with the firing on Ft. Sumter The war began with the firing on Ft. Sumter

Northern strategy:Northern strategy:

1.1. Blockade southern portsBlockade southern ports

2.2. Gain control of the Miss. RiverGain control of the Miss. River

3.3. Capture the Confederate capital: Richmond, VACapture the Confederate capital: Richmond, VA

4.4. Destroy Confederate transportation and Destroy Confederate transportation and communication linescommunication lines

Southern strategy:Southern strategy:

1.1. Fight a DEFENSIVE war – tiring out the UnionFight a DEFENSIVE war – tiring out the Union

2.2. getting supplies from EUROPE with the sale of getting supplies from EUROPE with the sale of cottoncotton

3.3. Break the blockadeBreak the blockade

Major Robert Anderson USA

General P.G.T. Beauregard

The Civil War in S. C.The Civil War in S. C. The War in South CarolinaThe War in South Carolina The Union captured PORT ROYAL, on the The Union captured PORT ROYAL, on the

coast, to use as a headquarters for the coast, to use as a headquarters for the blockading ships and as a base from which to blockading ships and as a base from which to threaten Charleston and South Carolina threaten Charleston and South Carolina railroad lines.railroad lines.

KING COTTON DIPLOMACY - the South initially KING COTTON DIPLOMACY - the South initially withheld its cotton from Europe to increase the withheld its cotton from Europe to increase the demand for it and hopefully get European allies to demand for it and hopefully get European allies to help fight the war.help fight the war.

This strategy failed for the following reasons:This strategy failed for the following reasons: 1. The BLOCKADE became more effective1. The BLOCKADE became more effective

2. European nations found other COTTON 2. European nations found other COTTON MARKETS around the world.MARKETS around the world.

3. the EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION3. the EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

made SLAVERY the majormade SLAVERY the major

issue of the war and Europe was not willing to issue of the war and Europe was not willing to

fight for the South to keep slaves.fight for the South to keep slaves.

The blockade was increasingly successful in South Carolina despite the use of BLOCKADE RUNNERS, fast ships designed to get past the blockading ships. The blockade runners were called the LIFELINE OF THE CONFEDERACY because they were the main source of supplies for the Confederacy.The HUNLEY was a Confederate submarine that was used to try and break the blockade

Union troops bombarded and attacked Union troops bombarded and attacked Charleston for over a year. In this campaign Charleston for over a year. In this campaign the 54the 54thth MASSACHUSETTS , an all-black MASSACHUSETTS , an all-black Union regiment led the attack on BATTERY Union regiment led the attack on BATTERY WAGNER.WAGNER.

ROBERT SMALLS was a slave and boat ROBERT SMALLS was a slave and boat pilot who, with his family, stole a Confederate pilot who, with his family, stole a Confederate ship, the PLANTER and escaped to the ship, the PLANTER and escaped to the Union blockade. Smalls gave valuable Union blockade. Smalls gave valuable information to the Union about Confederate information to the Union about Confederate fortifications around Charleston.fortifications around Charleston.

Union General WILLIAM T. SHERMAN Union General WILLIAM T. SHERMAN invaded South Carolina in 1865. His goal invaded South Carolina in 1865. His goal was to bring TOTAL WAR, bringing the war was to bring TOTAL WAR, bringing the war to the civilians, to convince the South to to the civilians, to convince the South to surrender. His troops destroyed homes, surrender. His troops destroyed homes, plantations, railroads and towns all across plantations, railroads and towns all across the state. His troops treated South Carolina the state. His troops treated South Carolina especially hard since the state was the first especially hard since the state was the first to secede. On the night of February 17, 1865 to secede. On the night of February 17, 1865 Sherman’s men burned much of COLUMBIA Sherman’s men burned much of COLUMBIA to the ground. to the ground.

IMPACT OF THE WAR:IMPACT OF THE WAR: PLANTATION OWNERS:PLANTATION OWNERS: The wealthiest served as high-ranking officers. The wealthiest served as high-ranking officers.

WADE HAMPTON, the richest man in the South WADE HAMPTON, the richest man in the South was the highest ranking officer from South Carolinawas the highest ranking officer from South Carolina

Many wealthy were exempt under the 20 SLAVE Many wealthy were exempt under the 20 SLAVE rule and could also hire a SUBSTITUTE to fight in rule and could also hire a SUBSTITUTE to fight in their place, which meant that the poorer class died their place, which meant that the poorer class died in disproportionate numbers than their wealthy in disproportionate numbers than their wealthy countrymen. This led to the complaint that the war countrymen. This led to the complaint that the war was a “RICH MAN’S WAR BUT A POOR MAN’S was a “RICH MAN’S WAR BUT A POOR MAN’S FIGHTFIGHT

Many of the wealthy lost their plantations and all Many of the wealthy lost their plantations and all their wealth that was tied up in SLAVERYtheir wealth that was tied up in SLAVERY

WOMEN:WOMEN: They ran the farms while the men were They ran the farms while the men were

off fighting and also served as NURSES off fighting and also served as NURSES and raised money for the cause. Many and raised money for the cause. Many women were left as WIDOWS after the women were left as WIDOWS after the war and were the sole providers of their war and were the sole providers of their families.families.

AFRICAN-AMERICANSAFRICAN-AMERICANS Many African-Americans fled to nearby Union lines Many African-Americans fled to nearby Union lines

to claim FREEDOM while others stayed on the to claim FREEDOM while others stayed on the plantations and waited for the Union army to come plantations and waited for the Union army to come to them.to them.

The EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION declared The EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION declared all the slaves free in territory occupied by the all the slaves free in territory occupied by the Union. Union.

Many free blacks and runaway slaves joined the Many free blacks and runaway slaves joined the UNION ARMY where many were discriminated UNION ARMY where many were discriminated against. They served under WHITE OFFICERS against. They served under WHITE OFFICERS officers and were PAID LESS than white soldiers.officers and were PAID LESS than white soldiers.

Some slaves went with their Confederate masters Some slaves went with their Confederate masters to the battlefields while others were used to build to the battlefields while others were used to build FORTIFICATIONS.FORTIFICATIONS.

CHILDREN:CHILDREN: Some boys as young as 10 joined the Some boys as young as 10 joined the

armies and worked as DRUMMER BOYS armies and worked as DRUMMER BOYS and COLOR BEARERS.and COLOR BEARERS.

Many children were ORPHANED by the Many children were ORPHANED by the warwar